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001 · Oral low-molecular-weight collagen × skin hydration and elasticity
Verdict 001 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 9 cited sources
There are many human studies, but most were funded by companies that sell collagen
002 · Oral glutathione × whitening
Verdict 002 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 9 cited sources
There are small studies, but they conflict with one another, and no study has ever shown the full path through to "it becomes brighter because you take it orally"
003 · Probiotics × dieting and body-fat reduction
Verdict 003 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
004 · Red ginseng x immunity
Verdict 004 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
005 · Milk thistle (silymarin) x liver health and fatigue
Verdict 005 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
006 · Lutein and zeaxanthin x eye health (macula)
Verdict 006 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
007 · Policosanol x cholesterol
Verdict 007 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 8 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
008 · Garcinia (HCA) x body fat reduction
Verdict 008 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 9 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
009 · Biotin x hair loss and hair
Verdict 009 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 8 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
010 · Omega-3 x blood flow and cardiovascular health
Verdict 010 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 5 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
011 · Probiotics x gut health and bowel movements
Verdict 011 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
012 · Vitamin D x immunity and cold prevention
Verdict 012 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
013 · Magnesium x sleep and eye twitching
Verdict 013 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 6 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
014 · Glucosamine x joint pain
Verdict 014 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
015 · MSM x joints
Verdict 015 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 6 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
016 · Green-lipped mussel x joints
Verdict 016 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
017 · Boswellia x joint inflammation
Verdict 017 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
018 · Krill oil x 'better absorbed than omega-3' claim
Verdict 018 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 9 cited sources
Positive human evidence exists for lipid markers, but it is limited by small studies, product variation, and conflicting findings.
019 · Coenzyme Q10 x antioxidant and blood pressure
Verdict 019 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
020 · Banaba leaf (corosolic acid) x blood glucose
Verdict 020 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
021 · Bitter melon and Jerusalem artichoke x blood glucose
Verdict 021 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
022 · Cissus x diet
Verdict 022 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
023 · CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) x body fat
Verdict 023 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
024 · Green tea catechins x body fat
Verdict 024 · Evidence Grade D · 8 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
025 · Spinach extract (thylakoids) x appetite suppression
Verdict 025 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
026 · Saw palmetto x prostate and hair loss
Verdict 026 · Evidence Grade F · 7 cited sources
No effect has been repeatedly confirmed
027 · Brewer’s yeast x hair loss
Verdict 027 · Evidence Grade D · 6 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
028 · Pantothenic acid x skin and hair loss
Verdict 028 · Evidence Grade C · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
029 · Oral hyaluronic acid x skin moisturization
Verdict 029 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
030 · Oral ceramides x skin barrier
Verdict 030 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 5 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
031 · NMN x anti-aging
Verdict 031 · Evidence Grade D · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
032 · Collagen x joints and bone
Verdict 032 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
033 · Elastin x skin elasticity and wrinkles
Verdict 033 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
034 · Low-molecular collagen “absorption rate” x molecular-weight marketing
Verdict 034 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 5 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
035 · Ashwagandha x stress and cortisol
Verdict 035 · Evidence Grade B · 61 · 9 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
036 · L-theanine x sleep and tension relief
Verdict 036 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
037 · Lactium x sleep and stress relief
Verdict 037 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 13 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
038 · Ecklonia cava extract x sleep
Verdict 038 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
039 · Arginine x fatigue and vitality
Verdict 039 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
040 · Octacosanol x fatigue and endurance
Verdict 040 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
041 · Propolis x immunity/oral: general immune-function/cold-prevention claims and oral antibacterial/gum/plaque claims evaluated separately
Verdict 041 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
042 · Zinc x immunity and common cold
Verdict 042 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
043 · High-dose vitamin C x cold prevention and anticancer claims (cold occurrence prevention, cold treatment/duration shortening, cancer prevention, cancer treatment/adjuvant therapy separated by efficacy)
Verdict 043 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 16 cited sources
Cold prevention had RR 0.97 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.00) and total cancer incidence had RR 1.11 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.30), but the compound claim spanning cold duration and oral and intravenous cancer treatment has neither a single repeated refutation nor a pooled confidence interval. Because the confidence intervals do not exclude clinically meaningful benefit, the grade is D with 30 points, not F.
044 · Heat-killed lactic acid bacteria x superiority claim that they are clinically better than live probiotics
Verdict 044 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 4 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
045 · Chondroitin x claims for joint and cartilage health, improvement of osteoarthritis pain and function, and maintenance of joint space
Verdict 045 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 9 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
046 · Spirulina and chlorella x detoxification and immunity
Verdict 046 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 9 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
047 · Noni x anti-inflammatory and cure-all-style claims
Verdict 047 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 12 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
048 · Barley sprout x diet and liver
Verdict 048 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 8 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
049 · ABC juice x stomach health and detoxification
Verdict 049 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 10 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
050 · Iron x fatigue
Verdict 050 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 12 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
051 · Aquaporin x skin moisture
Verdict 051 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 6 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited · based on topical (cosmetic) use · oral use lacks evidence
052 · Ginkgo biloba leaf extract x memory, cognition, and blood circulation
Verdict 052 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 11 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
053 · Complex extract including Cynanchum wilfordii x relief of menopausal symptoms in women
Verdict 053 · Evidence Grade B · 63 · 14 cited sources
There is human evidence, but it has limitations
054 · Red yeast rice x cholesterol improvement
Verdict 054 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 16 cited sources
LDL-C-lowering evidence is strong for standardized preparations, but product variation and safety must be judged separately.
055 · Nattokinase x blood clots and blood circulation
Verdict 055 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
056 · Maca x vitality and male function (sexual desire, erectile function, late-onset hypogonadism symptoms, sperm parameters)
Verdict 056 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 10 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
057 · Evening primrose oil x PMS (discomfort due to premenstrual changes) and skin (immune hypersensitivity/atopic dermatitis, dryness, itching)
Verdict 057 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 11 cited sources
Participant-rated eczema VAS was MD -2.22 (95% CI -10.48 to 6.04), and physician-rated VAS was -3.26 (-6.96 to 0.45), leaving room for meaningful improvement. A pooled confidence interval for PMS could not be verified. Because the confidence intervals do not exclude clinically meaningful benefit, the grade is D with 25 points, not F.
058 · Cranberry x urinary tract and bladder health: inhibition of harmful bacterial adhesion in the urinary tract and reduced risk of recurrent urinary tract infection
Verdict 058 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 15 cited sources
There is human evidence, but it has limitations
059 · Undenatured type II collagen x joint pain, function, and flexibility
Verdict 059 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 8 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
060 · GABA x stress and sleep
Verdict 060 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 10 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
061 · Phosphatidylserine x cognition, memory, and concentration
Verdict 061 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 10 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
062 · Psyllium husk x smooth bowel movements and improvement of blood cholesterol
Verdict 062 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 15 cited sources
Evidence is relatively strong
063 · Soy isoflavones x menopausal symptoms in women, especially vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes/night sweats
Verdict 063 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 8 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
064 · Curcumin (turmeric, curcumin/turmeric) × anti-inflammatory and joint health
Verdict 064 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
065 · Creatine (creatine monohydrate) × strength and exercise performance
Verdict 065 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is relatively strong.
066 · L-carnitine × body fat and dieting
Verdict 066 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 11 cited sources
Human evidence exists, but it has limitations.
067 · Taurine × fatigue and vitality
Verdict 067 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
068 · B-complex vitamins × fatigue
Verdict 068 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
069 · Calcium (supplement) × bone health, maintenance of bone mineral density, and fracture prevention
Verdict 069 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 15 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
070 · Vitamin E (high-dose alpha-tocopherol; mainly d-alpha or dl-alpha-tocopherol/acetate, including products of 400 IU or higher) × antioxidant and cardiovascular health/cardiovascular disease prevention
Verdict 070 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 12 cited sources
Repeated evidence has confirmed no effect.
071 · Selenium × antioxidant and immune function
Verdict 071 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
072 · Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) × fatigue and stress
Verdict 072 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
073 · Vitamin K2 (MK-7, menaquinone-7) × bone health and vascular calcification/calcium metabolism
Verdict 073 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
074 · Whey protein (WPI/WPC) × muscle and dieting
Verdict 074 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence exists, but it has limitations.
075 · Manuka honey (MGO/UMF) × stomach health, Helicobacter pylori, GERD symptoms, and immunity
Verdict 075 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
076 · Garlic × blood pressure and cholesterol
Verdict 076 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 13 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
077 · Beet × blood pressure and exercise performance
Verdict 077 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 8 cited sources
Human evidence exists, but it has limitations.
078 · Citrulline × exercise performance and blood-flow/nitric-oxide-related support
Verdict 078 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
079 · BCAA × muscle and exercise (muscle mass/strength/exercise performance, post-exercise recovery and muscle soreness)
Verdict 079 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
080 · Glutamine × gut, exercise recovery, and immunity
Verdict 080 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
081 · Chaga mushroom × immune-function enhancement and anticancer/cancer-prevention or adjunct claims
Verdict 081 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
082 · Reishi mushroom × immune function
Verdict 082 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
083 · Cordyceps × vitality, immunity, and exercise
Verdict 083 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
084 · Lion's mane mushroom × cognition, memory, and nerves
Verdict 084 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
085 · Ginger × digestion, anti-inflammatory effects, and nausea
Verdict 085 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 14 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
086 · Aloe × gut health, bowel movements, and skin health
Verdict 086 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
087 · Colostrum × immunity and gut
Verdict 087 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
088 · Bilberry extract (anthocyanins/anthocyanosides) × eye fatigue, eye health, vision/night vision, and dry-eye-related claims
Verdict 088 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
089 · Astaxanthin (astaxanthin, Haematococcus extract) × eye fatigue, skin health, and antioxidant effects
Verdict 089 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
090 · Resveratrol × anti-aging and cardiovascular
Verdict 090 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
091 · Fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae such as sea mustard and kelp) × immune and anticancer claims
Verdict 091 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
092 · Chromium (mainly chromium picolinate) × blood-glucose management and dieting/weight loss
Verdict 092 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
093 · Cinnamon (cinnamon; mainly cassia cinnamon/Ceylon cinnamon and cinnamon extract) × blood glucose
Verdict 093 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 13 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
094 · Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA, alpha-lipoic acid, thioctic acid) × antioxidant, blood glucose, and nerves
Verdict 094 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
095 · Balloon flower root (Platycodon grandiflorus, platycodin/platycodin D-series saponins) × bronchial health, cough, and phlegm
Verdict 095 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
096 · Flaxseed (lignans, flaxseed) × menopausal symptoms (hot flashes/night sweats), gut health (constipation/bowel movements), cholesterol (LDL/total cholesterol)
Verdict 096 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 15 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
097 · Tart cherry (Montmorency, Prunus cerasus) × improving sleep quality/sleep duration and post-exercise muscle recovery
Verdict 097 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
098 · NAC (N-acetylcysteine) × liver, respiratory health, and antioxidant effects
Verdict 098 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 14 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
099 · Kimchi-derived probiotics (plant-derived lactic acid bacteria) × gut health
Verdict 099 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
100 · Melatonin × sleep
Verdict 100 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 13 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
1000 · Pomegranate juice or concentrate x improved erectile function and IIEF in mild to moderate erectile dysfunction
Verdict 1000 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
A small trial found neither IIEF nor subjective erectile improvement significantly better than placebo, so treatment efficacy is unproven
1001 · Moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution x clinical cure and bacterial eradication in bacterial conjunctivitis
Verdict 1001 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 4 cited sources
Moxifloxacin can accelerate recovery and eradicate bacteria in bacterial conjunctivitis, but many cases resolve spontaneously, making correct diagnosis and limited-duration use important
1002 · Dapagliflozin x reduced kidney composite events in albuminuric chronic kidney disease
Verdict 1002 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 4 cited sources
Dapagliflozin substantially reduces kidney failure progression and kidney or cardiovascular events in high-risk albuminuric chronic kidney disease, while safety requires separate management
1003 · Does estazolam improve short-term sleep in adults with insomnia?
Verdict 1003 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 4 cited sources
Estazolam can improve some short-term sleep symptoms, but objective and long-term evidence is limited, and its safety burden is a separate issue.
1004 · Does adjunctive aripiprazole improve major depressive disorder with inadequate antidepressant response?
Verdict 1004 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 4 cited sources
Short-term antidepressant efficacy of adjunctive aripiprazole is consistent, but average effect, long-term evidence, and safety burden require balanced interpretation.
1005 · Does human albumin reduce renal impairment and in-hospital mortality in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Verdict 1005 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
Albumin added to antibiotics has a large renal and mortality benefit in high-risk SBP, but evidence-volume limits support a high-B verdict.
1006 · Vitamin D3 x improved OSDI, tear-film stability, and tear secretion in deficiency-associated dry eye
Verdict 1006 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Vitamin D may have an adjunctive effect in deficiency-associated dry eye, but the evidence is not strong enough to replace standard care
1007 · Colchicine x treatment-level improvement in knee osteoarthritis pain, stiffness, and physical function
Verdict 1007 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 3 cited sources
Colchicine is useful in other diseases, but repeated trials do not show relief of knee osteoarthritis pain or improvement in function
1008 · Coenzyme Q10 x reduced facial wrinkles and fine lines and improved skin smoothness after 12 weeks
Verdict 1008 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
Selected wrinkles and smoothness improved in one small formulation-specific trial, but the finding is not yet definitive
1009 · Inositol x reduced BMI and waist circumference for weight management
Verdict 1009 · Evidence Grade D · 38 · 2 cited sources
The positive pooled BMI estimate was confined to poor-quality trials, while reliable trials were null and did not establish weight-management benefit
101 · Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) × sleep and anxiety
Verdict 101 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
1010 · Liquid chlorophyll x increased everyday energy and fatigue recovery
Verdict 1010 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No human efficacy literature directly tests everyday energy or fatigue recovery, so the effect cannot yet be graded
1011 · Febuxostat x urate target, long-term flare reduction, and tophus reduction in recurrent gout
Verdict 1011 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 5 cited sources
Febuxostat lowers urate effectively, but fewer flares and tophi require prolonged target maintenance and initiation prophylaxis
1012 · OROS methylphenidate x reduction of core ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents
Verdict 1012 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
OROS methylphenidate reduces core ADHD symptoms short term, while growth, sleep, misuse, and long-term function still require monitoring
1013 · Bupropion XL x symptoms, response, remission, and relapse prevention in adult major depressive disorder
Verdict 1013 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Bupropion XL improves depressive symptoms, response, and remission and can help maintain response, while seizure risk and early activation require caution
1014 · Insulin lispro x mealtime glucose, HbA1c, and hypoglycemia control in type 1 diabetes
Verdict 1014 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 3 cited sources
Lispro improves postprandial control and meal timing, while comparative HbA1c benefit is small and hypoglycemia remains the central risk
1015 · Avanafil x improved IIEF, penetration, and intercourse success in erectile dysfunction
Verdict 1015 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Avanafil improves erectile function, penetration, and intercourse success, while nitrate contraindication and vision and priapism warnings remain essential
1016 · Live multistrain probiotics x improved liver fat, enzymes, and stiffness in MASLD or NAFLD
Verdict 1016 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Liver enzymes and some imaging measures may improve, but products differ and long-term liver outcomes are unknown
1017 · Sildenafil x improved cycling performance at sea level or moderate altitude in healthy exercisers
Verdict 1017 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Changes in blood flow and oxygen measures generally do not translate into faster cycling at sea level or moderate altitude
1018 · SAMe x reduced death or liver transplantation in alcoholic cirrhosis
Verdict 1018 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 3 cited sources
The overall reduction in death or transplantation was nonsignificant, with only a less-advanced-disease subgroup leaving a possibility signal
1019 · Citicoline x increased 90-day recovery after moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke
Verdict 1019 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 2 cited sources
The large ICTUS trial and the full randomized evidence found no increase in 90-day independence or neurological recovery
102 · Saffron (Crocus sativus) × depression and mood
Verdict 102 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
1020 · Royal jelly x slowed biological aging and extended healthspan or lifespan in healthy adults
Verdict 1020 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Animal longevity signals exist, but no study has tested human biological aging, healthspan, or lifespan
1021 · Ferric carboxymaltose x symptom and functional improvement in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency
Verdict 1021 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 4 cited sources
Ferric carboxymaltose can improve fatigue and function in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency, but reductions in hospitalization and cardiovascular death are not established
1022 · Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab x longer overall and progression-free survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Verdict 1022 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
The regimen prolongs survival versus sorafenib in selected systemic-treatment-naive unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, but bleeding, varices, and immune toxicity require active management
1023 · Pyridostigmine bromide x relief of fluctuating weakness and fatigability in myasthenia gravis
Verdict 1023 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 3 cited sources
Pyridostigmine is first-line symptomatic therapy with short-term benefit confirmed in a Class I crossover trial, but the small study cannot be extended beyond acetylcholine-receptor-antibody-positive current users
1024 · Zaleplon x short-term reduction in objective sleep-onset latency in adults with sleep-onset insomnia
Verdict 1024 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 3 cited sources
Zaleplon modestly shortens time to sleep in adult sleep-onset insomnia but does not consistently provide all-night maintenance or longer total sleep
1025 · Quetiapine fumarate x eight-week symptom, response, and remission improvement in acute bipolar I or II depression
Verdict 1025 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Quetiapine improves eight-week symptoms, response, and remission in adult acute bipolar I or II depression, but metabolic and sedative burdens require active monitoring
1026 · Saffron extract x reduced core ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents
Verdict 1026 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
A short-term core-symptom signal exists, but evidence is not sufficient to replace standard ADHD treatment
1027 · Deer velvet antler powder x increased testosterone and sexual function in healthy middle-aged men
Verdict 1027 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The direct study in healthy middle-aged men did not show improved testosterone or sexual function
1028 · Cranberry PAC x antibiotic-replacing treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women
Verdict 1028 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 5 cited sources
Unlike recurrence prevention, evidence does not support cranberry as an antibiotic-replacing cure for cystitis that is already present
1029 · Coenzyme Q10 x delayed functional decline and progression in early Parkinson disease
Verdict 1029 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 4 cited sources
Even a high-dose definitive phase III trial failed to slow functional decline or progression in early Parkinson disease
103 · St. John's wort (St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum) × depression
Verdict 103 · Evidence Grade A · 82 · 15 cited sources
The evidence is comparatively strong
1030 · Batana oil x hair regrowth and reversal of androgenetic alopecia
Verdict 1030 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Batana oil may condition hair, but no clinical trial has tested regrowth in androgenetic alopecia
1031 · Metformin x reduction of HbA1c and fasting glucose in adults with type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1031 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 6 cited sources
Metformin reliably lowers HbA1c and fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes, but cardiovascular and weight effects cannot be generalized with equal certainty
1032 · Ferrous sulfate x relief of nighttime restless legs symptoms with low ferritin
Verdict 1032 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 6 cited sources
Ferrous sulfate can reduce nighttime RLS symptoms when ferritin is low, but it cannot be generalized to every case of RLS or insomnia without iron testing
1033 · Ursodeoxycholic acid x dissolution of small noncalcified cholesterol gallstones in a functioning gallbladder
Verdict 1033 · Evidence Grade B · 63 · 5 cited sources
UDCA can dissolve small noncalcified cholesterol stones in a functioning gallbladder, but eligibility is narrow, treatment is slow, and recurrence is common
1034 · Mefenamic acid x reduced pain and rescue analgesia in primary dysmenorrhea
Verdict 1034 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 5 cited sources
Mefenamic acid reduces pain and additional analgesic use in primary dysmenorrhea, but it is not proven superior or safer than other NSAIDs
1035 · Ivermectin x mite clearance and clinical cure of classic scabies
Verdict 1035 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 6 cited sources
Oral ivermectin treats classic scabies, but it usually requires two doses and produced lower cure than permethrin in the latest large trial
1036 · Saffron extract x reduced snacking and appetite with modest weight loss in overweight women
Verdict 1036 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
A small trial found less snacking and modest weight loss, but the overall weight evidence is weak
1037 · Coffee x prevention of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma through long-term consumption
Verdict 1037 · Evidence Grade D · 33 · 3 cited sources
Coffee drinkers have less cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, but causal prevention has not been established
1038 · Low-dose aspirin x increased live birth in unexplained recurrent miscarriage without antiphospholipid syndrome
Verdict 1038 · Evidence Grade F · 15 · 6 cited sources
Low-dose aspirin did not increase live birth in unexplained recurrent miscarriage
1039 · Vitamin D3 x increased total and free testosterone and improved sexual function in healthy men
Verdict 1039 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 4 cited sources
Correcting vitamin D deficiency may be appropriate, but vitamin D3 is not established as a testosterone or sexual-function booster in healthy men
104 · Glucomannan (konjac) x weight loss and satiety
Verdict 104 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
1040 · Creatine monohydrate x slowed biological aging and extended healthspan or lifespan in healthy adults
Verdict 1040 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Strength and function are well studied, but human aging rate, healthspan, and lifespan have not been tested
1041 · Tamoxifen x reduced recurrence and breast-cancer mortality in estrogen-receptor-positive early breast cancer
Verdict 1041 · Evidence Grade A · 96 · 3 cited sources
Tamoxifen reduces recurrence and breast-cancer mortality in estrogen-receptor-positive early disease, while uterine and thrombotic risks require active management
1042 · Rimegepant x two-hour freedom from pain and the most bothersome symptom in acute migraine
Verdict 1042 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Rimegepant increases the chance of two-hour freedom from pain and associated symptoms in acute migraine, but the absolute gain in complete pain freedom is incremental
1043 · Methotrexate x first-line disease control and inhibition of joint damage in disease-modifying-antirheumatic-drug-naive rheumatoid arthritis
Verdict 1043 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 5 cited sources
Methotrexate is the anchor first-line disease-modifying drug for rheumatoid arthritis, but once-weekly dosing and close toxicity monitoring are essential
1044 · Mirabegron x reduced urinary frequency, urgency, and urgency urinary incontinence in overactive bladder
Verdict 1044 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 4 cited sources
Mirabegron reduces overactive-bladder symptoms on average, but benefit is incremental and blood pressure, retention, and interactions require review
1045 · Brinzolamide 1% x lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Verdict 1045 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 5 cited sources
Brinzolamide lowers pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, but visual-field and optic-nerve preservation require separate longitudinal monitoring
1046 · High-bioavailability curcumin x improved memory and attention in adults without dementia
Verdict 1046 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
A positive human signal exists, but one small Theracurmin trial does not establish a definitive memory benefit
1047 · Omega-3 EPA and DHA x primary prevention of new type 2 diabetes in adults
Verdict 1047 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Omega-3 may affect some metabolic markers, but it did not reduce new diagnoses of type 2 diabetes
1048 · Selenium x primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults
Verdict 1048 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
Despite its antioxidant role, selenium supplementation did not reduce first cardiovascular events or cardiovascular death
1049 · Hydroxychloroquine x improved pain and function in hand osteoarthritis
Verdict 1049 · Evidence Grade F · 6 · 6 cited sources
Pain and function benefits were repeatedly refuted in hand osteoarthritis, and the professional guideline strongly recommends against use
105 · Chitosan, including chitosan derivatives/polyglucosamine x fat absorption inhibition and body fat/body weight reduction
Verdict 105 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1050 · Glucose-electrolyte drink mix x improved everyday fatigue and energy without dehydration or exercise
Verdict 1050 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
No human efficacy trial shows that an electrolyte mix improves fatigue or energy during ordinary life without dehydration or exercise
1051 · Vedolizumab x induction of response and maintenance of remission in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
Verdict 1051 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
Vedolizumab increases response and remission in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis inadequately controlled by prior therapy, but it does not cure every patient
1052 · Dorzolamide 2% x lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Verdict 1052 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 3 cited sources
Dorzolamide lowers pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, but visual-field and optic-nerve preservation require separate longitudinal monitoring
1053 · Gliclazide modified release x lower HbA1c in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1053 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Gliclazide MR lowers HbA1c in type 2 diabetes, but hypoglycemia risk and long-term cardiovascular and kidney strategy require separate decisions
1054 · Intravenous N-acetylcysteine x prevention or mitigation of hepatotoxicity after acute acetaminophen overdose
Verdict 1054 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Intravenous acetylcysteine is the standard antidote for acetaminophen overdose, with the greatest hepatic protection when started promptly in hospital
1055 · Enzalutamide x prolonged overall survival after docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Verdict 1055 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 3 cited sources
Enzalutamide prolongs overall survival after docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, with toxicity and treatment sequencing managed by specialists
1056 · Paroxetine x reduced panic attacks and anticipatory anxiety and panic-free status in adult panic disorder
Verdict 1056 · Evidence Grade B · 69 · 5 cited sources
Evidence supports fewer panic attacks and panic-free status, but it does not establish reliable relief of anticipatory anxiety
1057 · Spirulina x improved aerobic endurance and time to exhaustion in healthy exercisers
Verdict 1057 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 5 cited sources
A small time-to-exhaustion signal has not been reliably reproduced in later performance trials
1058 · High-dose vitamins C and E x additional muscle-mass and strength gains in healthy resistance exercisers
Verdict 1058 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 5 cited sources
High-dose vitamins C and E do not add muscle mass or strength in healthy exercisers and may attenuate selected adaptations
1059 · Folic acid plus vitamins B6 and B12 x prevention of new depression in middle-aged and older women
Verdict 1059 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 3 cited sources
The combination lowered homocysteine but did not prevent new depression in middle-aged and older women
106 · Green coffee (chlorogenic acids; green coffee bean extract/chlorogenic acid) x weight loss and body weight/body fat reduction
Verdict 106 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1060 · Liquid sodium copper chlorophyllin x appetite suppression and weight and body-fat loss without lifestyle changes
Verdict 1060 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
The known weight study tested a different spinach-thylakoid product, while liquid sodium copper chlorophyllin itself has no human efficacy trial for this claim
1061 · Tirzepatide x improvement of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity
Verdict 1061 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Tirzepatide substantially lowers AHI and hypoxic burden in obesity-related moderate-to-severe OSA, but long-term clinical-event reduction remains unknown
1062 · Travoprost 0.004% x intraocular-pressure reduction in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Verdict 1062 · Evidence Grade B · 65 · 3 cited sources
Travoprost reliably lowers intraocular pressure, while preservation of vision still requires long-term monitoring
1063 · Etoricoxib 30 mg x pain and function improvement in knee or hip osteoarthritis
Verdict 1063 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Etoricoxib improves knee or hip osteoarthritis pain and function but does not modify the disease and requires individualized risk assessment
1064 · Low-dose aspirin x prevention of preterm preeclampsia in high-risk pregnancy
Verdict 1064 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 3 cited sources
In high-risk pregnancy, clinician-directed low-dose aspirin started at the appropriate time reliably reduces preterm preeclampsia
1065 · Brotizolam 0.25 mg x short-term sleep improvement in adults with severe insomnia
Verdict 1065 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 4 cited sources
Brotizolam improves severe insomnia over the short term but should be brief because of dependence, withdrawal, and next-day impairment
1066 · Topical 5% niacinamide x improved appearance of facial photoaging
Verdict 1066 · Evidence Grade C · 51 · 3 cited sources
Topical 5% niacinamide has a 12-week appearance signal, but the evidence is small and lacks independent replication
1067 · Taurine alone x longer time to exhaustion and improved endurance performance
Verdict 1067 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 5 cited sources
Taurine has a small positive endurance signal, but results are heterogeneous and certainty is low
1068 · Nicotinamide riboside x improved insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose metabolism
Verdict 1068 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
NR raises NAD+ metabolites but did not improve insulin sensitivity or glucose metabolism in adults with obesity and insulin resistance
1069 · Vitamin D3 x improved pain, function, and cartilage loss in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1069 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 5 cited sources
Vitamin D3 raised serum levels but did not improve pain, function, or cartilage loss in knee osteoarthritis
107 · Oat beta-glucan x blood cholesterol improvement (LDL-C and total cholesterol)
Verdict 107 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is relatively strong.
1070 · Mushroom coffee x more sustained energy and less fatigue than equal-caffeine coffee
Verdict 1070 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No human comparison shows that mushroom coffee provides more sustained energy or less fatigue than regular coffee with the same caffeine content
1071 · Dioctahedral smectite x shorter recovery time from acute watery diarrhea in adults
Verdict 1071 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
The initial positive recovery result was not replicated in the larger ADIASE trial, and diosmectite does not replace fluid and electrolyte replacement
1072 · Levofloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution x clinical cure and bacterial eradication in bacterial conjunctivitis
Verdict 1072 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Levofloxacin can accelerate clinical recovery and bacterial eradication in bacterial conjunctivitis, but many cases resolve spontaneously, making correct diagnosis and limited-duration use important
1073 · Fezolinetant x reduced moderate-to-severe menopausal hot flashes and night sweats
Verdict 1073 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 4 cited sources
Fezolinetant reduces hot flashes and night sweats on average, but an East Asian trial was negative and scheduled liver monitoring is essential
1074 · Mirtazapine x improved symptoms, response, and remission in adult major depressive disorder
Verdict 1074 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Mirtazapine improves symptoms, response, and remission in adult major depressive disorder, but sedation and weight gain must be considered
1075 · Tirzepatide x heart-failure events and health status in HFpEF with obesity
Verdict 1075 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 3 cited sources
Tirzepatide improves worsening-heart-failure risk and health status in HFpEF with obesity, but reduced cardiovascular mortality has not been established
1076 · Resveratrol x improved maximal oxygen uptake, aerobic performance, and training response
Verdict 1076 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Exercise-performance enhancement is unproven, and some trials found blunted training adaptation
1077 · Omega-3 EPA and DHA x clinically meaningful weight and body-fat reduction
Verdict 1077 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 5 cited sources
Pooled evidence found no weight-loss effect, and body-fat findings are inconsistent
1078 · High-dose vitamin E 400 IU x primary prevention of prostate cancer
Verdict 1078 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 4 cited sources
SELECT reported a prostate-cancer HR of 1.17 (99% CI 1.004 to 1.36), but reports at different time points from the same trial are not independent replications. Across six randomized trials, RR was 0.88 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.08), leaving room for a 29% risk reduction. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 25 points, not F.
1079 · Castor-oil liver pack x liver detoxification, liver enzymes, and fatty liver
Verdict 1079 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
No human trial shows that a topical castor-oil pack detoxifies the liver or improves liver enzymes or fatty liver
108 · Lactoferrin x immune function, iron, and gut health
Verdict 108 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1080 · Bone-broth protein x leaky gut, intestinal permeability, and barrier repair
Verdict 1080 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
No direct clinical trial shows that bone-broth protein improves human intestinal permeability or repairs the gut barrier
1081 · 4CMenB/Bexsero x prevention of invasive meningococcal group B disease
Verdict 1081 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
4CMenB substantially reduces invasive group B disease in real-world programs but does not completely block every strain or provide lifelong protection
1082 · Rivastigmine transdermal patch x symptomatic attenuation of cognitive and daily-function decline in Alzheimer's disease
Verdict 1082 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
The rivastigmine patch can modestly slow Alzheimer's symptoms but does not alter the cause or long-term course of the disease
1083 · Alprazolam x short-term reduction of panic attacks and anticipatory anxiety in adult panic disorder
Verdict 1083 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 3 cited sources
Alprazolam rapidly reduces panic attacks in the short term, but dependence and withdrawal require a long-term recovery strategy and a supervised taper
1084 · Glimepiride x reduction of fasting and postprandial glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1084 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Glimepiride effectively lowers glucose and HbA1c but causes hypoglycemia and weight gain and is not separately proven to protect the heart or kidneys
1085 · Allopurinol x target urate maintenance and long-term reduction of flares and tophi in recurrent or tophaceous gout
Verdict 1085 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Allopurinol titrated consistently to target urate reduces long-term flares and tophi, but early flares and rare severe hypersensitivity require active management
1086 · Contractubex gel x superior scar improvement and prevention versus other topical treatments
Verdict 1086 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 2 cited sources
The central claim of superiority over other topical treatments was repeatedly and directly contradicted and is rated F; some improvement versus no treatment remains a separate C subclaim
1087 · Melatonin x reduced weight, body mass index, and waist circumference in adults with overweight or obesity
Verdict 1087 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 4 cited sources
Some studies reduced weight or body mass index, but results were highly inconsistent and waist reduction was not reproduced
1088 · 100% coconut water x superior postexercise rehydration and endurance recovery versus water or sports drinks
Verdict 1088 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Coconut water can replace fluid, but evidence does not show better rehydration or endurance recovery than water or sports drinks
1089 · Magnesium L-threonate x improved deep sleep, rapid-eye-movement sleep, and daytime function
Verdict 1089 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
An early positive trial exists, but objective sleep was null in the follow-up trial and all evidence is tied to industry-funded tests of the same branded ingredient
109 · Inositol (myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol) x PCOS, mood, and blood glucose
Verdict 109 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1090 · Liposomal reduced glutathione x slower biological aging and longer healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 1090 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Absorption and antioxidant markers have been studied, but no human trial has tested actual aging rate, healthspan, or lifespan
1091 · Topiramate x reduced monthly attack frequency and prevention of migraine in adults
Verdict 1091 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Topiramate has solid evidence for reducing adult migraine frequency, but slow titration and separate management of cognitive and pregnancy risks are essential
1092 · Ferric carboxymaltose x improved nighttime symptoms and sleep in adults with iron-deficient restless legs syndrome
Verdict 1092 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 4 cited sources
Ferric carboxymaltose can improve symptoms in iron-deficient RLS, but sleep benefit is uncertain and hypophosphatemia and infusion reactions require separate management
1093 · Clomiphene citrate x increased ovulation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth in PCOS-related anovulatory infertility
Verdict 1093 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Clomiphene increases live birth in PCOS-related anovulatory infertility, but success is lower than with letrozole and multiple pregnancy and visual symptoms require management
1094 · Abiraterone acetate x prolonged overall survival in high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer
Verdict 1094 · Evidence Grade A · 94 · 3 cited sources
Combined with ADT and a low-dose glucocorticoid, abiraterone substantially prolongs survival in high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer, but blood pressure, potassium, and liver monitoring are essential
1095 · Canagliflozin x reduced kidney and cardiovascular events in albuminuric type 2 diabetic chronic kidney disease
Verdict 1095 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 3 cited sources
Canagliflozin clearly reduces kidney failure and cardiovascular events in albuminuric type 2 diabetic CKD, but infection, ketoacidosis, and volume-depletion risks require management
1096 · Adapalene 0.3% x improvement of wrinkles, pigmentation, and texture in photoaged skin
Verdict 1096 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Adapalene 0.3% has a signal for improving photoaging wrinkles and pigmentation, but independent vehicle-controlled evidence is sparse and irritation requires management
1097 · Creatine monohydrate x increased testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in healthy men
Verdict 1097 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
For DHT, one positive 20-participant trial conflicts with one null 38-participant trial, and no claim-specific pooled confidence interval for testosterone or DHT could be verified. The 2025 study was not an equivalence trial designed to exclude a meaningful increase. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 30 points, not F.
1098 · Selenium x prevention of cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, and dementia in cognitively normal older adults
Verdict 1098 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Unlike deficiency correction, extra selenium in adequately nourished older adults failed to prevent dementia in a large trial
1099 · DHEA x improved IVF or ICSI live-birth rate in women with diminished ovarian reserve or poor response
Verdict 1099 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 3 cited sources
Despite optimism from observational studies, a large randomized trial and updated syntheses show no increase in IVF live birth with DHEA
110 · Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) x fatigue and anemia
Verdict 110 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1100 · Oral sodium copper chlorophyllin x reduced acne lesions and skin cleansing
Verdict 1100 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
A small topical study cannot establish the effect of ingested liquid or capsules, and no human oral acne efficacy trial was found
1101 · Ropinirole x short-term nighttime symptoms, sleep, and quality of life in primary restless legs syndrome
Verdict 1101 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 3 cited sources
Ropinirole reduces restless legs symptoms in the short term, but augmentation can worsen them over time and argues against routine first-line use
1102 · Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir x SVR12 after 12 weeks in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C genotype 1
Verdict 1102 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
Twelve weeks produces virologic cure in most treatment-naive genotype 1 infections, while interactions and liver follow-up remain separate concerns
1103 · Hydroxychloroquine x symptoms, function, and disease activity in DMARD-naive low-activity early rheumatoid arthritis
Verdict 1103 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 4 cited sources
Hydroxychloroquine provides moderate benefit in low-activity early rheumatoid arthritis, while more active disease usually needs a stronger DMARD strategy
1104 · Intravitreal bevacizumab x vision and macular thickness in center-involved diabetic macular edema
Verdict 1104 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Bevacizumab improves vision and edema in center-involved diabetic macular edema, but aflibercept may work better when baseline vision is poor
1105 · Ashwagandha root extract x strength and VO2max in healthy adults performing resistance training
Verdict 1105 · Evidence Grade C · 53 · 5 cited sources
Strength and VO2max may improve modestly alongside training, but the evidence is not stable enough to assume the same effect across products
1106 · Vitamin D3 x reduction of body weight, body mass index, and body fat in adults with overweight or obesity
Verdict 1106 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
Vitamin D deficiency may require correction, but large randomized evidence does not support D3 for reducing weight, body mass index, or body fat
1107 · Lutein and zeaxanthin x prevention of age-related cataract progression, vision loss, and surgery
Verdict 1107 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
Lutein and zeaxanthin did not prevent overall cataract surgery or moderate vision loss in AREDS2, leaving only a signal in the lowest dietary-intake subgroup
1108 · Resveratrol x improvement of liver fat, liver enzymes, and histology in fatty liver disease
Verdict 1108 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Randomized syntheses do not support resveratrol for improving liver fat or liver enzymes in fatty liver disease, and histologic benefit remains unconfirmed
1109 · Somatropin x reversal of aging, functional rejuvenation, and longer healthspan in healthy older adults
Verdict 1109 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 4 cited sources
Functional benefits were generally null in an older-adult randomized trial and 18 trial populations, but a pooled confidence interval for strength, endurance, or daily function could not be verified. Health span and lifespan were not directly measured. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 25 points, not F.
111 · Choline x liver health/fatty liver and cognition/memory
Verdict 111 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1110 · Irish sea moss x beneficial gut bacteria and improvement of constipation, bloating, and irritable bowel syndrome
Verdict 1110 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Sea moss has only rat evidence for gut microbiome effects and no human trial for constipation, bloating, or irritable bowel syndrome, while iodine, heavy metals, and carrageenan variability require caution
1111 · Rotigotine x reduced nighttime symptoms, periodic limb movements, and sleep disturbance in moderate-to-severe primary restless legs syndrome
Verdict 1111 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Rotigotine reduces short-term nighttime symptoms and limb movements, but augmentation must be monitored during longer use
1112 · Insulin aspart x improved postprandial glucose and HbA1c in type 1 diabetes
Verdict 1112 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 4 cited sources
Insulin aspart modestly improves postprandial glucose and HbA1c, but the verdict is based on glycemic surrogates rather than long-term clinical events
1113 · Etanercept x improved disease activity, function, and radiographic structural progression after inadequate methotrexate response in active rheumatoid arthritis
Verdict 1113 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Adding etanercept to methotrexate improves symptoms, function, and radiographic progression, but infection risk and alternative strategies still matter
1114 · Apalutamide x prolonged overall and radiographic progression-free survival in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer
Verdict 1114 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Adding apalutamide to ADT reduces radiographic progression and death, while rash, falls, fractures, and interactions still require management
1115 · Alpha-lipoic acid x reduced body weight and BMI in adults with overweight or obesity
Verdict 1115 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 4 cited sources
Weight and BMI fall slightly on average, but the effect is small and product and dose variation prevent it from replacing established weight-loss care
1116 · Bovine colostrum x improved endurance, strength, power, and postexercise recovery in athletes
Verdict 1116 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Bovine colostrum has positive signals for selected endurance, power, or recovery measures, but heterogeneous results and products do not establish broad athletic improvement
1117 · Low-dose naltrexone x improved fatigue and daily functioning in long COVID
Verdict 1117 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Low-dose naltrexone has pre-post signals for long-COVID fatigue and function, but no randomized controlled trial has yet established efficacy
1118 · Propranolol x sustained treatment of core symptoms in panic and social anxiety disorders
Verdict 1118 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
Propranolol may reduce tremor and palpitations, but evidence does not establish sustained treatment of core symptoms in panic or social anxiety disorder
1119 · Virgin coconut oil x lower LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular-disease prevention
Verdict 1119 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
LDL results conflict by comparator: +10.47 mg/dL (95% CI 3.01 to 17.94) versus unsaturated vegetable oils, but pooled MD -1.67 (-6.93 to 3.59) across multiple comparator oils. The cardiovascular-events trial had only two events versus two, and its confidence interval could not be verified. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 30 points, not F.
112 · Pycnogenol x antioxidant, vascular, and skin effects
Verdict 112 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1120 · Apple cider vinegar x improved liver fat, alanine aminotransferase, and fibrosis in fatty liver disease
Verdict 1120 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
No direct human trial shows that apple cider vinegar improves liver fat, alanine aminotransferase, or fibrosis in fatty liver disease, and liver detoxification is not a validated clinical endpoint
1121 · Darolutamide x prolonged overall survival in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Verdict 1121 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Adding darolutamide to ADT and docetaxel prolongs overall survival in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
1122 · Durvalumab x prolonged overall survival in first-line advanced biliary tract cancer
Verdict 1122 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Adding durvalumab to gemcitabine and cisplatin modestly prolongs overall survival in first-line advanced biliary tract cancer
1123 · Ribociclib x prolonged first-line overall survival in HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer
Verdict 1123 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
First-line ribociclib plus letrozole prolongs overall survival in postmenopausal HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer
1124 · Bazedoxifene x prevention of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Verdict 1124 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Bazedoxifene reduces new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis, but hip and nonvertebral fracture prevention are not established
1125 · Paliperidone palmitate x delayed relapse and related hospitalization in stabilized schizophrenia
Verdict 1125 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Once-monthly paliperidone palmitate delays relapse in stabilized schizophrenia, while hospitalization evidence requires composite-endpoint context
1126 · High-dose inactivated influenza vaccine x additional prevention of confirmed influenza in older adults
Verdict 1126 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 4 cited sources
High dose prevents additional confirmed influenza versus standard dose in older adults, although the absolute incremental benefit can be small and seasonal
1127 · Saffron extract x intraocular-pressure reduction and progression inhibition in primary open-angle glaucoma
Verdict 1127 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
A small randomized placebo-controlled trial supports C with 40 points for a short-term pressure signal, while visual-field preservation, optic-nerve structure, and progression inhibition each remain ? because direct human evidence is absent
1128 · Sleep mouth tape x treatment of snoring and sleep apnea with better sleep quality
Verdict 1128 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 3 cited sources
Selected mouth-breathers show limited signals, but mouth tape is not a proven stand-alone treatment for snoring or apnea and can be risky with nasal obstruction
1129 · Transdermal testosterone gel x prevention of clinical fractures in men with low testosterone
Verdict 1129 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 4 cited sources
Bone density can improve, but the large direct trial found no reduction and instead an increase in actual clinical fractures
113 · Grape seed extract x antioxidant, vascular, and edema effects
Verdict 113 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1130 · Oral egg-white ovalbumin x immediate fatigue recovery, vitality, and serum albumin in healthy adults
Verdict 1130 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Egg-white protein is a nutrient source, but no direct trial shows immediate fatigue recovery or increased serum albumin in well-nourished consumers
1131 · Pioglitazone x prevention of recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction after stroke or TIA in insulin-resistant adults without diabetes
Verdict 1131 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
Pioglitazone reduces vascular events in selected insulin-resistant stroke or TIA survivors without diabetes, but weight, edema, and fracture risks must be weighed separately
1132 · Vonoprazan plus amoxicillin dual therapy x first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication
Verdict 1132 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Vonoprazan plus amoxicillin directly eradicates first-line Helicobacter infection, but regional cure rates, adherence, and penicillin safety remain decisive
1133 · Mirvetuximab soravtansine x prolonged overall survival in folate receptor alpha-high platinum-resistant ovarian cancer
Verdict 1133 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Mirvetuximab prolongs survival over chemotherapy in folate receptor alpha-high platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, with ocular monitoring central to safe use
1134 · Lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan x prolonged overall survival in post-treatment PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Verdict 1134 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan clearly prolongs survival in post-treatment PSMA-positive prostate cancer, with marrow, renal, and radiation-safety management essential
1135 · Tibolone x prevention of new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in older postmenopausal women
Verdict 1135 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Tibolone reduces vertebral and nonvertebral fractures, but increased stroke in older women substantially limits net benefit
1136 · Gabapentin x relief of nocturnal symptoms, periodic movements, and sleep disturbance in adult restless legs syndrome
Verdict 1136 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
Direct signals support RLS symptom and sleep relief, but small trials and symptom-centered outcomes limit the grade to C
1137 · D-allulose x reduction of body weight and fat mass in overweight adults
Verdict 1137 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Replacing sugar can lower calories, but a sustained intrinsic weight- or fat-loss effect of allulose has not been reproduced
1138 · Pickle juice x immediate relief and recurrence prevention of exercise muscle cramps
Verdict 1138 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
One electrically induced cramp experiment is intriguing but does not prove treatment or recurrence prevention during real exercise
1139 · Amantadine sulfate x improvement of chronic fatigue and daily function in multiple sclerosis
Verdict 1139 · Evidence Grade F · 16 · 3 cited sources
Despite common off-label use, the largest modern trial and latest direct synthesis show no MS-fatigue benefit and more insomnia or adverse events
114 · Quercetin x allergy, antioxidant, and immune effects
Verdict 114 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1140 · Fermented rice water x stopping androgenetic alopecia and regrowing hair
Verdict 1140 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Research on rice-bran extracts and cosmetic hair feel is not evidence that fermented rice water itself stops hair loss or regrows hair
1141 · Liraglutide 3.0 mg x delayed type 2 diabetes onset in adults with obesity and prediabetes
Verdict 1141 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Liraglutide delays diabetes onset during treatment in adults with obesity and prediabetes, but persistence after stopping is unproven
1142 · Clozapine x prevention of suicidal behavior in high-risk schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
Verdict 1142 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Clozapine reduces suicide attempts and preventive hospitalization in high-risk schizophrenia-spectrum illness but requires strict safety monitoring
1143 · Ferric carboxymaltose x reduced rehospitalization after stabilization from iron-deficient acute heart failure
Verdict 1143 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
There is a rehospitalization signal after stabilization from acute heart failure, but the failed primary composite prevents a confirmatory verdict
1144 · Quadrivalent HPV vaccine x prevention of external genital lesions and genital warts in males aged 16 to 26 years
Verdict 1144 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Vaccination before exposure strongly prevents vaccine-type genital lesions and warts in young males but does not treat existing infection
1145 · Tranexamic acid x reduced bleeding death when given within three hours for postpartum hemorrhage
Verdict 1145 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Given as soon as possible within three hours of birth, tranexamic acid reduces bleeding death in clinically diagnosed postpartum hemorrhage
1146 · Semaglutide 2.4 mg x histologic improvement in F2-F3 MASH
Verdict 1146 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Semaglutide improves biopsy findings in F2-F3 MASH, but prevention of cirrhosis, transplantation, and liver death remains unconfirmed
1147 · Valacyclovir x prevention of recurrent keratitis and iritis after herpes zoster ophthalmicus
Verdict 1147 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
One-year suppression failed its 12-month primary endpoint but showed promising signals at 18 months and for multiple recurrences
1148 · Melatonin x delirium prevention in older inpatients and mechanically ventilated patients
Verdict 1148 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 4 cited sources
Helping sleep and preventing delirium are different claims, and direct trials in the target populations were repeatedly null
1149 · Omega-3 EPA and DHA x slower aging on DNA methylation clocks
Verdict 1149 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
A small change in selected epigenetic clocks is not the same as rejuvenation or a longer healthy life
115 · Bromelain x digestive support and relief of inflammation/edema
Verdict 115 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1150 · Celtic sea salt x recovery from alleged adrenal fatigue and improved daily energy
Verdict 1150 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Adrenal fatigue is not a validated diagnosis, and no human efficacy literature was found for energy from morning Celtic salt water
1151 · Orlistat x prevention of type 2 diabetes onset in adults with obesity and impaired glucose tolerance
Verdict 1151 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Orlistat reduced diabetes diagnoses in adults with obesity and impaired glucose tolerance, but the evidence comes from one long trial conducted with weight loss and lifestyle intervention
1152 · Mechanical thrombectomy x reduced 90-day disability and increased independence after anterior-circulation large-vessel-occlusion stroke
Verdict 1152 · Evidence Grade A · 97 · 4 cited sources
Prompt mechanical thrombectomy for anterior-circulation large-vessel-occlusion stroke substantially reduces 90-day disability and increases functional independence
1153 · Trastuzumab x reduced recurrence and mortality after surgery and chemotherapy for HER2-positive early breast cancer
Verdict 1153 · Evidence Grade A · 96 · 2 cited sources
One year of trastuzumab after surgery and chemotherapy for HER2-positive early breast cancer reduces long-term recurrence and mortality
1154 · Radium-223 dichloride x prolonged survival and delayed skeletal events in symptomatic bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer without visceral metastases
Verdict 1154 · Evidence Grade A · 93 · 3 cited sources
Radium-223 prolongs survival and delays the first symptomatic skeletal event in castration-resistant prostate cancer with symptomatic bone metastases and no visceral metastases
1155 · Valacyclovir x prevention of partner transmission through daily suppression of symptomatic genital HSV-2
Verdict 1155 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Daily valacyclovir reduces but does not eliminate partner transmission of symptomatic genital HSV-2, so condoms and disclosure should continue
1156 · Autologous platelet-rich plasma x increased hair density and count in androgenetic alopecia
Verdict 1156 · Evidence Grade C · 53 · 3 cited sources
PRP may increase hair density in androgenetic alopecia, but procedure variability and long-term evidence remain important limitations
1157 · Boswellia serrata x induction of clinical remission in active ulcerative or chronic colitis
Verdict 1157 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 3 cited sources
Boswellia remission signals in colitis remain confined to old weak studies and cannot replace established treatment
1158 · Ashwagandha root extract x normalization of thyroid indices in subclinical hypothyroidism
Verdict 1158 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Ashwagandha improved thyroid laboratory values in one small trial, but evidence is insufficient and thyroid and liver safety require caution
1159 · Creatine monohydrate x delayed long-term progression and functional decline in early Parkinson disease
Verdict 1159 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 2 cited sources
Creatine failed to slow Parkinson disease in a large long-term trial and is not supported as a disease-modifying treatment
116 · Fructooligosaccharides x gut health and smoother bowel movements
Verdict 116 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 8 cited sources
Human evidence exists, but it has limitations.
1160 · Lion's mane mushroom x gastric-mucosal protection and lesion healing in gastritis and gastric ulcer
Verdict 1160 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
An old preliminary signal exists in atrophic gastritis, but human gastric-ulcer healing has not been demonstrated
1161 · Eplerenone x reduced mortality and hospitalization after myocardial infarction with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure
Verdict 1161 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Added to standard care after myocardial infarction with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure, eplerenone reduces death and cardiovascular-event hospitalization
1162 · Tirzepatide x delayed or prevented type 2 diabetes in adults with obesity and prediabetes
Verdict 1162 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Tirzepatide markedly delays type 2 diabetes while adults with obesity and prediabetes remain on treatment, but it is not proven to confer permanent prevention
1163 · Palivizumab x prevention of RSV hospitalization in high-risk infants
Verdict 1163 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 2 cited sources
Palivizumab lowers RSV hospitalization in selected high-risk infants but does not prevent every infection or establish a mortality benefit
1164 · Aripiprazole once-monthly LAI x prevention of relapse and exacerbation in stabilized schizophrenia
Verdict 1164 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Aripiprazole once-monthly prevents relapse in stabilized adults who respond to aripiprazole, but ongoing visits and adverse-effect monitoring remain necessary
1165 · Magnesium sulfate x prevention of eclamptic seizures in pre-eclampsia
Verdict 1165 · Evidence Grade A · 96 · 3 cited sources
Magnesium sulfate more than halves eclamptic seizures in pre-eclampsia, with strong evidence and mandatory inpatient toxicity monitoring
1166 · Meloxicam x improved pain, stiffness, and function in knee or hip osteoarthritis
Verdict 1166 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 2 cited sources
Meloxicam can reduce osteoarthritis pain and stiffness in the short term, but it does not restore cartilage or alter the disease course
1167 · Two fresh green kiwifruits x improved sleep onset, duration, and efficiency in adults with sleep difficulty
Verdict 1167 · Evidence Grade D · 31 · 2 cited sources
Two green kiwifruits produced a sleep signal, but an uncontrolled 24-person study cannot establish a treatment effect
1168 · Saffron extract x improved fluoxetine-induced erectile dysfunction in men
Verdict 1168 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
Saffron improved erectile function in one small four-week trial, but no independent replication makes it an unestablished treatment
1169 · Astaxanthin x slower biological aging and longer healthspan and lifespan in healthy adults
Verdict 1169 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers have been studied, but no human evidence shows that astaxanthin slows aging or extends life
117 · Hovenia dulcis fruit x liver health and hangover
Verdict 117 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1170 · PQQ disodium x slower aging and longer healthspan and lifespan in healthy adults
Verdict 1170 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
PQQ has mitochondrial and mouse aging-marker research, but no trial shows that it slows human aging or extends life
1171 · Vericiguat x reduced cardiovascular-death or first heart-failure-hospitalization risk after worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Verdict 1171 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Vericiguat modestly lowers an admission-driven composite risk after worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but mortality benefit alone is uncertain
1172 · Ticagrelor x reduced cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome
Verdict 1172 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
With aspirin in acute coronary syndrome, ticagrelor reduces cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality versus clopidogrel, while bleeding risk still requires assessment
1173 · Liraglutide 1.8 mg x reduced MACE in type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk
Verdict 1173 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Liraglutide 1.8 mg reduced MACE and cardiovascular death in one large trial in type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, but without confirmed independent replication it is rated B
1174 · Intravenous tranexamic acid x reduced all-cause and bleeding mortality in severe traumatic hemorrhage
Verdict 1174 · Evidence Grade A · 96 · 4 cited sources
In severe traumatic bleeding, intravenous tranexamic acid given as soon as possible and generally within three hours reduces mortality
1175 · Intracameral cefuroxime x prevention of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery
Verdict 1175 · Evidence Grade A · 82 · 3 cited sources
Accurately prepared intracameral cefuroxime at the end of cataract surgery markedly reduces endophthalmitis, but compounding errors must be prevented rigorously
1176 · DIMS defocus spectacle lenses x reduced two-year refractive progression and axial elongation in children with myopia
Verdict 1176 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
DIMS slowed refractive and axial-length progression over two years, but it has not yet proved prevention of long-term vision loss
1177 · Graduated compression garments x faster recovery of strength and power and less delayed-onset muscle soreness
Verdict 1177 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
Recovery findings for compression garments conflict across meta-analyses, and any average benefit is small and dependent on product and wear conditions
1178 · Weighted blanket x improved subjective sleep quality and Insomnia Severity Index scores in adults with insomnia
Verdict 1178 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 4 cited sources
A weighted blanket may feel calming, but pooled ISI and objective sleep evidence do not show clinically meaningful insomnia improvement
1179 · CPAP x prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea with cardiovascular disease
Verdict 1179 · Evidence Grade F · 9 · 3 cited sources
CPAP can treat apnea and sleepiness, but it did not reduce recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with established cardiovascular disease
118 · Cocoa flavanols x cognitive function and vascular/blood-flow health
Verdict 118 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1180 · Urolithin A x slower biological aging and longer healthspan and lifespan in healthy adults
Verdict 1180 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Urolithin A has muscle, mitochondrial, and immune-marker research, but no trial shows that it slows whole-person aging or extends human life
1181 · Ramipril x reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in adults at high cardiovascular risk
Verdict 1181 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Ramipril reduces cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in HOPE-like high-risk adults, while kidney function, potassium, and angioedema require attention
1182 · Hydrocortisone sodium succinate x reduced 28-day mortality in severe community-acquired pneumonia requiring intensive care
Verdict 1182 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 3 cited sources
The CAPE COD regimen reduced 28-day mortality, but another large trial failed to replicate benefit, leaving survival effects highly dependent on regimen and population
1183 · Prednisolone x increased complete facial-function recovery in adults with Bell palsy treated within 72 hours
Verdict 1183 · Evidence Grade A · 82 · 3 cited sources
Starting prednisolone within 72 hours of adult Bell palsy increases complete facial recovery, but accurate diagnosis and eye protection come first
1184 · Acamprosate calcium x continuous abstinence and prevention of return to drinking after detoxification in alcohol use disorder
Verdict 1184 · Evidence Grade B · 71 · 2 cited sources
Acamprosate can support abstinence after detoxification when combined with psychosocial care, but its effect is moderate and adherence and kidney function matter
1185 · Acyclovir x prevention of recurrent ocular HSV and stromal keratitis after recent ocular herpes simplex disease
Verdict 1185 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
Twelve months of oral acyclovir reduces recurrence after recent ocular HSV, especially prior stromal keratitis, but does not eliminate recurrence and requires renal dosing
1186 · Percussive massage gun x post-exercise soreness, strength, and explosive-performance recovery
Verdict 1186 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 2 cited sources
Massage guns may help selected jump-recovery outcomes, but they do not consistently accelerate soreness or maximal-strength recovery
1187 · Blue-light filtering spectacles x sleep onset and sleep quality in evening screen users
Verdict 1187 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The rationale for reducing evening blue light is plausible, but pooled trials do not confirm that the glasses improve actual sleep onset or objective sleep quality
1188 · External nasal dilator strip x snoring and obstructive-sleep-apnea AHI reduction
Verdict 1188 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
A strip may make the nose feel more open, but it has not been shown to reduce the objective severity of snoring or obstructive sleep apnea
1189 · Moringa oleifera leaf x lower weight, body mass index, and waist circumference in overweight or obesity
Verdict 1189 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 2 cited sources
Despite nutritional and mechanistic interest, current pooled clinical trials do not show that moringa leaf reduces weight, body mass index, or waist circumference
119 · Caffeine x alertness and exercise performance
Verdict 119 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is relatively strong.
1190 · Red and near-infrared photobiomodulation x aging rate, healthspan, and lifespan in healthy adults
Verdict 1190 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Condition-specific red and near-infrared light studies and a mouse survival signal exist, but slower aging or longer healthspan and lifespan in healthy humans have not been tested
1191 · Semaglutide 2.4 mg x prevention of major cardiovascular events in adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes
Verdict 1191 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 3 cited sources
Semaglutide reduces major cardiovascular events in adults with established cardiovascular disease, overweight or obesity, and no diabetes, but it does not replace standard preventive care
1192 · Spironolactone x reduced death and hospitalization in severe symptomatic HFrEF
Verdict 1192 · Evidence Grade A · 94 · 3 cited sources
Spironolactone reduces death and hospitalization in severe symptomatic HFrEF but requires close potassium and kidney monitoring
1193 · Osimertinib x prolonged overall survival after complete resection of stage IB to IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC
Verdict 1193 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
Osimertinib prolongs survival after complete resection of stage IB to IIIA NSCLC with common sensitizing EGFR mutations, but the indication and burden of three years of therapy require individual assessment
1194 · mRESVIA x prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract disease in adults aged 60 years or older
Verdict 1194 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
mRESVIA provides strong early protection against RSV lower respiratory tract disease in the first season, but protection wanes and the optimal revaccination strategy remains uncertain
1195 · Azithromycin x prevention of acute exacerbation and recurrence in high-risk COPD
Verdict 1195 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Azithromycin can reduce exacerbations for one year in selected patients with COPD who continue to exacerbate despite optimized care, but hearing, QT, and resistance monitoring are necessary
1196 · Curcumin extract x delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes
Verdict 1196 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
The prediabetes prevention signal is striking, but one trial cannot establish that all curcumin products prevent diabetes
1197 · Intermittent pneumatic compression recovery boots x reducing postexercise soreness and accelerating strength and performance recovery
Verdict 1197 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Recovery boots may make the legs feel lighter, but they do not clearly accelerate actual strength or performance recovery
1198 · Glucosamine x lowering all-cause mortality and extending healthspan or lifespan through regular use
Verdict 1198 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Lower mortality among glucosamine users is an observational signal, not proof that glucosamine extends life
1199 · Blue-light filtering spectacles x relieving digital eye strain and dry eye and protecting the retina
Verdict 1199 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 4 cited sources
Blinking, breaks, workspace conditions, and accurate optical correction matter more for screen discomfort than a blue-light coating
120 · Multivitamin x general health, fatigue, and disease prevention
Verdict 120 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1200 · Coenzyme Q10 x slowing biological aging and extending healthspan or lifespan in healthy adults
Verdict 1200 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
Raising blood coenzyme Q10 is not the same as changing the aging rate or lifespan of a healthy person
1201 · Long-acting injectable cabotegravir x prevention of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection
Verdict 1201 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 3 cited sources
Long-acting cabotegravir reduced HIV infection more than oral PrEP in two large trials
1202 · Fidaxomicin x clinical cure and reduced recurrence of C. difficile infection
Verdict 1202 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Fidaxomicin cures initial CDI about as often as vancomycin and reduces recurrence, but pivotal evidence is manufacturer-concentrated
1203 · Fenofibrate x reduced progression and first laser treatment in type 2 diabetic retinopathy
Verdict 1203 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
Fenofibrate reduces diabetic-retinopathy progression and treatment need, but improved vision has not been demonstrated
1204 · Lamotrigine x seizure control and 12-month remission in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy
Verdict 1204 · Evidence Grade B · 69 · 3 cited sources
Lamotrigine is a well-balanced first-line monotherapy for long-term remission and treatment retention in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy
1205 · Single-dose intrapartum azithromycin x reduced postpartum maternal sepsis or death
Verdict 1205 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Intrapartum azithromycin 2 g reduced maternal sepsis but not mortality or neonatal outcomes, and universal use is not recommended
1206 · Prazosin x reduced PTSD-related nightmares and sleep disturbance
Verdict 1206 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 5 cited sources
Some small trials reduced nightmares, but the largest VA trial improved neither nightmares nor sleep quality
1207 · Does nicotinamide slow visual-field loss in glaucoma?
Verdict 1207 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 4 cited sources
Unlike other nicotinamide verdicts, this entry evaluates the distinct indication of long-term visual-field preservation in glaucoma.
1208 · Does metformin prevent liver cancer in people with diabetes and chronic liver disease?
Verdict 1208 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Unlike other metformin verdicts, this entry evaluates the separate indication of primary hepatocellular-carcinoma prevention in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease.
1209 · Does the hCG diet outperform a very-low-calorie diet alone?
Verdict 1209 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 4 cited sources
Approved reproductive-medicine uses of hCG must be separated from its unapproved use for dieting.
121 · Folate x compound claims for anemia, pregnancy, and cardiovascular health
Verdict 121 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1210 · Do bedtime pistachios improve sleep onset and sleep quality?
Verdict 1210 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
Human evidence exists, but it assessed only subjective AIS with a proprietary manufacturer extract and had baseline imbalance, so it cannot be generalized to whole pistachios; NCT07218822 is recruiting with no results.
1211 · Acarbose x delay or prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance
Verdict 1211 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Acarbose can delay a glucose-defined diabetes diagnosis in impaired glucose tolerance, but it has not proved cardiovascular or mortality prevention
1212 · CPAP x improved daytime sleepiness, daily functioning, and quality of life in obstructive sleep apnea
Verdict 1212 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Separate from cardiovascular-event prevention, CPAP improves sleepiness, daytime functioning, and quality of life in obstructive sleep apnea
1213 · Riluzole x delayed death or tracheostomy and prolonged survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Verdict 1213 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 3 cited sources
Riluzole modestly delays death or tracheostomy in ALS, with an average survival extension of about two to three months
1214 · Finasteride 5 mg x reduced prostate-cancer diagnoses in men aged 55 years or older
Verdict 1214 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Finasteride reduced prostate-cancer diagnoses but did not improve overall survival, and the high-grade-cancer controversy remains
1215 · Capecitabine x reduced recurrence and death in residual HER2-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Verdict 1215 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Capecitabine reduced recurrence and death in residual HER2-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but the key evidence comes from one Japanese and South Korean trial
1216 · Psyllium husk x reduced weight, BMI, and waist circumference in adults with overweight or obesity
Verdict 1216 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Premeal psyllium may support small short-term weight loss, but independent syntheses conflict and durable benefit is unproven
1217 · Black seed oil x improved liver enzymes and ultrasound steatosis in MASLD
Verdict 1217 · Evidence Grade C · 53 · 4 cited sources
Liver enzymes and ultrasound grade may improve over the short term, but histology, fibrosis, and long-term outcomes remain unproven
1218 · Kinesiology tape x improved athletic performance
Verdict 1218 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Despite a noticeable sensation, kinesiology tape has not consistently improved strength, jumping, sprinting, agility, or endurance
1219 · Volufiline x filler-like correction of under-eye and cheek hollows
Verdict 1219 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 2 cited sources
Hydration may create temporary surface plumping, but no human evidence shows increased under-eye or cheek fat comparable to filler
122 · Schisandra x fatigue, liver, and antioxidant effects
Verdict 122 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1220 · Wheatgrass x liver detoxification and improved liver enzymes and fat in MASLD
Verdict 1220 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No human study directly tests wheatgrass for liver detoxification or MASLD improvement, so efficacy cannot yet be graded
1221 · Rituximab x prolonged overall survival with CHOP in older adults with DLBCL
Verdict 1221 · Evidence Grade A · 93 · 4 cited sources
Adding rituximab to CHOP prolongs long-term overall survival in older adults with DLBCL
1222 · Pembrolizumab x prevention of recurrence and distant metastasis after complete resection of stage III melanoma
Verdict 1222 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
Adjuvant pembrolizumab durably reduces recurrence and distant metastasis after resection of stage III melanoma, while overall survival remains unestablished
1223 · Imatinib x prevention of accelerated-phase or blast-crisis progression in newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML
Verdict 1223 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 2 cited sources
Imatinib substantially reduces accelerated-phase or blast-crisis progression in newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML
1224 · Ethosuximide x seizure freedom and prevention of treatment failure in childhood absence seizures
Verdict 1224 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 2 cited sources
Ethosuximide is more effective than lamotrigine and similar in efficacy to valproate for childhood absence seizures
1225 · Carbamazepine x suppression of seizure recurrence and 12-month remission in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy
Verdict 1225 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Carbamazepine supports seizure remission in focal epilepsy but may have poorer treatment retention than lamotrigine
1226 · L-leucine x improved muscle mass, grip strength, and walking function in sarcopenia
Verdict 1226 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 3 cited sources
Isolated leucine has small signals, but improvements in muscle mass, grip strength, and walking in sarcopenia are inconsistent
1227 · Spanish black radish extract x improved acetaminophen metabolism and toxin elimination
Verdict 1227 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
Metabolite changes were observed, but clinical toxin elimination and liver protection remain unproven
1228 · Sodium alginate x increased satiety and reduced weight and body fat
Verdict 1228 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
Unlike the completer signal, the key intention-to-treat analysis found no weight or body-fat benefit
1229 · Vitamin C x prevention of postexercise soreness and strength loss
Verdict 1229 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 3 cited sources
High-dose vitamin C does not prevent postexercise soreness or strength loss and may interfere with adaptation
123 · Gelatin x joints, skin, and hair
Verdict 123 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
1230 · Exogenous BHB ketone salts x slower aging and longer healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 1230 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Animal longevity signals exist, but no human aging or lifespan efficacy trial of BHB ketone salts was found
1231 · Abaloparatide x fracture prevention in high-risk postmenopausal osteoporosis
Verdict 1231 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Vertebral and nonvertebral fractures were reduced, but hip-fracture prevention remains unconfirmed
1232 · Metoprolol succinate CR/XL x reduced death and hospitalization in stable symptomatic HFrEF
Verdict 1232 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
This extended-release formulation reduces all-cause mortality and heart-failure hospitalization in stable HFrEF
1233 · Ocrelizumab x prevention of relapse and disability progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis
Verdict 1233 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Ocrelizumab reduces relapse and confirmed disability progression versus interferon in relapsing MS
1234 · Carotid endarterectomy x stroke prevention in recently symptomatic severe carotid stenosis
Verdict 1234 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 4 cited sources
Experienced surgery markedly reduces ipsilateral stroke after recent symptoms with severe carotid stenosis
1235 · Nusinersen x improved motor milestones and event-free survival in spinal muscular atrophy
Verdict 1235 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 2 cited sources
Nusinersen improves motor function and survival without death or permanent ventilation in SMA, but response varies
1236 · Modafinil x chronic fatigue and daily functioning in multiple sclerosis
Verdict 1236 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
There is a small positive signal for MS fatigue, but the largest independent trial did not beat placebo
1237 · Finnish dry sauna x lower mortality and longer healthspan
Verdict 1237 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The mortality association is intriguing, but no trial proves sauna caused it
1238 · Auricular acupuncture or acupressure x appetite, weight, and BMI reduction
Verdict 1238 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Small weight signals exist, but trial quality and procedural heterogeneity make them unreliable
1239 · Whole-body cryotherapy x lower inflammation, slower aging, and longer life
Verdict 1239 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Short-term inflammatory-marker studies exist, but no study shows improved human aging or lifespan
124 · Vitamin A (retinol/beta-carotene) × Eye health, night blindness, skin, and immunity
Verdict 124 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 4 cited sources
The evidence is relatively strong under deficiency conditions, but general improvement claims are limited
1240 · Magnesium bisglycinate x superior absorption and relief of anxiety and tension
Verdict 1240 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
General magnesium evidence exists, but no trial shows this form is better absorbed and therefore reduces anxiety
1241 · Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator x reduced all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction with low LVEF
Verdict 1241 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 7 cited sources
ICD therapy reduces all-cause mortality in selected post-infarction patients with low LVEF, but timing, medical therapy, life expectancy, and device harms must be considered
1242 · Lamivudine x reduced clinical progression in chronic hepatitis B with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis
Verdict 1242 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Lamivudine delayed clinical progression of advanced chronic hepatitis B, but frequent resistance makes it a poor modern first choice for long-term monotherapy
1243 · Bupropion sustained release x improved six-month continuous abstinence with counseling
Verdict 1243 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Bupropion SR improves six-month quit success with counseling but is not superior to nicotine patch and requires screening for seizure risk
1244 · Do conjugated equine estrogens reduce hip fractures during treatment after hysterectomy?
Verdict 1244 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 4 cited sources
This is a B verdict for a positive fracture effect that must be separated from stroke harm and null cardiovascular efficacy.
1245 · Does a first BCG vaccination reduce active tuberculosis in previously unvaccinated children?
Verdict 1245 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 5 cited sources
This is a B verdict for prevention of active tuberculosis by first BCG vaccination, with substantial variation across regions and ages.
1246 · High-flavanol cocoa x improved fasting insulin and HOMA-IR
Verdict 1246 · Evidence Grade C · 53 · 2 cited sources
Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR may improve modestly, but prevention of diabetes or its complications has not been demonstrated
1247 · Cold-water immersion x improved post-exercise muscle soreness and subjective recovery
Verdict 1247 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Cold-water immersion may make athletes feel less sore and more recovered, but evidence for faster strength or power recovery is limited
1248 · Acetyl-L-carnitine x improved multiple-sclerosis-related fatigue and daily function
Verdict 1248 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
A fatigue-scale signal from one 36-person pilot does not establish improved multiple-sclerosis fatigue or daily function
1249 · Hyperbaric oxygen therapy x reversal of biological aging through telomere and immunosenescence markers
Verdict 1249 · Evidence Grade D · 20 · 2 cited sources
Changes in blood telomeres and immune-cell markers do not show that a person became younger or will live longer
125 · Potassium × Blood pressure
Verdict 125 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 4 cited sources
Blood pressure evidence is relatively consistent, but interpretation changes depending on participant safety
1250 · Trehalose x slower human aging and longer healthspan and lifespan through autophagy activation
Verdict 1250 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Trehalose has autophagy mechanisms and some vascular and metabolic research, but no human trial shows slower aging or longer life
1251 · Panretinal photocoagulation x prevention of severe visual loss and blindness in high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Verdict 1251 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 3 cited sources
PRP substantially lowers blindness-level visual loss in high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy but can reduce peripheral and night vision
1252 · Lace-up ankle brace x prevention of first-time and recurrent acute ankle injuries during sports
Verdict 1252 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Lace-up braces reduce ankle-injury occurrence during sports but do not make injuries milder and do not replace training or rehabilitation
1253 · Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine x prevention of culture-confirmed typhoid fever
Verdict 1253 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Vi polysaccharide vaccine meaningfully lowers culture-confirmed typhoid but is neither complete nor permanent, so hygiene and revaccination guidance still matter
1254 · Olaparib x reduction of invasive recurrence and death in germline BRCA1/2-mutated high-risk early breast cancer
Verdict 1254 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
One year of adjuvant olaparib reduces recurrence and death in selected patients with germline BRCA1/2-mutated, HER2-negative, high-risk early breast cancer
1255 · Valproate x seizure control and 12-month remission in newly diagnosed generalized or unclassifiable epilepsy
Verdict 1255 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Valproate is highly effective for remission in generalized or unclassifiable epilepsy, but major fetal risks sharply constrain its use in people who could become pregnant
1256 · Gemigliptin x reduction of HbA1c and fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1256 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Gemigliptin lowers glucose measures, but cardiovascular and kidney protection specific to the drug has not been established
1257 · Extended-release fampridine or dalfampridine x improved walking in a subset of people with multiple sclerosis
Verdict 1257 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Fampridine or dalfampridine can increase walking speed in some people with multiple sclerosis but does not slow the disease itself
1258 · Cryolipolysis x reduced localized subcutaneous-fat thickness and circumference
Verdict 1258 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 4 cited sources
Cryolipolysis may modestly reduce localized subcutaneous fat, but it is not a weight-loss procedure and trial results conflict
1259 · White-noise machine or app x improved sleep onset and subjective sleep quality in adults and older adults
Verdict 1259 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 4 cited sources
White noise may help sleep onset and perceived sleep quality for some adults and older adults in noisy settings, but individual responses vary
126 · Iodine × Thyroid function
Verdict 126 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
Evidence for correcting deficiency is distinct from general supplementation claims
1260 · Pinhole glasses x permanent reduction of myopia and restoration of unaided vision
Verdict 1260 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
Pinhole glasses can briefly sharpen vision during wear but do not reduce myopia or permanently restore unaided vision
1261 · Docetaxel x prolonged overall survival with ADT in mHSPC
Verdict 1261 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 3 cited sources
Adding docetaxel when starting ADT prolongs overall survival in chemotherapy-fit patients with mHSPC
1262 · Intramuscular midazolam x prehospital cessation of status-epilepticus seizures
Verdict 1262 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Intramuscular midazolam effectively stops prehospital status-epilepticus seizures because treatment can begin quickly
1263 · Digoxin x reduced heart-failure hospitalization in sinus-rhythm HFrEF
Verdict 1263 · Evidence Grade B · 63 · 3 cited sources
Digoxin can reduce admissions in sinus-rhythm systolic heart failure, but it did not prolong survival and its modern incremental benefit is uncertain
1264 · Intravenous iron sucrose x reduced cardiovascular composite risk with proactive high-dose hemodialysis dosing
Verdict 1264 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
In recent hemodialysis starters receiving an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, an iron-index-guided proactive high-dose iron-sucrose strategy reduced composite clinical events
1265 · Snowboard wrist guard x prevention of wrist fractures and sprains
Verdict 1265 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Snowboard wrist guards reduce wrist injuries, especially sprains, but fracture prevention is less certain and correct continuous wear matters
1266 · Buspirone x remission and depressive-symptom improvement after inadequate SSRI response in major depressive disorder
Verdict 1266 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Unlike its efficacy in generalized anxiety disorder, placebo-controlled evidence does not verify adjunctive remission after inadequate SSRI response in depression
1267 · Mosapride x improvement of early satiety, postprandial fullness, and overall symptoms in functional dyspepsia
Verdict 1267 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 5 cited sources
The overall meta-analysis was null, but higher-quality trials show a small symptom signal that may justify a time-limited trial
1268 · Oolong tea x reduced body weight and body fat in adults with overweight or obesity
Verdict 1268 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 4 cited sources
Short-term fat oxidation signals exist, but no randomized controlled trial shows that ordinary oolong tea itself reduces body weight or body fat
1269 · Nateglinide x prevention of diabetes and major cardiovascular events in impaired glucose tolerance
Verdict 1269 · Evidence Grade D · 21 · 3 cited sources
Nateglinide lowers glucose in established diabetes but did not prevent diabetes or major cardiovascular events in impaired glucose tolerance
127 · Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) × PMS and morning sickness
Verdict 127 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 4 cited sources
Evidence for morning sickness is B, while evidence for PMS is closer to C
1270 · Transdermal magnesium chloride spray x improved sleep onset, deep sleep, and nighttime awakenings
Verdict 1270 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Transdermal magnesium absorption remains unestablished, and no human intervention trial has directly evaluated sleep efficacy with transdermal magnesium chloride
1271 · Cabazitaxel x prolonged overall survival in post-docetaxel mCRPC
Verdict 1271 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Cabazitaxel prolongs survival after docetaxel progression in mCRPC but requires close management of severe marrow suppression and infection risk
1272 · Caffeine citrate x reduced death or neurodevelopmental disability in apnea of prematurity
Verdict 1272 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Caffeine improved the composite of death or neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 21 months, but benefit across every long-term domain is not established
1273 · Elbasvir/grazoprevir x SVR12 cure after 12 weeks for hepatitis C genotypes 1 and 4
Verdict 1273 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
Twelve-week virologic cure rates are very high in eligible genotype 1 and 4 patients, but resistance, liver status, and interactions must be checked
1274 · Nivolumab x prevention of recurrence and distant metastasis after complete resection of stage III to IV melanoma
Verdict 1274 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 2 cited sources
Nivolumab durably reduces recurrence and distant metastasis, but overall-survival superiority remains unconfirmed and immune toxicity requires monitoring
1275 · Pilocarpine 1.25% eye drops x several hours of improved near vision in adult presbyopia
Verdict 1275 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Near-vision chart performance improves for several hours, but durable daily function and all-day benefit are not established
1276 · Calcitonin salmon nasal spray x prevention of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Verdict 1276 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Only the middle-dose arm reduced vertebral fractures, with inconsistent dose response and poor long-term completion
1277 · Peppermint essential oil x short-term alertness and relief of mental fatigue through aroma inhalation
Verdict 1277 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 5 cited sources
Peppermint may briefly feel alerting, but reliable relief of mental fatigue has not been demonstrated
1278 · L-carnosine x improved depressive symptoms and remission as an SSRI adjunct in major depressive disorder
Verdict 1278 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
One small SSRI-adjunct trial was positive, but the finding has not been independently replicated in major depressive disorder
1279 · Polygala tenuifolia Root Extract for Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms
Verdict 1279 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 4 cited sources
The claim that a single Polygala root extract treats depression or anxiety receives D because the principal symptom endpoints were nonsignificant in a small placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.
128 · Niacin (vitamin B3) × Cholesterol and lipids
Verdict 128 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 5 cited sources
Lipid-surrogate improvement is clear, but cardiovascular-event prevention is null and harms are meaningful.
1280 · Oral Methylene Blue for Aging and Longevity in Healthy Adults
Verdict 1280 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Oral methylene blue receives a question mark for anti-aging, healthspan, and overall lifespan claims because no direct human efficacy literature was identified.
1281 · Lenacapavir x prevention of HIV-1 infection with twice-yearly injectable PrEP
Verdict 1281 · Evidence Grade A · 91 · 3 cited sources
Twice-yearly lenacapavir PrEP nearly eliminated confirmed HIV infection in two large trials
1282 · Infliximab x reduced 54-week colectomy risk in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
Verdict 1282 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Infliximab reduced 54-week colectomy risk by an absolute 7 percentage points in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
1283 · Selective laser trabeculoplasty x reduced glaucoma progression and incisional surgery
Verdict 1283 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
First-line SLT reduced six-year glaucoma progression and incisional surgery compared with first-line eye drops
1284 · Pegfilgrastim x primary prevention of febrile neutropenia and related hospitalization
Verdict 1284 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Primary pegfilgrastim prophylaxis greatly reduces febrile neutropenia and related hospitalization during high-risk chemotherapy
1285 · Enoxaparin x reduced death or nonfatal reinfarction in fibrinolysis-treated STEMI
Verdict 1285 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
In fibrinolysis-treated STEMI, enoxaparin reduced reinfarction but not mortality alone and increased major bleeding
1286 · Insulin icodec x once-weekly HbA1c control in insulin-naive type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1286 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Once-weekly icodec controls HbA1c well, but cardiovascular and mortality benefits have not been established
1287 · D-mannose x six-month prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in women
Verdict 1287 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
In MERIT, six-month recurrence was 51.0% versus 55.7%, risk difference -5 percentage points (95% CI -13 to 3), leaving room for a 13-point preventive benefit. The latest three-trial pooled RR was 0.37 (0.11 to 1.30), and the earlier trial was positive, so this is not repeated refutation. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 30 points, not F.
1288 · Molecular hydrogen x perceived fatigue, blood lactate, and endurance during exercise
Verdict 1288 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 3 cited sources
There are small signals for perceived fatigue and lactate, but actual endurance improvement has not been established
1289 · Citicoline x adjunctive prevention of visual-field progression in glaucoma
Verdict 1289 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Selected central-field and structural signals exist, but prevention of standard visual-field progression is unconfirmed
129 · Riboflavin (vitamin B2) × Migraine prevention
Verdict 129 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 4 cited sources
When limited to adult high-dose migraine prevention, the evidence is relatively strong
1290 · Peppermint essential oil x hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia
Verdict 1290 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No direct trial has established hair regrowth in humans with androgenetic alopecia
1291 · Low-dose chest CT x reduced lung-cancer mortality in high-risk smokers
Verdict 1291 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 3 cited sources
LDCT lowers lung-cancer mortality in high-risk smokers but requires a structured program that manages false positives and overdiagnosis
1292 · Bempedoic acid x reduced MACE in statin-intolerant high-risk patients
Verdict 1292 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
One industry-funded trial found a 1.6-percentage-point absolute MACE reduction, but cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were null
1293 · SER-109 or Vowst x prevention of recurrent C. difficile infection after antibiotics
Verdict 1293 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Vowst substantially reduces recurrence, but one manufacturer-funded phase 3 trial after a failed phase 2 trial lacks independent replication and limits the verdict to C
1294 · Oral sodium bicarbonate x delayed CKD progression with metabolic acidosis
Verdict 1294 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
The meta-analysis and UBI were positive for CKD progression or dialysis, but double-blind BiCARB was null, leaving conflicting evidence
1295 · Vaginal hyaluronic acid x relief of genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms
Verdict 1295 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Vaginal hyaluronic acid may ease short-term dryness and dyspareunia, but equivalence to estrogen and durable tissue restoration are not established
1296 · Oral probiotics x reduced organoleptic scores and volatile sulfur compounds in halitosis
Verdict 1296 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
A short-term class signal pooled across strains does not prove durable efficacy for any specific product or strain
1297 · Autologous intra-articular PRP x reduced pain and slowed cartilage loss in knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1297 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The most rigorous large trial found no superiority over placebo for either pain reduction or cartilage preservation
1298 · LGG x reduced severity and diarrhea duration in pediatric acute infectious gastroenteritis
Verdict 1298 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 3 cited sources
Large trials found that LGG did not reduce either gastroenteritis severity or diarrhea duration in children
1299 · MOTS-c x improved mitochondrial function and slower aging in healthy adults
Verdict 1299 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Animal research is intriguing, but no clinical result shows that injected MOTS-c slows human aging
130 · HMB x muscle mass, strength, and sarcopenia (older adults)
Verdict 130 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
There is a muscle-mass signal, but evidence for functional improvement is limited.
1300 · Black sesame and sesamin x improved androgenetic alopecia and hair regrowth
Verdict 1300 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Cell and mouse studies exist, but no clinical trial shows hair regrowth after people eat or apply black sesame or sesamin
1301 · Voluntary medical male circumcision x prevention of HIV-1 acquisition in heterosexual men
Verdict 1301 · Evidence Grade A · 93 · 4 cited sources
This grade applies to prevention of female-to-male HIV acquisition in HIV-negative heterosexual men in high-prevalence settings; the Wawer trial did not demonstrate reduced male-to-female transmission
1302 · Nivolumab plus ipilimumab x longer overall survival in first-line unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma
Verdict 1302 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 2 cited sources
First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab prolonged overall survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, but evidence rests on one confirmatory trial and immune toxicity requires close monitoring
1303 · Long-term oxygen therapy x lower mortality in severely hypoxemic COPD
Verdict 1303 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 4 cited sources
LTOT improves survival in COPD with severe resting hypoxemia, but the claim should not be extended to moderate desaturation
1304 · Psilocybin 25 mg x rapid reduction in symptoms of major depressive disorder
Verdict 1304 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
A supervised single dose rapidly reduced depression scores, but masking and long-term durability remain major uncertainties
1305 · Cagrilintide x long-term weight reduction in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes
Verdict 1305 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
The 68-week monotherapy weight loss was substantial, but it must be separated from CagriSema results and long-term cardiovascular outcomes remain unknown
1306 · Curcumin x reduced delayed-onset muscle soreness and accelerated muscle-function recovery
Verdict 1306 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Curcumin may modestly reduce postexercise soreness, but recovery of strength or performance has not been established
1307 · Cannabidiol 150 mg x improvement of primary insomnia
Verdict 1307 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
CBD 150 mg produced a small secondary objective sleep-efficiency signal but did not improve perceived insomnia, sleep onset, or sleep maintenance
1308 · Fractional carbon dioxide vaginal laser x improved GSM dryness, burning, and dyspareunia
Verdict 1308 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 6 cited sources
The direct grounds for F are repeated sham-controlled null findings and lack of guideline efficacy support; FDA warnings concern safety, unapproved uses, and deceptive marketing rather than directly proving inefficacy
1309 · Bates-type eye exercises x reduced myopia and permanent restoration of unaided vision
Verdict 1309 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 4 cited sources
For refractive error, two studies and 321 eyes produced SMD -1.74 (95% CI -6.27 to 2.79), while visual acuity was -0.50 (-1.16 to 0.16), with substantial heterogeneity. The prevention or relief category was positive, RR 0.40 (0.23 to 0.71). Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 35 points, not F.
131 · Beta-alanine x exercise performance (high-intensity and endurance)
Verdict 131 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Evidence is relatively good when limited to short, high-intensity performance.
1310 · Dihexa x enhanced memory and concentration in healthy adults
Verdict 1310 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 6 cited sources
Human cognitive efficacy for the same active moiety points toward no effect, while direct efficacy and safety of oral Dihexa itself in healthy people remain unestablished
1311 · Enalapril x reduced mortality and heart-failure hospitalization in symptomatic HFrEF
Verdict 1311 · Evidence Grade A · 94 · 2 cited sources
Enalapril has direct large randomized evidence for reducing death and heart-failure hospitalization in symptomatic HFrEF
1312 · Pravastatin x primary prevention of coronary death and nonfatal myocardial infarction
Verdict 1312 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 4 cited sources
Pravastatin directly reduced coronary death or nonfatal myocardial infarction in the WOSCOPS primary-prevention trial
1313 · Anastrozole x prevention of recurrence after surgery for postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer
Verdict 1313 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Anastrozole reduces recurrence more than tamoxifen after postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer, but overall-survival superiority is unclear
1314 · Lacosamide x six-month seizure freedom as monotherapy for newly diagnosed epilepsy
Verdict 1314 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Lacosamide produced six-month seizure freedom similar to controlled-release carbamazepine as monotherapy for newly diagnosed epilepsy
1315 · Metformin x prevention of long COVID after early treatment of acute COVID-19 in adults with overweight or obesity
Verdict 1315 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Metformin reduced long COVID in one large trial, but a later large trial was negative on its key symptom endpoint
1316 · Hydroxyzine x improvement of anxiety, tension, and treatment response in adult generalized anxiety disorder
Verdict 1316 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Short-term anxiety relief is supported, but evidence for long-term first-line treatment is limited
1317 · Whole-body vibration platform x weight, BMI, and body-fat reduction when used alone
Verdict 1317 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Vibration-platform use alone has not shown meaningful reductions in weight, BMI, or body fat
1318 · Kinesiology tape x improved pain, walking, and function in knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1318 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 2 cited sources
Short-term pain signals exist, but evidence for walking and functional improvement is small and inconsistent
1319 · Saxagliptin x prevention of major cardiovascular events in high-risk type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1319 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The direct cardiovascular-prevention evidence is the single SAVOR trial, with MACE HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.12). The lower bound of 0.89 allows an 11% relative risk reduction, and there is no repeated trial. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 28 points, not F.
132 · Betaine (TMG) x exercise performance and homocysteine
Verdict 132 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 5 cited sources
Blood-level claims and exercise-performance claims should be evaluated separately.
1320 · Testicular red and near-infrared photobiomodulation x increased testosterone, libido, and vitality
Verdict 1320 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Animal and adjacent research exists, but no human trial tests this efficacy claim in healthy men
1321 · Prasugrel x reduced cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome scheduled for PCI
Verdict 1321 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Prasugrel reduces ischemic events versus clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome scheduled for PCI but increases bleeding
1322 · Tezepelumab x prevention of severe exacerbations in severe uncontrolled asthma
Verdict 1322 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Tezepelumab reduces severe exacerbations across eosinophil levels in severe asthma uncontrolled by existing treatment
1323 · Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis x prevention of bacterial STIs in high-risk MSM and transgender women
Verdict 1323 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Doxy-PEP is effective for MSM and transgender women with a recent STI, but careful selection and resistance monitoring are essential
1324 · Vonoprazan x endoscopic healing and maintenance in erosive esophagitis
Verdict 1324 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 2 cited sources
Vonoprazan heals and maintains erosive esophagitis well, but the evidence centers on active-control noninferiority and endoscopy
1325 · Cenobamate x seizure freedom as adjunctive therapy for uncontrolled focal seizures in adults
Verdict 1325 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Cenobamate increased short-term complete freedom in uncontrolled focal seizures, but independent long-term replication is limited
1326 · Seladelpar x improved biochemical response and pruritus in PBC with inadequate UDCA response
Verdict 1326 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Seladelpar improves laboratory response and pruritus in PBC, but effects on transplantation, liver failure, and survival remain unconfirmed
1327 · Pemafibrate x prevention of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1327 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 2 cited sources
Pemafibrate lowered triglycerides but did not prevent cardiovascular events and increased renal adverse events and venous thromboembolism
1328 · Ammonia inhalant x improved maximal strength, power, and explosive performance before exercise
Verdict 1328 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 3 cited sources
Ammonia inhalants may increase alertness, but evidence does not show reliable gains in maximal strength or power
1329 · Snail secretion filtrate x fewer inflammatory mask-acne lesions and improved post-acne recovery
Verdict 1329 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
A small combination-serum trial suggests fewer inflammatory lesions, but snail mucin alone and post-acne recovery remain unproven
133 · L-tryptophan x sleep and mood
Verdict 133 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 3 cited sources
The clinical evidence is relatively weak compared with the precursor mechanism.
1330 · Topical NAD+ serum x fewer facial wrinkles and improved elasticity and skin aging
Verdict 1330 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Direct topical NAD+ serum has not yet demonstrated wrinkle or elasticity benefits in a human efficacy trial
1331 · Budesonide x prevention of severe exacerbations, emergency treatment, and hospitalization in early mild persistent asthma
Verdict 1331 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Regular budesonide reduces severe exacerbations and emergency or hospital treatment in early mild persistent asthma
1332 · Interferon beta-1a x prevention of clinical relapses and disability progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Verdict 1332 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Interferon beta-1a reduces relapse and disability progression in relapsing-remitting MS but is less effective than newer high-efficacy therapy
1333 · Cilostazol x prevention of recurrent stroke after noncardioembolic ischemic stroke
Verdict 1333 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Cilostazol was noninferior to aspirin after noncardioembolic ischemic stroke and produced fewer recurrent strokes and serious bleeding events
1334 · Rivaroxaban x treatment of acute deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and prevention of recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism
Verdict 1334 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 3 cited sources
The rivaroxaban 15-to-20-mg VTE regimen is noninferior to standard therapy for acute DVT or PE treatment and recurrence prevention
1335 · Prednisolone x reduction of 28-day, 90-day, and one-year mortality in severe alcohol-related hepatitis
Verdict 1335 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Prednisolone has only a 28-day survival signal in severe alcohol-related hepatitis and no benefit at 90 days or one year
1336 · Mavacamten x functional and symptom improvement in symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Verdict 1336 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
Exercise capacity and symptoms improve, but reductions in death or hospitalization remain unestablished
1337 · Acetaminophen x recovery, pain, and function in acute nonspecific low back pain
Verdict 1337 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
Acetaminophen did not improve recovery, pain, or function over placebo in acute nonspecific low back pain
1338 · TENS x persistent pain and disability in chronic nonspecific low back pain
Verdict 1338 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Temporary relief is possible, but evidence for durable pain and disability improvement is conflicting and very uncertain
1339 · Hydrochlorothiazide x prevention of recurrent calcium kidney stones
Verdict 1339 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 2 cited sources
In NOSTONE, recurrence with 50 mg had RR 0.92 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.36), allowing a 37% benefit. A 2025 network meta-analysis instead reported significant benefit with 50 mg, OR 0.52 (0.29 to 0.93), so the evidence is not repeated refutation. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 35 points, not F.
134 · 5-HTP x mood, appetite, and sleep
Verdict 134 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
For this ingredient, safety and interaction checks matter more than the efficacy claim.
1340 · Vitamin B12 x metabolism enhancement and weight loss in nondeficient adults
Verdict 1340 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Unlike deficiency treatment, no direct trial establishes metabolism enhancement or weight loss in nondeficient adults
1341 · Teplizumab x delayed stage 3 type 1 diabetes in high-risk stage 2 disease
Verdict 1341 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Teplizumab delays clinical type 1 diabetes but is not a cure, and direct evidence is concentrated in one small trial
1342 · Secukinumab x skin clearance and itch improvement in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis
Verdict 1342 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Secukinumab markedly reduces plaques and itch, but maintenance treatment and infection and bowel-disease monitoring are required
1343 · Bezlotoxumab x prevention of C. difficile recurrence after standard antibiotics
Verdict 1343 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Bezlotoxumab is an antibiotic adjunct that reduces recurrence; it does not treat the active infection itself
1344 · Intracavernosal alprostadil x erection sufficient for intercourse
Verdict 1344 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Intracavernosal alprostadil is effective when oral therapy is unsuitable, but professional titration and emergency planning for priapism are essential
1345 · Brolucizumab x vision improvement and vision-loss prevention in neovascular AMD
Verdict 1345 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 3 cited sources
Brolucizumab maintains vision comparably to standard anti-VEGF therapy, but its distinctive retinal-vasculitis risk requires careful selection
1346 · Brexpiprazole x adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder with inadequate antidepressant response
Verdict 1346 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Brexpiprazole provides a small adjunctive benefit after inadequate antidepressant response, but akathisia and weight gain must be weighed
1347 · Creatine monohydrate x improvement of persistent fatigue and concentration difficulty in long COVID
Verdict 1347 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
A 12-person pilot is interesting, but it does not confirm treatment of long-COVID fatigue or concentration difficulty
1348 · Colchicine x pain reduction and flare relief in acute gout
Verdict 1348 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 2 cited sources
Early low-dose colchicine relieves acute-gout pain with fewer gastrointestinal effects than high-dose treatment
1349 · Phendimetrazine x appetite suppression and sustained weight loss in adults with obesity
Verdict 1349 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
Phendimetrazine may suppress appetite briefly, but sustained weight loss is unproven and dependence and cardiovascular risks matter
135 · Alpha-GPC x cognition and exercise performance
Verdict 135 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Studies in cognitive impairment should be distinguished from supplement claims for healthy people.
1350 · Canagliflozin x delayed aging and extended healthspan and lifespan in healthy people without diabetes
Verdict 1350 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Canagliflozin extended lifespan in male mice, but it has not been shown to slow aging or extend life in healthy humans
1351 · Streptokinase x reduced short-term and one-year mortality after early intravenous treatment of acute myocardial infarction
Verdict 1351 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 3 cited sources
Primary PCI is preferred today, but randomized evidence that streptokinase reduced mortality in acute myocardial infarction is strong
1352 · Fondaparinux x prevention of symptomatic recurrence during initial treatment of acute pulmonary embolism and deep-vein thrombosis
Verdict 1352 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Initial recurrence prevention in acute PE and DVT was noninferior to standard heparin, but this is not superiority evidence
1353 · Carbetocin x prevention of postpartum and severe postpartum hemorrhage immediately after birth
Verdict 1353 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Prevention of 500-mL postpartum hemorrhage was noninferior to oxytocin, but certainty for 1,000-mL severe hemorrhage is limited
1354 · Vitamin A x reduced mortality among children aged 6–59 months in settings where deficiency is a public-health problem
Verdict 1354 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 4 cited sources
Mortality reduction is supported among children in deficiency settings, but the largest-ever null DEVTA trial conflicts, yielding a C grade
1355 · FIFA 11+ x prevention of lower-extremity and severe sports injuries in youth and amateur football players
Verdict 1355 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Overall and severe injury signals are favorable, but the pivotal primary lower-extremity outcome was nonsignificant
1356 · Bright light therapy x Improvement of depressive symptoms and remission in nonseasonal major depressive disorder
Verdict 1356 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
Short-term symptom and remission signals are positive in nonseasonal major depression, but long-term stand-alone evidence is limited
1357 · Graduated compression stockings x Relief of leg fatigue, discomfort, and edema in healthy people who stand for prolonged periods at work
Verdict 1357 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Short-term occupational leg fatigue and edema signals exist, but evidence remains limited to very small studies
1358 · Ertugliflozin x Reduction of three-point MACE comprising cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke in type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular disease
Verdict 1358 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Ertugliflozin may have separate glucose and heart-failure hospitalization benefits, but superiority for reducing three-point MACE was not established
1359 · Fermented or aged black garlic x Improved ALT and AST and protection of liver function in healthy adults
Verdict 1359 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
A borderline ALT signal in one 40-person trial does not establish AST improvement or clinical liver protection
136 · Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) x cognition and diabetic neuropathy
Verdict 136 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 3 cited sources
Evidence for neuropathy in patients should be distinguished from general cognitive-supplement claims.
1360 · Monk fruit extract x Direct reduction of body weight and body fat when consumed alone
Verdict 1360 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Monk fruit is a sugar-replacement sweetener, but no human trial directly establishes weight or body-fat loss from the extract alone
1361 · Verteporfin x prevention of moderate or severe vision loss in wet age-related macular degeneration with classic choroidal neovascularization
Verdict 1361 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Verteporfin can delay vision loss in selected classic lesions, but it does not restore vision and anti-VEGF therapy is now generally preferred
1362 · Ipilimumab x prevention of recurrence, distant metastasis, and death after complete resection of high-risk stage iii melanoma as adjuvant therapy
Verdict 1362 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
Ipilimumab reduced postoperative recurrence and death, but severe immune toxicity is common and anti-PD-1 therapy is now generally preferred
1363 · Misoprostol x prevention of serious upper gastrointestinal complications such as bleeding and perforation in long-term nsaid users
Verdict 1363 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Misoprostol reduces serious NSAID-related bleeding and perforation, but small absolute benefit and frequent diarrhea favor risk-based use
1364 · Focal or grid retinal laser photocoagulation x prevention of moderate vision loss in clinically significant diabetic macular edema
Verdict 1364 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 3 cited sources
ETDRS established a major reduction in vision loss, although anti-VEGF therapy is now generally preferred for center-involving diabetic macular edema
1365 · Radical prostatectomy x reduction of prostate-cancer mortality and all-cause mortality in localized prostate cancer
Verdict 1365 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
Some clinically detected or higher-risk cancers benefit, but mortality benefit is not consistent in PSA-era low-risk disease and active surveillance must be compared
1366 · Blood flow restriction training x muscle size and strength gains with low loads
Verdict 1366 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Low-load BFR can improve strength and muscle size, but it is not fully equivalent to high-load training
1367 · Portable canned oxygen x exercise recovery and subsequent performance at sea level
Verdict 1367 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
Canned oxygen has not improved recovery or next-bout performance in healthy people exercising at sea level
1368 · Abdominal EMS belt x weight, abdominal-fat, and waist reduction without exercise or diet
Verdict 1368 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Possible abdominal toning is not evidence of body-weight or abdominal-fat loss
1369 · Acupressure mat x sleep onset, deep sleep, and insomnia improvement
Verdict 1369 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 2 cited sources
The direct mat trial did not improve sleep quality, and finger-acupressure studies are not mat evidence
137 · Bacopa monnieri x memory and cognition
Verdict 137 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
There are some test signals, but the evidence is limited.
1370 · Transdermal NAD+ patch x systemic NAD+, slower aging, and longer healthspan
Verdict 1370 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Research on other NAD formulations does not prove absorption or longevity benefits from a passive transdermal patch
1371 · Topical fluorouracil 5% x reduced squamous cell carcinoma incidence and surgery in high-risk patients
Verdict 1371 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
One course reduced first-year SCC surgery on treated face and ear sites in high-risk patients, but durable and BCC prevention were not shown
1372 · Dexamethasone intravitreal implant x at least 15-letter visual recovery in retinal vein occlusion macular edema
Verdict 1372 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Visual benefit is clinically meaningful but peaks near two months and wanes, requiring reassessment and monitoring for pressure elevation and cataract
1373 · Tofacitinib x induction and 52-week maintenance of remission in refractory moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
Verdict 1373 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Induction and 52-week maintenance efficacy are clear, but treatment selection must account for infection, thrombosis, cardiovascular, and cancer risks
1374 · Vaginal micronized progesterone x prevention of birth before 34 weeks in singleton pregnancy with a short cervix
Verdict 1374 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
IPD meta-analysis lowers preterm-birth risk in short-cervix singleton pregnancy, but the large null trial conflicts, giving C, and it does not extend to every pregnancy or progestogen
1375 · Desmopressin ODT x fewer nocturnal voids and longer sleep until first void in men with nocturnal polyuria
Verdict 1375 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
It modestly improves voiding and the first sleep period in men with confirmed nocturnal polyuria, but the effect is small and fluid restriction with sodium monitoring is essential, giving C
1376 · Ciprofloxacin x Primary prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and death in cirrhosis with low-protein ascites
Verdict 1376 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
A ciprofloxacin-specific 100-person trial showed positive SBP and survival signals, but sparse events and very-low-certainty synthesis limit the verdict to C with 52 points.
1377 · External nasal dilator strip x Improved oxygen uptake, endurance, and athletic performance during exercise
Verdict 1377 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Despite a subjective sense of easier nasal breathing, placebo- or control-adjusted VO₂max, exercise duration, and performance do not improve, giving D with 28 points.
1378 · Sauna suit x Sustained body-fat and weight loss through increased sweating during exercise
Verdict 1378 · Evidence Grade D · 26 · 3 cited sources
Immediate loss is mainly water, while sustained fat-loss support is limited to a small sponsored exercise-combined study, giving D with 26 points.
1379 · Intranasal NAD+ spray x Improved daily energy and focus and reduced fatigue through nasal absorption
Verdict 1379 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No completed human intervention has tested an intranasal NAD+ finished product for daily energy, focus, or fatigue, so the grade is ? and the score is null.
138 · PQQ x energy and cognition
Verdict 138 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 7 cited sources
Cognition C (58), energy D (33), combined C (47)
1380 · Emu oil x Relief of knee or hand arthritis and joint pain
Verdict 1380 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
The best placebo-controlled trial was null between groups, while positive hand-osteoarthritis evidence is small and low quality, giving D with 30 points.
1381 · Sotagliflozin x fewer cardiovascular composite events after worsening heart failure
Verdict 1381 · Evidence Grade B · 67 · 2 cited sources
Composite events driven by heart-failure hospitalizations and urgent visits were reduced, but cardiovascular mortality alone was not proven
1382 · Early TIPS x less rebleeding and mortality after high-risk acute variceal bleeding
Verdict 1382 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 4 cited sources
In selected high-risk acute variceal bleeding, TIPS within 72 hours reduces rebleeding and mortality, but the result is not universal
1383 · Doxazosin x prevention of long-term clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Verdict 1383 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 2 cited sources
Doxazosin delays symptomatic clinical progression but has not been shown to prevent acute retention or surgery
1384 · Occlusion patch x improved residual childhood amblyopia after refractive correction
Verdict 1384 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Prescribed occlusion after refractive correction improves acuity and success in residual childhood amblyopia, with adherence and monitoring essential
1385 · Donor FMT x cure and recurrence prevention in multiply recurrent C. difficile infection
Verdict 1385 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 4 cited sources
Traditional donor FMT improves cure without recurrence in multiply recurrent C. difficile infection but requires strict screening and infection-safety controls
1386 · Pulsed electromagnetic field device x improved pain, stiffness, and physical function in knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1386 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
PEMF evidence for knee-osteoarthritis symptoms is small, heterogeneous, and conflicting across reviews
1387 · Imiquimod 5% cream x nonsurgical clearance and long-term success in low-risk basal cell carcinoma
Verdict 1387 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Imiquimod can durably treat selected low-risk basal cell carcinoma, but succeeds less often than surgery
1388 · Quetiapine x prevention of recurrent mood episodes in stabilized bipolar I disorder
Verdict 1388 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
Quetiapine markedly reduces recurrence in patients stabilized with lithium or divalproex, but has metabolic and sedative burdens
1389 · Continuous pink noise x improved sleep onset, maintenance, and deep sleep in adults
Verdict 1389 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Continuous pink-noise sleep benefits are unestablished, and some objective evidence suggests reduced REM sleep
139 · Spermidine × Aging, Autophagy, and Cognition
Verdict 139 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 8 cited sources
The primary endpoint in the cognition follow-up RCT was not significant, and human clinical efficacy for aging and autophagy has not been established.
1390 · Donanemab x slowed cognitive and functional decline in amyloid-confirmed early Alzheimer disease
Verdict 1390 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
Donanemab modestly slows early Alzheimer decline but carries substantial ARIA and rare severe-harm risks
1391 · Enzalutamide x prolonged overall survival in high-risk nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Verdict 1391 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Adding enzalutamide to ADT prolongs overall survival in high-risk nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
1392 · Regorafenib x prolonged overall survival after sorafenib progression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Verdict 1392 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Regorafenib prolongs overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma that progressed after sorafenib
1393 · Sodium oxybate x reduced cataplexy attacks in narcolepsy
Verdict 1393 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 3 cited sources
Sodium oxybate meaningfully reduces cataplexy attacks in narcolepsy
1394 · Albendazole x parasitological cure of intestinal soil-transmitted nematode infections
Verdict 1394 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Albendazole is effective against Ascaris and hookworm, but single-dose cure of Trichuris is low
1395 · Itraconazole x complete cure of dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis
Verdict 1395 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Itraconazole cures some toenail onychomycosis, but cure is clearly lower than with terbinafine
1396 · External hip protector x prevention of hip fractures in older adults at high risk of falls
Verdict 1396 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
Hip protectors may help high-risk nursing-home residents slightly, but benefit has not been shown in community residents
1397 · Bite-aligning performance mouthguard x improved strength, power, and agility
Verdict 1397 · Evidence Grade D · 31 · 3 cited sources
Mouthguards are useful for dental protection, but evidence does not establish broad gains in strength, power, or agility from bite alignment
1398 · CGM for people without diabetes x reduced postprandial glycemic variability and HbA1c
Verdict 1398 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
CGM may support feedback in a structured prediabetes program, but durable glucose or HbA1c benefit in healthy adults is unestablished, giving a bottom-of-C.
1399 · Transdermal weight-loss patch x appetite control and reduced abdominal fat and body weight
Verdict 1399 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Claims that an herbal patch suppresses appetite, raises metabolism, or removes fat lack human evidence and have repeatedly been treated as false by regulators
140 · Artichoke leaf extract x cholesterol, digestion, and liver
Verdict 140 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 4 cited sources
Blood and liver-enzyme values should be distinguished from clinical prevention effects.
1400 · Molecular-hydrogen inhaler x slower aging and longer healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 1400 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Short-term biomarker studies of hydrogen inhalation exist, but slower human aging or longer healthspan and lifespan have not been tested
1401 · Candesartan cilexetil x reduced cardiovascular death and heart-failure hospitalization in ACE-inhibitor-intolerant HFrEF
Verdict 1401 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Candesartan lowers the composite risk of cardiovascular death or heart-failure hospitalization in ACE-inhibitor-intolerant HFrEF
1402 · Phacoemulsification with intraocular-lens implantation x fewer falls and fractures in older women
Verdict 1402 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
First-eye cataract surgery can reduce fall rate and fractures in visually impaired older women, but evidence centers on one specific randomized trial
1403 · Mohs micrographic surgery x prevention of long-term local recurrence in recurrent high-risk facial basal cell carcinoma
Verdict 1403 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 2 cited sources
Mohs surgery lowered ten-year local recurrence versus standard excision in recurrent high-risk facial BCC, but direct evidence centers on one randomized trial
1404 · Olanzapine x prevention of mood-episode relapse in olanzapine-responsive bipolar I disorder
Verdict 1404 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Maintenance olanzapine delays relapse in olanzapine-responsive bipolar I disorder, but enrichment and metabolic burden matter
1405 · Repaglinide x lower postprandial glucose and HbA1c in diet-inadequately-controlled type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1405 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Repaglinide lowers postprandial glucose and HbA1c, but hard-outcome evidence for preventing diabetic complications is absent
1406 · Bezafibrate x improved complete biochemical response and pruritus in UDCA-inadequate-response PBC
Verdict 1406 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
Bezafibrate can improve biochemical response and pruritus after inadequate UDCA response, but survival and transplant benefits remain unproven
1407 · Ibuprofen x prevention of DOMS and faster strength or power recovery
Verdict 1407 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Evidence does not support prophylactic ibuprofen to prevent DOMS or accelerate strength and power recovery
1408 · Light-blocking eye mask x improved sleep onset, maintenance, and subjective quality in adults
Verdict 1408 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 3 cited sources
An eye mask may be practical in a bright room, but evidence for improving sleep onset and maintenance in adults generally is weak
1409 · L-glutamine x reduced weight and waist circumference without lifestyle change
Verdict 1409 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Tiny short studies do not establish weight loss without dietary or exercise changes
141 · Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) x stress, anxiety, and sleep
Verdict 141 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
There are signals for anxiety and stress, but not at a confirmatory level.
1410 · Reduced NADH x slower human aging and extended healthspan or lifespan
Verdict 1410 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
No direct human trial has tested whether reduced NADH changes aging rate, healthspan, or lifespan
1411 · Cervical cerclage x prevention of previable birth, perinatal death, and preterm birth in high-risk singleton pregnancy
Verdict 1411 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Evidence is strongest only when prior spontaneous preterm birth and a short cervix coexist in singleton pregnancy
1412 · Oxcarbazepine x long-term seizure freedom in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy
Verdict 1412 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Long-term seizure freedom is supported, but it was a secondary outcome in an active-controlled noninferiority trial
1413 · Early pars plana vitrectomy x recovery of useful vision after severe vitreous hemorrhage in type 1 diabetes
Verdict 1413 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Useful-vision recovery improved in severe type 1 diabetic vitreous hemorrhage, but the evidence comes from an old trial
1414 · Continuation or maintenance ECT x prevention of depressive relapse after acute-ECT remission
Verdict 1414 · Evidence Grade B · 63 · 2 cited sources
Relapse declined after acute-ECT response, but evidence is a small composite-outcome trial and hospitalization alone remains uncertain
1415 · Wide local excision for melanoma x prevention of locoregional recurrence in thick melanoma
Verdict 1415 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 2 cited sources
A 1 cm margin is inadequate for thick melanoma, but the result does not mean that 3 cm is better than the current 2 cm approach
1416 · Vegetables/protein-first meal order x blunted post-meal glucose and insulin surges
Verdict 1416 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 4 cited sources
Eating vegetables and protein first can blunt the glucose rise after one meal, but long-term diabetes outcomes remain unproven
1417 · Grounding or earthing sleep mat x improved insomnia severity, sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness
Verdict 1417 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 3 cited sources
Sleep benefits of grounding mats remain selective findings from one small company-supported trial
1418 · Sports cupping therapy x reduced muscle soreness and damage and enhanced performance and recovery
Verdict 1418 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
Sports cupping has low-quality heterogeneous positive signals, but a recent direct trial found no recovery or performance benefit
1419 · Low-level laser photobiomodulation x short-term pain and WOMAC function improvement in knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1419 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Low-level laser has low-certainty short-term pain benefit in knee osteoarthritis, while function and long-term effects remain uncertain
142 · Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) x colds, influenza, and immunity
Verdict 142 · Evidence Grade C · 53 · 5 cited sources
The symptom-relief signal should be separated from prevention and immune-enhancement claims
1420 · Epitalon x slower human aging and extended healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 1420 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Epitalon has cellular telomerase signals but no human trial showing slower aging, longer healthspan, or longer life
1421 · Anterior temporal lobectomy x seizure freedom in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Verdict 1421 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
In selected drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, surgery substantially improves seizure freedom over continued medical therapy
1422 · Lateral internal sphincterotomy x healing of medically refractory chronic anal fissure
Verdict 1422 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Healing is high in medically refractory chronic anal fissure, but patients must be selected with continence risk in mind
1423 · Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir x HCV retreatment after DAA failure
Verdict 1423 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 2 cited sources
Twelve-week cure rates after DAA failure are very high, but the evidence should not be generalized to routine initial treatment
1424 · Roux-en-Y gastric bypass x five-year medication-free type 2 diabetes remission
Verdict 1424 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
Five-year medication-free remission is possible but is not a universal permanent cure and requires lifelong follow-up
1425 · Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate x lower mortality and hospitalization in Black patients with severe HFrEF
Verdict 1425 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
It directly reduced all-cause mortality and first heart-failure hospitalization in Black patients with severe HFrEF receiving standard therapy
1426 · Microsurgical varicocelectomy x increased natural pregnancy and live birth in male infertility
Verdict 1426 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
Surgery may improve pregnancy chances in selected men, but certainty for live birth remains limited
1427 · Somnox Sleep Robot x improved sleep onset, maintenance, and efficiency in chronic insomnia
Verdict 1427 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The device may feel comforting, but improved sleep outcomes in chronic insomnia have not been demonstrated
1428 · Whole-body cryotherapy x post-exercise soreness, strength, and performance recovery
Verdict 1428 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Exercise-recovery studies exist, but they are too small and heterogeneous to establish benefit
1429 · Fursultiamine injection x immediate fatigue relief and vitality in nondeficient adults
Verdict 1429 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
There is no human efficacy trial of immediate fatigue relief in people without vitamin B1 deficiency
143 · Echinacea x cold prevention and treatment
Verdict 143 · Evidence Grade D · 38 · 5 cited sources
Product differences are large, and the cold-treatment effect has not been established
1430 · Intraovarian autologous PRP x restored ovarian function, pregnancy, and live birth
Verdict 1430 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 3 cited sources
Uncontrolled studies report hopeful cases, but randomized evidence has not confirmed ovarian-function or pregnancy benefit
1431 · Broad-spectrum sunscreen x prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma through daily application
Verdict 1431 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Daily sunscreen reduced SCC tumor burden, but this does not mean certain prevention of every first skin cancer
1432 · Dialectical behavior therapy x prevention of recurrent suicide attempts and hospitalization in high-risk borderline personality disorder
Verdict 1432 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Comprehensive DBT reduces recurrent suicidal behavior and related service use but requires a trained extended program and separate crisis response
1433 · Transurethral resection of the prostate x prevention of long-term treatment failure in moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia
Verdict 1433 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
TURP reduces long-term failure and symptoms in moderate BPH, but contemporary alternatives and surgical harms must be compared
1434 · Appendectomy x definitive treatment and long-term recurrence prevention for CT-confirmed uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults
Verdict 1434 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 2 cited sources
Appendectomy is definitive and prevents recurrence, but antibiotics can be an option for selected adults with CT-confirmed uncomplicated disease
1435 · Immediate pars plana vitrectomy x prevention of severe visual loss in light-perception-only postoperative endophthalmitis
Verdict 1435 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
The established benefit of immediate vitrectomy is limited to light-perception-only eyes with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery
1436 · Postprandial walking x suppression of postmeal glucose spikes in type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance
Verdict 1436 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Brief postmeal walking can reduce acute glucose rises, but long-term HbA1c and complication benefits have not been demonstrated
1437 · Elevation training mask x additional improvement in VO2max, endurance, and lung function
Verdict 1437 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The mask adds breathing resistance but has not been shown to simulate altitude or provide additional VO2max and lung-function gains
1438 · Theta and delta binaural beats x improved sleep onset, sleep efficiency, and deep sleep in insomnia
Verdict 1438 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 5 cited sources
A borderline small positive signal exists, but objective sleep measures are inconsistent, giving a bottom-of-C
1439 · Lateral-wedge insole x improved pain, stiffness, and walking function in medial knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1439 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 4 cited sources
Lateral-wedge insoles do not improve knee pain or function over neutral insoles, and a major guideline recommends against them
144 · Aronia (chokeberry) x antioxidant, blood pressure, and vascular effects
Verdict 144 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
Antioxidant numbers and clinical vascular benefit need to be distinguished
1440 · Transdermal vitamin B12 patch x immediate improvement in energy, concentration, and fatigue in adults without deficiency
Verdict 1440 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
No human efficacy trial was identified for energy, concentration, or fatigue from a B12 patch in nondeficient adults
1441 · Low-dose aspirin x secondary prevention in established vascular disease
Verdict 1441 · Evidence Grade A · 94 · 4 cited sources
Secondary-prevention efficacy after established myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke is strong, but bleeding risk must be assessed
1442 · Sorafenib x prolonged overall survival in treatment-naive advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Verdict 1442 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 3 cited sources
Sorafenib prolonged survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, although immunotherapy combinations now lead preferred first-line care
1443 · Captopril x reduced death, dialysis, or transplantation in type 1 diabetic nephropathy
Verdict 1443 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Captopril reduced clinical kidney risk in type 1 diabetic nephropathy, but the evidence centers on one old pivotal trial
1444 · Goserelin plus radiotherapy x improved survival in high-risk prostate cancer
Verdict 1444 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 2 cited sources
Long-term goserelin with radiotherapy improves survival in high-risk locally advanced prostate cancer, but it is not a monotherapy effect
1445 · Magnesium sulfate x fetal neuroprotection before birth before 32 weeks
Verdict 1445 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Magnesium sulfate before imminent birth before 32 weeks provides fetal neuroprotection but requires hospital maternal monitoring
1446 · Acitretin (systemic retinoid; oral prescription drug, Neotigason) × Prevention of new cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in high-risk kidney-transplant recipients with multiple skin cancers
Verdict 1446 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
A 6-month placebo-controlled trial reduced the proportion developing new SCC from 47% to 11%, but only 38 patients were assessable and maintenance and rebound concerns limit the grade to C with 54 points.
1447 · Honey (food and nonprescription natural product; age 12 months or older) × Relief of nocturnal cough frequency and cough-related sleep disturbance in children with acute upper respiratory infection
Verdict 1447 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
A Cochrane review of six trials and 899 children found short-term benefit versus no treatment or placebo, but mostly one-night dosing, parent ratings, incomplete masking, and bias risk limit the grade to C with 52 points.
1448 · Capsaicin or cayenne extract (vanilloid chili constituent; food and supplement) × Reduction of body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in adults with overweight or obesity
Verdict 1448 · Evidence Grade D · 31 · 2 cited sources
A meta-analysis of 15 randomized trials and 762 participants found -0.51 kg body weight, -0.25 kg/m² BMI, and -1.12 cm waist circumference, effects too small to be clinically meaningful amid heterogeneous trials, yielding D with 31 points.
1449 · Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO; oleic-acid- and polyphenol-containing food) × Lower all-cause mortality and extend healthspan through daily consumption
Verdict 1449 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 3 cited sources
The HR of 0.81 for all-cause mortality in the highest-intake group of a roughly 90,000-person U.S. cohort is observational and did not isolate EVOO. PREDIMED tested a Mediterranean dietary pattern, not EVOO alone, and did not establish a significant all-cause mortality benefit, yielding D with 29 points.
145 · Chlorella x detoxification, immunity, and cholesterol
Verdict 145 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Cholesterol numbers and detoxification claims are not the same evidence
1450 · Oral adenosine-5'-triphosphate disodium (PeakATP; nucleotide supplement) × Increased everyday energy and improvement of chronic fatigue independent of exercise
Verdict 1450 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Identified human trials are limited to repeated high-intensity performance and muscular fatigue in healthy exercisers or trained adults; no human intervention directly testing nonexercise everyday vitality or chronic-fatigue symptoms was identified, so the grade is ? and the score is null.
1451 · Tenecteplase x 90-day functional independence in eligible acute ischemic stroke
Verdict 1451 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Tenecteplase provides 90-day functional recovery similar to alteplase in eligible acute ischemic stroke
1452 · Fluoxetine x prevention of depressive-episode relapse in remitted major depressive disorder
Verdict 1452 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 2 cited sources
Continuing fluoxetine after remission reduces depressive-episode relapse compared with switching to placebo
1453 · Oral vancomycin x clinical cure of severe Clostridioides difficile infection
Verdict 1453 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 2 cited sources
Oral vancomycin is an effective standard alternative for clinical cure of severe nonfulminant infection
1454 · Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy x long-term medication-free remission of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity
Verdict 1454 · Evidence Grade B · 69 · 2 cited sources
Sleeve gastrectomy can produce long-term medication-free remission in some patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes
1455 · Oxytocin x reduced postpartum hemorrhage and transfusion risk with prophylaxis immediately after birth
Verdict 1455 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
Prophylactic oxytocin immediately after birth reduces postpartum hemorrhage, and intravenous dosing can also reduce transfusion compared with intramuscular dosing
1456 · Riboflavin-UVA corneal cross-linking x slowing progressive keratoconus
Verdict 1456 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Randomized evidence supports slowing progressive keratoconus, but CXL does not guarantee visual recovery or lifelong avoidance of transplantation
1457 · Chia seed x glycemic improvement in adults with type 2 diabetes or overweight
Verdict 1457 · Evidence Grade D · 31 · 3 cited sources
Chia can be a nutritious food, but clinical evidence does not support lowering fasting glucose or HbA1c
1458 · Whole-body electromyostimulation x performance gains from short workouts
Verdict 1458 · Evidence Grade D · 36 · 4 cited sources
Some protocol-specific signals exist, but evidence does not consistently support broad strength, jump, and sprint gains from short WB-EMS workouts
1459 · Far-infrared sauna x symptom relief in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Verdict 1459 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
A small uncontrolled study reported less pain and stiffness after heat sessions, but disease activity and lasting benefit remain unproven
146 · Inulin (chicory-derived) x gut health, bowel movements, and blood glucose
Verdict 146 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 4 cited sources
Bowel-movement evidence and blood-glucose/lipid-number evidence need to be considered separately
1460 · Trimethylglycine x slower biological aging and longer healthspan
Verdict 1460 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No direct human trial shows that TMG's homocysteine-lowering effect slows aging or extends life
1461 · Antenatal betamethasone x reduced neonatal death and respiratory distress syndrome in imminent preterm birth
Verdict 1461 · Evidence Grade A · 94 · 3 cited sources
A standard single course at 24 to 34 weeks in imminent preterm birth clearly reduces neonatal death and respiratory distress syndrome
1462 · Early decompressive hemicraniectomy x reduced death and severe disability in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction
Verdict 1462 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 2 cited sources
Surgery within 48 hours saves many lives, but a substantial proportion of survivors remain moderately to severely disabled
1463 · Lenvatinib x overall survival noninferior to sorafenib in first-line unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Verdict 1463 · Evidence Grade B · 69 · 2 cited sources
Overall survival was not worse than with sorafenib and tumor control was better, but REFLECT was not a survival-superiority trial
1464 · Ivabradine x reduced heart-failure hospitalization and cardiovascular-death composite in sinus-rhythm tachycardic HFrEF
Verdict 1464 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
Ivabradine is an add-on that mainly reduces heart-failure hospitalization in sinus-rhythm HFrEF with persistently elevated heart rate
1465 · Lactoferrin x reduced lesion counts and severity in mild-to-moderate acne
Verdict 1465 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Mild-to-moderate acne may improve, but lactoferrin alone is not confirmed strongly enough to replace standard treatment
1466 · Creatine monohydrate x glycemic improvement in exercise-treated type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1466 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 2 cited sources
Short-term glucose markers improved in a small exercise-add-on trial, but prevention of long-term complications remains untested
1467 · Boswellia serrata x bronchial-asthma symptoms and lung function
Verdict 1467 · Evidence Grade D · 31 · 2 cited sources
A single small asthma trial has not been replicated and cannot justify replacing standard treatment
1468 · N-acetylcysteine x reduced adult trichotillomania symptoms
Verdict 1468 · Evidence Grade D · 38 · 3 cited sources
A large signal from one adult study has not been replicated and does not establish a replacement for behavioral therapy
1469 · Astaxanthin x exercise endurance, muscle damage, and fatigue recovery
Verdict 1469 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Selected exercise and recovery signals exist, but conflicting small trials do not establish reliable performance enhancement
147 · Resistant maltodextrin x postprandial blood glucose, bowel movements, and triglycerides
Verdict 147 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 4 cited sources
Postprandial blood-glucose/triglyceride numerical improvements need to be distinguished from disease prevention
1470 · Brown noise x sleep onset, deep sleep, and sleep maintenance
Verdict 1470 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Research exists for other noise colors, but no direct human intervention evidence was identified for brown noise itself
1471 · Inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine x Prevention of clinical Japanese encephalitis in children
Verdict 1471 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Prevention of clinical Japanese encephalitis in children is strong, but old trial evidence must be bridged to current cell-culture vaccines
1472 · Human albumin 20% x Reduced mortality and hospitalization with long-term weekly administration in decompensated cirrhosis with ascites
Verdict 1472 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Promising for selected outpatients with cirrhotic ascites, but generalization is limited by one open trial and conflicting evidence
1473 · Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening x Reduced distal colorectal cancer incidence and colorectal cancer mortality in asymptomatic middle-aged adults
Verdict 1473 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 4 cited sources
Reductions in distal colorectal cancer incidence and colorectal-cancer-specific mortality have been reproduced in several large randomized trials
1474 · One-time abdominal aortic aneurysm ultrasound screening in men aged 65 to 74 years x Reduced abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture and related mortality in older men
Verdict 1474 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 3 cited sources
Reductions in AAA rupture and related mortality in men aged 65 to 74 years have been reproduced in several randomized trials
1475 · Edible castor oil x Promotion of spontaneous labor onset within 24 hours and vaginal delivery after oral ingestion at term or post-term
Verdict 1475 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
A labor-onset signal exists, but small heterogeneous studies and adverse effects make unsupervised self-use inappropriate
1476 · Earplugs x improved subjective sleep quality and nighttime awakenings in intensive-care and hospital wards
Verdict 1476 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 2 cited sources
Earplugs may help perceived sleep in a noisy ward, but combined eye-mask research leaves the earplug-specific effect uncertain
1477 · Myers' cocktail x improved fatigue, pain, and quality of life in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue
Verdict 1477 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The small placebo-controlled trial did not outperform the intravenous fluid placebo
1478 · Cumin x reduced fasting glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1478 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 2 cited sources
Glycemic surrogates show a signal, but formulations and studies are heterogeneous and complication prevention is unproven
1479 · Choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid x improved bone formation and femoral bone density in osteopenic women
Verdict 1479 · Evidence Grade D · 31 · 2 cited sources
Overall bone-density outcomes were negative, leaving only selected marker and post hoc subgroup signals
148 · Black cohosh x menopausal symptoms (hot flashes)
Verdict 148 · Evidence Grade D · 33 · 4 cited sources
Evidence for menopausal hot flashes is weaker than many expect, and there is a liver-safety issue
1480 · Low-dose oral methylene blue x slower human aging and longer healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 1480 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Mechanistic and preclinical research exists, but no trial has tested human aging rate or lifespan extension
1481 · Nimodipine x prevention of poor neurological outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Verdict 1481 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
Oral nimodipine reduces poor neurological outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but a mortality-only benefit is not definitive
1482 · Irbesartan x prevention of renal progression in proteinuric type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Verdict 1482 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Irbesartan slows composite progression of diabetic nephropathy, but the reduction in end-stage renal disease alone was statistically borderline
1483 · Bicalutamide x improved survival with salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy
Verdict 1483 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Adding bicalutamide for 24 months improved long-term survival, but in early salvage at low PSA the harms may outweigh benefit
1484 · Isoniazid x prevention of active tuberculosis in latent infection
Verdict 1484 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 4 cited sources
Isoniazid strongly reduces active tuberculosis in latent infection, but hepatotoxicity and adherence require active management
1485 · Hydroxyurea x reduction of vaso-occlusive complications in sickle cell anemia
Verdict 1485 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
Hydroxyurea reduces major vaso-occlusive complications in adult sickle cell anemia, but a mortality benefit is not confirmed by a randomized trial
1486 · iTBS x symptomatic response and remission in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder
Verdict 1486 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
iTBS can improve acute symptomatic response and remission in treatment-resistant depression, but durable and hard-outcome evidence remains limited
1487 · Caffeine shampoo x shedding, growth, and density in pattern hair loss
Verdict 1487 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 2 cited sources
Caffeine shampoo has a limited anti-shedding signal, but convincing evidence for regrowth or improved density is lacking
1488 · Eyelid warming mask x meibomian-gland-related evaporative dry eye
Verdict 1488 · Evidence Grade D · 36 · 2 cited sources
Warming masks may relieve selected MGD-related dry-eye symptoms, but sham-controlled and durable evidence is limited
1489 · Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy x pain, locking, and function in degenerative tears
Verdict 1489 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 4 cited sources
Partial meniscectomy for a middle-aged degenerative meniscal tear does not outperform sham surgery and is opposed by major guidance
149 · Tribulus terrestris x male vitality, testosterone, and exercise performance
Verdict 149 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
A pooled confidence interval for testosterone, strength, and lean mass in healthy men could not be verified. In infertile men, the meta-analytic testosterone SMD was 0.438 (95% CI -0.29 to 1.173), leaving room for substantial benefit. Because the confidence intervals do not exclude clinically meaningful benefit, the grade is D with 28 points, not F.
1490 · Oleuropein x biological aging, healthspan, and lifespan extension
Verdict 1490 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Human slowing of aging or extension of healthspan or lifespan by oleuropein has not been directly tested
1491 · Exemestane x primary prevention of invasive breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women
Verdict 1491 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Exemestane reduces invasive breast-cancer incidence in high-risk postmenopausal women, but mortality reduction is unproven
1492 · Long-acting injectable risperidone x prevention of relapse and rehospitalization in stabilized schizophrenia
Verdict 1492 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Relapse decreases in stabilized responders, but superiority over oral therapy for rehospitalization is not consistent across trials
1493 · Atovaquone/proguanil x prevention of clinical malaria in travelers to endemic areas
Verdict 1493 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
It is an effective traveler prophylaxis, but destination-appropriate prescribing, full adherence, and mosquito avoidance are all required
1494 · Medical intermittent pneumatic compression x prevention of proximal DVT and death in immobile acute stroke
Verdict 1494 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 3 cited sources
Medical inpatient IPC reduces proximal thrombosis and mortality in immobile patients with acute stroke
1495 · Terlipressin x verified renal-function reversal in cirrhosis-associated HRS-AKI
Verdict 1495 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
Short-term renal reversal increases, but survival benefit is unproven and serious respiratory harm occurs
1496 · Electroacupuncture x sleep onset, maintenance, and severity in chronic insomnia
Verdict 1496 · Evidence Grade D · 31 · 3 cited sources
Some subjective signals exist, but the pivotal sham comparison and overall evidence are not confirmatory
1497 · Vertebroplasty x pain and function in acute or subacute osteoporotic vertebral fractures
Verdict 1497 · Evidence Grade F · 7 · 3 cited sources
Cement injection has no important advantage over sham in repeated trials and carries invasive risks
1498 · Ginger root extract x weight, body fat, and waist reduction in overweight or obesity
Verdict 1498 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Weight-loss signals are small, short-term, and formulation-dependent, leaving durable clinical benefit uncertain
1499 · Everolimus x slower aging and longer healthspan or lifespan in healthy adults
Verdict 1499 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Immune-function signals exist, but no outcome trial shows slower human aging or longer healthspan or lifespan
150 · Pomegranate x antioxidant, vascular, blood pressure, and skin effects
Verdict 150 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
Blood-pressure-number improvement must be distinguished from cardiovascular-event prevention and skin efficacy
1500 · Sports mouthguard x prevention of dental and orofacial injuries in contact sports
Verdict 1500 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Dental and orofacial injury risk is consistently lower, but the evidence is mainly observational
1501 · Endovascular coil embolization x reduced death or dependency after ruptured intracranial aneurysm
Verdict 1501 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
In selected ruptured aneurysms, coiling reduced early death or dependency versus clipping but required more retreatment and had more late rebleeding
1502 · Radical external-beam radiotherapy x reduced mortality in high-risk nonmetastatic prostate cancer
Verdict 1502 · Evidence Grade A · 91 · 2 cited sources
Two large randomized trials reproduced survival benefit from adding radical radiotherapy to ADT in high-risk nonmetastatic prostate cancer
1503 · Combined Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus probiotics x prevention of severe NEC and mortality in preterm infants
Verdict 1503 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 3 cited sources
Reductions in NEC and mortality are supported, while effects and safety depend on strain, product quality, and neonatal population
1504 · Total diet replacement program x drug-free remission of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1504 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 2 cited sources
Structured total diet replacement markedly increases remission after recent diagnosis, but durability depends on maintained weight loss and continuing support
1505 · Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy x prevention of relapse in recurrent major depressive disorder
Verdict 1505 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Specialist eight-week MBCT reduces relapse in recurrent depression, but it is not equivalent to general meditation or established as superior acute treatment
1506 · Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia x improved sleep outcomes in adults with chronic insomnia
Verdict 1506 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
CBT-I has strong evidence for chronic-insomnia symptoms, but that evidence centers on symptom scales and sleep diaries rather than hard outcomes
1507 · Nitrate-rich beetroot juice x exercise tolerance and dyspnea in COPD
Verdict 1507 · Evidence Grade D · 38 · 3 cited sources
Key exercise endpoints in COPD were nonsignificant in meta-analysis, with only some subjective signals remaining, giving D
1508 · Oral vitamin E 400 IU x reduced mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis severity
Verdict 1508 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 3 cited sources
Small positive trials exist for atopic pruritus and SCORAD, but replication and long-term evidence remain limited
1509 · Kefir x fasting glucose and HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1509 · Evidence Grade D · 37 · 2 cited sources
A modest fasting-glucose signal exists, but HbA1c was not significant and products and trials were heterogeneous
151 · Berberine x blood glucose, cholesterol, and lipids
Verdict 151 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 4 cited sources
There is evidence for improving blood glucose and lipid values, but not for preventing clinical events
1510 · Seed cycling x hormones, menstrual regularity, and PMS in healthy women
Verdict 1510 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 5 cited sources
Studies of the specified protocol exist, but they are uncontrolled and small or indirect PCOS evidence, and cycle length was not significant, giving D
1511 · Dexamethasone x reduced death and poor neurological outcome in adult bacterial meningitis
Verdict 1511 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Early adjunctive dexamethasone reduces hearing loss and some poor outcomes, but its overall mortality effect varies by setting and pathogen
1512 · Bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine x prevention of clinical cholera
Verdict 1512 · Evidence Grade A · 83 · 3 cited sources
Reduction in clinical cholera in endemic settings was reproduced across multiple large placebo-controlled trials, with effect size and duration varying by age and setting
1513 · Capecitabine x prevention of recurrence and death after resection of stage III colon cancer
Verdict 1513 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Adjuvant capecitabine monotherapy was not inferior to bolus 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin for survival in stage III colon cancer, but the trial did not establish superiority
1514 · Suicide-focused cognitive behavioral therapy x prevention of repeat suicide attempts and self-harm
Verdict 1514 · Evidence Grade B · 71 · 2 cited sources
Suicide-focused CBT reduced repeat attempts after a recent adult suicide attempt, but the pivotal evidence depends heavily on one moderate-sized trial
1515 · Intravesical gemcitabine x prevention of four-year recurrence in low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Verdict 1515 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
Immediate gemcitabine instillation after TURBT reduced four-year recurrence in a dedicated large trial, but pooled evidence includes the possibility of no effect
1516 · Coenzyme Q10 x reduced mortality and heart-failure hospitalization in chronic heart failure
Verdict 1516 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
Mortality and hospitalization signals exist, but the mortality evidence depends on one medium-sized trial
1517 · Nicotinamide x improved retinal ganglion-cell and short-term visual function in glaucoma
Verdict 1517 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 3 cited sources
Retinal electrophysiology improved in the short term, but long-term visual-field preservation and blindness prevention remain unproven
1518 · Vitamin D3 x prevention of severe asthma exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids
Verdict 1518 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Updated high-quality randomized evidence found no improvement in severe exacerbations, asthma control, or lung function
1519 · L-carnitine x reduced cancer- and treatment-related fatigue
Verdict 1519 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
A large phase 3 placebo-controlled trial found no improvement in cancer-related fatigue or related symptoms
152 · Mulberry leaf extract (DNJ) x postprandial blood glucose
Verdict 152 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
This is small-scale evidence limited to a postprandial glucose surrogate marker
1520 · Sulforaphane x slower biological aging and extended healthspan or lifespan
Verdict 1520 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No completed human intervention result directly assessing aging rate, healthspan, or lifespan was identified
1521 · Oral azacitidine x remission maintenance in older transplant-ineligible AML
Verdict 1521 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
A pivotal trial showed delayed relapse and longer overall survival in older transplant-ineligible patients with AML in first remission
1522 · Cemented hip hemiarthroplasty x prevention of periprosthetic fracture
Verdict 1522 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Cemented fixation produced fewer periprosthetic fractures than modern uncemented hemiarthroplasty in older adults with femoral-neck fracture
1523 · Dabrafenib plus trametinib x relapse prevention in resected stage III BRAF-mutated melanoma
Verdict 1523 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
Adjuvant therapy reduced relapse and distant metastasis after resection of BRAF V600-mutated stage III melanoma, but overall-survival superiority remains unconfirmed
1524 · Delayed cord clamping in preterm birth x reduced death before discharge
Verdict 1524 · Evidence Grade A · 93 · 4 cited sources
High-certainty evidence across multiple randomized trials shows fewer deaths before discharge with delayed rather than immediate cord clamping in preterm birth
1525 · Aspirin x long-term colorectal cancer prevention in Lynch syndrome
Verdict 1525 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
One pivotal randomized trial found fewer colorectal cancers years after about two years of aspirin use in carriers of Lynch syndrome
1526 · Resistant starch x reduction of intrahepatic triglyceride and liver fat in MASLD/NAFLD
Verdict 1526 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
The positive four-month liver-fat signal has not established slower clinical liver-disease progression
1527 · Bedtime collagen peptides x reduced sleep fragmentation and nocturnal awakenings
Verdict 1527 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
The awakening signal comes from one seven-day trial in 13 men and does not establish broad sleep improvement
1528 · Vitamin K2 MK-7 x improved fasting glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes or prediabetes
Verdict 1528 · Evidence Grade D · 38 · 4 cited sources
Some diabetes trials were positive, but the direction and magnitude of pooled evidence are not stably reproduced
1529 · Sodium citrate x improved repeated high-intensity exercise and sport performance
Verdict 1529 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Blood buffering occurs, but improvement in high-intensity or sport performance is not consistent across events
153 · Nopal/prickly pear cactus (Opuntia) x blood glucose, weight loss, and cholesterol
Verdict 153 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
The evidence remains at the level of small metabolic-marker studies
1530 · Bovine colostrum x slower biological aging and extended healthspan or lifespan
Verdict 1530 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Immune, gut, and exercise research exists, but no human trial directly testing biological aging rate, healthspan, or lifespan was identified
1531 · Intensive lifestyle intervention x prevention of type 2 diabetes in overweight adults with impaired glucose tolerance
Verdict 1531 · Evidence Grade A · 94 · 4 cited sources
Intensive diet, exercise, and behavioral programs reduced incident type 2 diabetes across multiple independent trials
1532 · Nordic hamstring exercise x prevention of first and recurrent hamstring injuries in athletes
Verdict 1532 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Progressive Nordic hamstring programs reduced football hamstring injuries, with adherence and methodological limitations
1533 · Poractant alfa x reduction of neonatal mortality and pneumothorax in preterm respiratory distress syndrome
Verdict 1533 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 4 cited sources
Poractant alfa itself reduced mortality and pneumothorax, but absolute effects from older trials may differ under modern early-CPAP and selective-surfactant care
1534 · Whole-body therapeutic hypothermia x prevention of death or severe disability in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Verdict 1534 · Evidence Grade A · 85 · 4 cited sources
Whole-body cooling reduces death or severe disability in appropriate intensive-care settings, but HELIX prevents generalization across all settings
1535 · Bilevel non-invasive ventilation x prevention of death and intubation in acute hypercapnic COPD exacerbation
Verdict 1535 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
NIV reduces mortality and intubation in acute hypercapnic COPD exacerbation, with moderate-certainty evidence
1536 · Naltrexone x relief of refractory pruritus in cholestatic liver disease
Verdict 1536 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Short-term itch intensity may decrease, but quality-of-life and liver-disease progression evidence remains limited
1537 · Positional therapy device x reduced AHI and daytime sleepiness in positional obstructive sleep apnea
Verdict 1537 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 2 cited sources
Short-term AHI decreases in positional disease, but long-term adherence and clinical-outcome evidence are inadequate
1538 · Scrotal cooling patch or device x improved semen parameters and pregnancy likelihood in oligozoospermia
Verdict 1538 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 3 cited sources
Semen-parameter signals exist, but increased pregnancy and live birth have not been established
1539 · Ginkgo biloba extract x lower intraocular pressure and slower visual-field loss in normal-tension glaucoma
Verdict 1539 · Evidence Grade D · 23 · 2 cited sources
Pooled pressure and visual-field effects were nonsignificant, and ocular blood-flow measures do not substitute for clinical efficacy
154 · Acai berry x antioxidant and anti-aging
Verdict 154 · Evidence Grade D · 38 · 3 cited sources
There is no clinical evidence for anti-aging or health-benefit claims
1540 · Young-donor plasma infusion x reversal of aging, restored memory, and extended healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 1540 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No completed human trial result established reversal of normal aging or longer life, and regulators warn of transfusion risks
1541 · Home long-term NIV x delayed readmission or death after an acute COPD exacerbation
Verdict 1541 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
The readmission-or-death composite is positive in selected persistent hypercapnia, but mortality alone and pooled evidence are inconsistent
1542 · Public-access AED x increased survival to hospital discharge after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Verdict 1542 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
A planned public-access program increased survival to discharge, but home placement did not show a survival benefit
1543 · Long-lasting insecticidal nets x prevention of clinical malaria and child mortality
Verdict 1543 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 4 cited sources
Insecticide-treated nets reduced clinical malaria and all-cause child mortality across multiple trials in endemic areas
1544 · Immediate kangaroo mother care x reduced neonatal mortality in preterm or low-birth-weight infants
Verdict 1544 · Evidence Grade A · 94 · 3 cited sources
Immediate KMC reduced neonatal mortality in a large multinational trial and in a synthesis of multiple randomized trials
1545 · Organised inpatient stroke-unit care x reduced death, dependency, and institutional care
Verdict 1545 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
A specialist multidisciplinary stroke ward reduced death, dependency, and institutional care compared with general-ward care
1546 · Structured breathwork x relief of stress and anxiety symptoms in adults
Verdict 1546 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Structured breathwork has a small signal for reducing self-reported stress and anxiety in general adults, but evidence for clinical anxiety disorders is inadequate
1547 · Paraffin bath therapy x pain, grip strength, and hand function in hand osteoarthritis
Verdict 1547 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 2 cited sources
Hand paraffin baths have a short-term signal for pain, grip strength, and hand function, but the evidence is small and heterogeneous
1548 · Active temperature-controlled mattress cover x objective sleep time, deep sleep, and sleep efficiency
Verdict 1548 · Evidence Grade D · 36 · 3 cited sources
Unlike the signal for subjective comfort, objective sleep time, deep sleep, and efficiency findings for active temperature-controlled covers remain inconsistent
1549 · Waist trainer x persistent reduction of abdominal fat and waist circumference
Verdict 1549 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 2 cited sources
Waist shaping during wear is distinct from persistent loss of abdominal fat or waist circumference, which human trials have not confirmed
155 · Rosehip (Rosa canina) x osteoarthritis and antioxidant
Verdict 155 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
This is limited evidence for possible osteoarthritis pain relief
1550 · Pre-exercise static stretching x prevention of exercise and sports injuries
Verdict 1550 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 3 cited sources
Pre-exercise static stretching can increase flexibility, but pooled evidence is null for preventing overall injury when used alone
1551 · School and childcare hand-washing promotion program x prevention of diarrhoea episodes in children
Verdict 1551 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 4 cited sources
Hand-washing promotion reduced childhood diarrhoea episodes by about 30% in high-income schools and childcare centres
1552 · Dispatcher-assisted compression-only CPR x increased survival to discharge after non-asphyxial out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Verdict 1552 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Dispatcher-assisted compression-only CPR increased discharge survival versus standard CPR instructions in non-asphyxial out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
1553 · Low-tidal-volume lung-protective ventilation x reduced 28-day and hospital mortality in adult ARDS
Verdict 1553 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Low-tidal-volume lung-protective ventilation reduced short-term mortality in adult ARDS with moderate-certainty evidence
1554 · 4% chlorhexidine cord care x prevention of omphalitis and neonatal death in settings with unhygienic cord practices
Verdict 1554 · Evidence Grade B · 69 · 3 cited sources
Four-percent chlorhexidine cord care reduces omphalitis in settings with unhygienic practices, while mortality evidence is low certainty
1555 · Household flocculant-disinfectant sachet x prevention of infectious diarrhoea in contaminated-water settings
Verdict 1555 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Household flocculant-disinfectant sachets reduce diarrhoea in contaminated-water settings with moderate-certainty evidence
1556 · WHO Surgical Safety Checklist x reduced postoperative complications, surgical-site infection, and mortality
Verdict 1556 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 3 cited sources
Positive signals exist, but randomized evidence and replication in routine implementation remain limited
1557 · Balance and functional exercise x prevention of fall-related fractures in community-dwelling older adults
Verdict 1557 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
Evidence for fewer falls is strong, but certainty for fracture prevention is low
1558 · Silver-containing surgical dressing x prevention of surgical-site infection in closed surgical wounds
Verdict 1558 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
The latest meta-analysis supports fewer infections, but product and procedure heterogeneity remains
1559 · Dawn-simulation sunrise alarm x improved sleep inertia, post-waking sleepiness, and alert performance
Verdict 1559 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 2 cited sources
Post-waking alertness signals exist, but samples are extremely small and objective results are inconsistent
156 · Sulforaphane/broccoli sprout extract x antioxidant, detoxification, and anticancer
Verdict 156 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
There is human biomarker evidence, but it is not anticancer clinical evidence
1560 · Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation wearable x slower biological aging, longer healthspan, and longer lifespan
Verdict 1560 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Short-term autonomic studies exist, but no completed trial directly measures aging rate, healthspan, or lifespan
1561 · Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation x reduced recurrent myocardial infarction and hospitalisation in coronary heart disease
Verdict 1561 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 2 cited sources
Recurrent myocardial infarction has high-certainty evidence, while reduced all-cause admission has moderate-certainty evidence
1562 · Post-exacerbation pulmonary rehabilitation x prevention of readmission after COPD hospitalization
Verdict 1562 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 2 cited sources
Readmission reduction has moderate certainty, while mortality reduction has low certainty
1563 · Professional fluoride varnish x prevention of caries in children's and adolescents' primary and permanent teeth
Verdict 1563 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Prevention of new caries in primary and permanent teeth has moderate certainty
1564 · Prophylactic closed-incision negative-pressure wound therapy x prevention of postoperative surgical-site infection
Verdict 1564 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Surgical-site infection is reduced with moderate certainty, but reductions in other wound complications are not established
1565 · Daily inpatient toothbrushing x prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia
Verdict 1565 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Pneumonia prevention has moderate certainty and is best supported in mechanically ventilated ICU patients
1566 · Enhanced recovery after colorectal surgery x reduced complications and 30-day readmission
Verdict 1566 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Overall complications and hospital stay may decrease, but reduced readmission has not been established
1567 · Postnatal breastfeeding counselling and support x improved six-month continuation
Verdict 1567 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Six-month breastfeeding continuation improves, but this is distinct from hard infant outcomes
1568 · Hearing-aid intervention x prevention of cognitive decline and dementia
Verdict 1568 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Three-year cognitive decline was not reduced in the overall randomized cohort
1569 · Manual material handling training x prevention of low back pain, disability, and absence
Verdict 1569 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
Proper-lifting training did not reduce actual back pain, disability, or absence
157 · Moringa (Moringa oleifera) x nutrition, blood glucose, antioxidant, and cholesterol
Verdict 157 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Clinical evidence for efficacy is weak compared with evidence for use as a nutritional food
1570 · Wearable core-temperature and heat-stress sensor x prevention of heat exhaustion and heatstroke
Verdict 1570 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Sensor accuracy has been studied, but prevention of heat-exhaustion or heatstroke incidence has not been tested
1571 · Maternal RSVpreF vaccine x prevention of severe infant RSV lower respiratory tract illness through 6 months
Verdict 1571 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
One maternal dose substantially reduces severe RSV lower respiratory tract illness through 6 months of age, but gestational timing and continuing safety surveillance matter
1572 · Finerenone x reduced composite risk of worsening heart failure and cardiovascular death in HFmrEF or HFpEF
Verdict 1572 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 2 cited sources
Finerenone reduces worsening events in heart failure with ejection fraction of at least 40%, but cardiovascular death alone was not reduced and potassium monitoring is essential
1573 · Linaclotide x improved complete spontaneous bowel movement frequency and evacuation completeness in chronic idiopathic constipation
Verdict 1573 · Evidence Grade B · 69 · 3 cited sources
Linaclotide repeatedly improved complete spontaneous bowel movements in chronic idiopathic constipation, but response is not universal and diarrhea is common
1574 · Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy x improved erectile function and erection hardness in vasculogenic erectile dysfunction
Verdict 1574 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
Li-ESWT may slightly improve short-term erectile-function scores, but it remains an investigational procedure without a standardized protocol or established durable benefit
1575 · Repeated low-level red-light therapy x slowed axial elongation and refractive progression in children with myopia
Verdict 1575 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 5 cited sources
RLRL markedly slows surrogate measures of myopia progression, but rebound and device-specific retinal-safety uncertainty argue against unsupervised long-term use
1576 · Retatrutide x substantial weight loss in adults with obesity
Verdict 1576 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
The magnitude of weight loss is very large, but retatrutide remains investigational and long-term cardiovascular and mortality benefits are not established
1577 · Intra-articular hyaluronic acid x clinically meaningful improvement in knee osteoarthritis pain and function
Verdict 1577 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 4 cited sources
Average pain and function benefits over placebo are too small to meet a patient-important threshold
1578 · Molnupiravir x prevention of hospitalization and death in vaccinated high-risk outpatients with COVID-19
Verdict 1578 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 3 cited sources
In vaccinated high-risk patients, recovery was somewhat faster but hospitalization and death were not reduced
1579 · High-dose intravenous vitamin C x reduced death and persistent organ dysfunction in vasopressor-dependent sepsis
Verdict 1579 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
LOVIT found RR 1.21 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.40) for the composite and RR 1.17 (0.98 to 1.40) for mortality, but the exact composite was tested confirmatorily only once. Across 22 trials and 3,570 participants, pooled mortality RR was 0.92 (0.81 to 1.04), leaving room for benefit. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 30 points, not F.
158 · Huperzine A x memory and cognition
Verdict 158 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
This is closer to a signal from small cognition studies in disease populations
1580 · Does topical Houttuynia cordata suppress androgenetic alopecia and regrow hair?
Verdict 1580 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Preclinical studies suggest a hair-growth hypothesis, but efficacy of a single-ingredient topical product for androgenetic alopecia in living humans has not been tested or established.
1581 · Aspirin x reduced early death and recurrent stroke in acute ischemic stroke
Verdict 1581 · Evidence Grade A · 93 · 5 cited sources
When clinicians give aspirin within 48 hours after excluding intracranial hemorrhage, it produces a small but reliable reduction in death and recurrent stroke
1582 · Hydroxyzine x improved sleep onset and maintenance in adult insomnia
Verdict 1582 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 5 cited sources
Short-term sedation may help, but evidence for sleep onset and maintenance in typical adult insomnia is small and unstable
1583 · Behavioral activation x improved symptoms and functioning in major depressive disorder
Verdict 1583 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 4 cited sources
Structured face-to-face behavioral activation improves symptoms and functioning in major depressive disorder and is a practical alternative that is not inferior to CBT
1584 · High-dose UDCA x reduced transplantation, cirrhosis, and death in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Verdict 1584 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
The confirmatory trial of 28 to 30 mg/kg/day was a single 150-participant study: composite HR 2.27 (95% CI 1.24 to 4.16), and HR 2.11 (1.04 to 4.28) for death, transplantation, or minimal listing criteria. Across mixed doses in primary sclerosing cholangitis, pooled mortality OR was 1.51 (0.63 to 3.63), leaving room for large benefit. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 25 points, not F.
1585 · Vitamin C x improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1585 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
Vitamin C may modestly lower HbA1c and glucose in type 2 diabetes, but it has not been shown to prevent diabetic complications
1586 · Intravenous MSC-derived exosomes x reversal of systemic aging and extension of healthspan in healthy adults
Verdict 1586 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
There is no human efficacy evidence that intravenous MSC exosomes reverse aging or extend healthspan in healthy adults, and unapproved products carry serious safety warnings
1587 · Semaglutide 1.0 mg x fewer major kidney and mortality events in chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1587 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
This chronic-kidney-disease verdict for semaglutide 1.0 mg rests on one large FLOW trial and concerns a different indication from the A verdict with 84 points in 615 and the A verdict with 90 points in 1191
1588 · Sodium phosphate loading x improved endurance and time-trial performance in trained cyclists
Verdict 1588 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 5 cited sources
Sodium phosphate has a performance signal in one tiny cycling trial, but several later small trials failed to reproduce it
1589 · LGG plus BB-12 probiotics x prevention of gestational diabetes
Verdict 1589 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
LGG plus BB-12 failed to prevent gestational diabetes in the largest direct trial in pregnancy with overweight or obesity, and pregnancy safety signals should not be ignored
159 · L-tyrosine x stress, focus, and cognitive performance
Verdict 159 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
This is short-term cognitive-performance evidence limited to acute high-stress situations
1590 · Modafinil x reduction of cancer-related fatigue across patients with cancer
Verdict 1590 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 5 cited sources
Modafinil did not reduce fatigue across patients with cancer, and the small severe-fatigue subgroup signal has not been independently replicated
1591 · Sotatercept x reduced composite risk of death, lung transplantation, or hospitalization in high-risk pulmonary arterial hypertension
Verdict 1591 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Sotatercept markedly reduced the composite risk of death, lung transplantation, or worsening hospitalization in high-risk pulmonary arterial hypertension, but mortality alone remains unconfirmed
1592 · Low-dose aspirin x reduced postoperative recurrence of PI3K-altered localized colorectal cancer
Verdict 1592 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Low-dose aspirin reduced postoperative recurrence in localized colorectal cancer with a qualifying PI3K-pathway alteration, but the result does not apply to every patient with colorectal cancer
1593 · Semaglutide x improved pain and physical function in knee osteoarthritis with obesity
Verdict 1593 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Semaglutide improved pain and physical function in knee osteoarthritis with obesity, but whether the effect is independent of weight loss remains unknown
1594 · Oral tranexamic acid x reduced facial pigmentation and MASI severity in adult melasma
Verdict 1594 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 5 cited sources
Short-term evidence supports oral 250 mg dosing, not topical or intradermal superiority, and thromboembolic contraindications and long-term safety remain important
1595 · Vitamin D3 x slowed biological aging through reduced telomere attrition
Verdict 1595 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Vitamin D3 slightly reduced leukocyte telomere attrition but did not establish slower biological aging or longer life
1596 · Multivitamin-mineral supplement x delayed decline in global cognition and episodic memory in older adults
Verdict 1596 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
Cognitive tests showed a very small benefit, but independent replication and dementia prevention remain unproven
1597 · Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir x increased early sustained recovery in vaccinated high-risk outpatients with COVID-19
Verdict 1597 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
Open-label early recovery in vaccinated high-risk adults supports C, while hospitalization or death was not reduced; EPIC-HR did confirm that benefit in unvaccinated high-risk adults
1598 · Beta-blockers x prevention of death, reinfarction, and heart failure after myocardial infarction with left ventricular ejection fraction of at least 50%
Verdict 1598 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 4 cited sources
This verdict is limited to ejection fraction of at least 50% without another indication; beta-blockers remain standard in reduced-ejection-fraction heart failure and must not be stopped abruptly
1599 · Extended-release exenatide x long-term slowing of motor-symptom progression in Parkinson's disease
Verdict 1599 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
A formal Expression of Concern published online June 22, 2026, marks phase 3 trial conduct and data as under investigation; if resolved with +0.92 points and P=0.47 intact, this should be regraded F
160 · Phosphatidylcholine/lecithin x cognition and liver
Verdict 160 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
The cognition-improvement claim was not supported in clinical trials
1600 · Vortioxetine x improved cognition, attention, and processing speed in major depressive disorder independently of antidepressant effects
Verdict 1600 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 5 cited sources
Cognitive-test signals exist, but independence from relief of depression and real-world functional benefit remain unestablished
1601 · Elinzanetant x reduced menopausal hot flashes and night sweats
Verdict 1601 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Hot-flash and night-sweat reduction is reproducible, but liver monitoring and limits of long-term evidence still matter
1602 · Aspirin 300 mg x reduced recurrence and death in high-risk HER2-negative breast cancer
Verdict 1602 · Evidence Grade F · 17 · 2 cited sources
The breast cancer recurrence-prevention hypothesis was reversed in a large phase 3 trial and must be kept separate from other aspirin indications
1603 · Aquablation x improved BPH urinary symptoms with less ejaculatory dysfunction
Verdict 1603 · Evidence Grade B · 65 · 3 cited sources
Urinary relief is similar to TURP and ejaculatory dysfunction is less frequent, but the single-trial evidence and bleeding risk still matter
1604 · Pegcetacoplan x slower geographic atrophy lesion enlargement
Verdict 1604 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Slower lesion enlargement is not the same as preserved vision; visual-function endpoints were null in both phase 3 trials, and repeated injections carry ocular risks
1605 · Elafibranor x improved biochemical response in primary biliary cholangitis
Verdict 1605 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Liver tests improved markedly, but relief of pruritus and real clinical benefits such as fewer transplants or deaths remain unconfirmed
1606 · Oveporexton x reduced daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in narcolepsy type 1
Verdict 1606 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Daytime sleepiness and cataplexy benefits have been replicated, but the evidence remains centered on short development trials and needs long-term safety confirmation
1607 · Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir x reduced symptom burden in established long COVID
Verdict 1607 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
Unlike its role in acute COVID-19, a fifteen-day regimen did not improve fatigue, brain fog, or overall burden in established long COVID
1608 · Menthol mouth rinse x improved endurance performance in the heat
Verdict 1608 · Evidence Grade D · 36 · 3 cited sources
Menthol may feel cooling, but pooled improvement in endurance performance has not reached statistical confirmation
1609 · SLU-PP-332 x improved human endurance and muscle function without exercise
Verdict 1609 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Despite the exercise-mimetic label, no human evidence exists and the reported performance gains came only from intraperitoneally dosed mice
161 · Eleuthero/Siberian ginseng x fatigue, stress, and exercise
Verdict 161 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
Fatigue and exercise evidence is small and unstable
1610 · AOD-9604 x clinically meaningful weight and body-fat loss with diet and exercise
Verdict 1610 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 2 cited sources
The large trial failed despite an early small signal, and the marketed subcutaneous form has no human efficacy evidence
1611 · Low-FODMAP diet x relief of abdominal pain, bloating, and global symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome
Verdict 1611 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Short-term symptom relief is supported, but strict restriction should be temporary and followed by reintroduction and personalization
1612 · Finasteride 1 mg x slowed progression and increased hair growth in adult male androgenetic alopecia
Verdict 1612 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 4 cited sources
Hair growth and slowed progression are repeatedly demonstrated, but continued treatment is needed and sexual and psychiatric risks require attention
1613 · Clesrovimab x prevention of RSV-associated medically attended lower respiratory infection and RSV-associated hospitalization during an infant's first RSV season
Verdict 1613 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Lower respiratory disease and hospitalization fall substantially during the first RSV season, but evidence rests on one manufacturer-sponsored pivotal trial
1614 · Orforglipron x reduction of glycated hemoglobin in early type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1614 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Glycated hemoglobin and weight fall, but molecule-specific cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality benefits remain unproven
1615 · Xanomeline–trospium x reduction of positive and negative symptoms during acute exacerbation of schizophrenia
Verdict 1615 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 5 cited sources
Acute total symptoms improve over five weeks, but evidence comes from one developer's program and long-term relapse prevention and functional recovery remain unproven
1616 · Does genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation improve short-term pain and function in knee osteoarthritis?
Verdict 1616 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
The verdict recognizes the short-term pain and function signal while excluding unproven durable or structural benefit.
1617 · Does intranasal insulin slow decline in mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer disease?
Verdict 1617 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
The verdict prioritizes the pivotal 12-month trial and current randomized synthesis over early and subgroup signals.
1618 · Does Paxlovid prevent COVID-19 after household exposure?
Verdict 1618 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
This verdict evaluates postexposure prophylaxis in test-negative household contacts separately from acute treatment and long-COVID treatment.
1619 · Does high-dose CBD isolate relieve acute low back or knee osteoarthritis pain?
Verdict 1619 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
The evaluation is indication-specific and separates high-dose CBD isolate for musculoskeletal pain from the insomnia verdict.
162 · Vitamin B1 (thiamine) x fatigue and nerve function
Verdict 162 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
Deficiency correction is strongly supported, but general fatigue claims are weak
1620 · Does oral KPV relieve inflammatory bowel disease or leaky-gut symptoms?
Verdict 1620 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
There are zero human efficacy trials of KPV itself; the searchable phase 2 ulcerative-colitis study tested the different analog K(D)PT.
1621 · Vutrisiran x reduced mortality and recurrent cardiovascular events in ATTR-CM
Verdict 1621 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
The mortality and recurrent cardiovascular-event composite improved, based on one large confirmatory trial
1622 · Acoramidis x improved hierarchical composite outcome in ATTR-CM
Verdict 1622 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
The hierarchical composite improved, but it must not be read as mortality benefit alone
1623 · Baxdrostat x reduced systolic blood pressure in uncontrolled or resistant hypertension
Verdict 1623 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 2 cited sources
It lowered blood pressure, but cardiovascular-event and mortality reduction remain unproven
1624 · Avacincaptad pegol x slowed geographic atrophy lesion enlargement
Verdict 1624 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
It slows lesion enlargement, but preservation of vision has not been demonstrated
1625 · Maralixibat x relief of cholestatic pruritus in children with Alagille syndrome
Verdict 1625 · Evidence Grade D · 38 · 2 cited sources
Pruritus may improve, but the evidence is very small and conflicts with an earlier trial
1626 · Linzagolix x reduced heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids
Verdict 1626 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 2 cited sources
Bleeding reduction is well supported, but bone health and add-back therapy matter
1627 · Elamipretide x walking ability and fatigue in primary mitochondrial myopathy
Verdict 1627 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Early signals were not replicated in confirmatory phase 3 testing
1628 · Oral semaglutide 14 mg x delayed progression of early Alzheimer disease
Verdict 1628 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 2 cited sources
Biomarkers changed, but cognitive and functional decline did not slow
1629 · FOXO4-DRI x reversal of human aging and functional decline
Verdict 1629 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
This is an animal-research compound, not a validated human anti-aging therapy
163 · Goji berry (wolfberry) × eye, fatigue, immunity, antioxidant
Verdict 163 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
Eye-pigment markers are visible, but the evidence becomes weak when expanded to fatigue and immunity.
1630 · Montelukast x symptom improvement in pediatric and adult allergic rhinitis and asthma
Verdict 1630 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
Oral convenience comes with weaker efficacy than standard steroid therapy and an important neuropsychiatric warning
1631 · Zuranolone x Rapid reduction of depressive symptoms in postpartum depression
Verdict 1631 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Two peer-reviewed phase 3 original reports, analyzing 196 and 151 patients, both met the Day 15 HAM-D-17 primary endpoint, supporting B with 74 points.
1632 · Tenapanor x Concurrent improvement in abdominal pain and complete spontaneous bowel movements in IBS-C
Verdict 1632 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Two peer-reviewed phase 3 trials with randomized populations of 629 and 620 and ITT populations of 606 and 593 both met the abdominal-pain-plus-CSBM primary endpoint, supporting B with 70 points.
1633 · Clascoterone x Improved treatment success and lesion counts in moderate-to-severe facial acne
Verdict 1633 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Two phase 3 trials reported in a peer-reviewed article, with ITT populations of 708 and 732, met all co-primary IGA and lesion-count endpoints, supporting B with 68 points.
1634 · MED3000 x Improved IIEF-EF and intercourse success in men with erectile dysfunction
Verdict 1634 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
FM57 used MED3000 as the control vehicle for other drug gels, preventing estimation of efficacy versus an inactive placebo, while FM71 was open-label and tadalafil-controlled; this supports C with 42 points.
1635 · Autologous platelet-rich plasma x Clinically meaningful IIEF-EF improvement in mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction
Verdict 1635 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
Small randomized trials conflict, and the strictest independent placebo-controlled trial failed its 1-month MCID primary endpoint in the actual 52-patient analysis, supporting C with 43 points.
1636 · Carbohydrate mouth rinse x a small improvement in cycling mean power output
Verdict 1636 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
Mean power may rise slightly, but a faster completion time has not been demonstrated
1637 · Lorecivivint x reduced pain in moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1637 · Evidence Grade D · 26 · 2 cited sources
The overall phase 3 pain result was null, and the grade 2 signal was only exploratory
1638 · CagriSema x weight loss noninferior to tirzepatide 15 mg
Verdict 1638 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
Weight loss was large, but the claim of matching tirzepatide failed
1639 · High-dose biotin x reversal of walking impairment and disability in progressive multiple sclerosis
Verdict 1639 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
In the 642-participant SPI2 trial, disability improvement was 12% versus 9%, OR 1.35 (95% CI 0.81 to 2.26), leaving room for large benefit. The earlier 154-participant trial was positive at 12.6% versus 0%, so this is not repeated refutation. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 30 points, not F.
164 · Omega-3 (EPA/DHA) × dry eye disease
Verdict 164 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 2 cited sources
A treatment effect for dry eye disease was not confirmed in a large RCT.
1640 · Cardarine x improved endurance and exercise performance in humans
Verdict 1640 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
There is no human performance evidence, while animal tumor and anti-doping warnings are clear
1641 · Guaiac fecal occult blood testing x reduced colorectal cancer mortality with repeated screening
Verdict 1641 · Evidence Grade A · 94 · 5 cited sources
Repeated gFOBT reduces colorectal cancer mortality, but it has not been shown to reduce all-cause mortality
1642 · Inactivated poliovirus vaccine x prevention of paralytic poliomyelitis in children
Verdict 1642 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
IPV strongly prevents paralytic polio but does not completely block intestinal infection and transmission
1643 · Screening mammography x reduced breast cancer mortality in women in their 40s
Verdict 1643 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 4 cited sources
Mammography in the 40s can modestly reduce breast cancer mortality but brings false positives and overdiagnosis
1644 · Magnesium chloride x improved fasting and post-load glucose in prediabetes with hypomagnesemia
Verdict 1644 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 2 cited sources
Glucose values improved in prediabetes with hypomagnesemia, but prevention of diabetes remains unproven
1645 · Red and near-infrared LED mask x small improvement in crow's-feet wrinkles
Verdict 1645 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 2 cited sources
One LED mask modestly improved crow's-feet grade, but whole-face anti-aging and long-term benefit remain unknown
1646 · Obeticholic acid x prevention of clinical progression in PBC
Verdict 1646 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 4 cited sources
Liver tests improved, but the confirmatory trial did not show slower clinical progression
1647 · Eight-hour time-restricted eating x extra weight loss without calorie restriction
Verdict 1647 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 5 cited sources
An eating window may help reduce intake, but calorie-independent extra weight loss is unproven
1648 · Vitamin C 500 mg x prevention of age-related cataract
Verdict 1648 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 2 cited sources
Long-term vitamin C 500 mg did not prevent cataract onset, progression, or surgery
1649 · BCG-Denmark revaccination x prevention of adult COVID-19
Verdict 1649 · Evidence Grade F · 9 · 4 cited sources
The trained-immunity mechanism is interesting, but BCG revaccination did not prevent adult COVID-19
165 · Cassia seed (Cassia obtusifolia/Senna obtusifolia seed) × eyes, constipation
Verdict 165 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Constipation is lower-end C mechanistically, while the eye claim lacks evidence.
1650 · Detox foot pads x removal of heavy metals and waste
Verdict 1650 · Evidence Grade D · 20 · 4 cited sources
A 53-person human-use study found no increased heavy-metal removal, and manufacturer clinical-study promotions from Kenrico and others were not accepted as independent efficacy evidence
1651 · Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy x prevention of incident gastric cancer in asymptomatic infection
Verdict 1651 · Evidence Grade A · 93 · 3 cited sources
Eradication lowers gastric-cancer incidence in asymptomatic infection, but does not establish lower all-cause mortality or eliminate residual risk
1652 · Intravenous racemic ketamine x symptom reduction within 24 hours in treatment-resistant depression
Verdict 1652 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Rapid depressive-symptom reduction within 24 hours is supported, but durability and repeated maintenance treatment require separate evidence
1653 · Tai chi x improved sleep in older adults with chronic insomnia
Verdict 1653 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Sleep maintenance and subjective insomnia can improve, but total sleep time, sleep onset, and insomnia remission are inconsistent
1654 · Rifaximin 550 mg x relief of global symptoms in nonconstipated irritable bowel syndrome
Verdict 1654 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Global symptom relief was replicated, but absolute benefit was modest and confirmation is concentrated in the manufacturer's program
1655 · Pelvic floor muscle exercise plus manometric biofeedback x improved erectile function
Verdict 1655 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 2 cited sources
IIEF erectile function improved meaningfully, but evidence remains limited to one small trial analyzing 50 completers
1656 · High-dose intravenous vitamin C x reduced temporary fatigue in healthy office workers
Verdict 1656 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Current fatigue remained lower from two hours through the next day, but usual fatigue, worst fatigue, and long-term benefit from repeated dosing were not established
1657 · Low-dose naltrexone 6 mg x reduced fibromyalgia pain
Verdict 1657 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 3 cited sources
Unlike the early small positive signal, the primary pain endpoint failed in the 99-person confirmatory trial
1658 · Oral minoxidil 5 mg x superior hair growth versus topical 5% minoxidil
Verdict 1658 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 3 cited sources
Oral minoxidil itself was not shown ineffective, but superiority over topical 5% minoxidil was not established
1659 · Testosterone 1% gel x improved memory and cognition in older men with low testosterone
Verdict 1659 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 2 cited sources
Normalizing testosterone concentrations did not improve memory or broader cognition in two independent trials
166 · Saccharomyces boulardii × diarrhea, gut health
Verdict 166 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 4 cited sources
There is evidence for diarrhea prevention, but it is limited when broadened to all general gut health.
1660 · Acupuncture before and after embryo transfer x increased IVF live-birth rate
Verdict 1660 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
Acupuncture may make the embryo-transfer experience more relaxing, but it did not increase live-birth rates
1661 · High-risk HPV screening x prevention of invasive cervical cancer
Verdict 1661 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 2 cited sources
High-risk HPV screening with appropriate follow-up prevents invasive cervical cancer better than cytology alone
1662 · Intranasal fluticasone x reduced nasal symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Verdict 1662 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Intranasal fluticasone reduces congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing in seasonal allergic rhinitis but is not an instant cure
1663 · Pelvic floor muscle training x reduced female stress urinary leakage
Verdict 1663 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Correctly performed pelvic floor muscle training is an effective first-line conservative treatment for leakage and symptoms of female stress urinary incontinence
1664 · Ruxolitinib 1.5% cream x facial repigmentation in nonsegmental vitiligo
Verdict 1664 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Ruxolitinib cream repigments facial lesions in some patients with nonsegmental vitiligo, but independent confirmation and durability data remain needed
1665 · Low-level red-light or laser helmet x increased hair density in androgenetic alopecia
Verdict 1665 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Low-level red-light or laser helmets may increase hair counts in some androgenetic alopecia, but efficacy cannot be assumed equivalent across products
1666 · Oral tranexamic acid x reduction in melasma area and pigmentation intensity
Verdict 1666 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
Melasma pigmentation scores may improve in the short term, but durable clearance and relapse prevention are not established
1667 · Heated humidified air x reduction in common-cold symptoms and duration
Verdict 1667 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Warm humidity may feel soothing, but it has not been shown to reduce common-cold symptoms or duration
1668 · Evening primrose oil x relief of cyclical mastalgia
Verdict 1668 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 2 cited sources
Evening primrose oil has not reliably reduced cyclical breast pain more than placebo or control oil
1669 · Arthroscopic lavage or debridement x improved knee-osteoarthritis pain and function
Verdict 1669 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 2 cited sources
Added benefit from lavage or debridement for knee-osteoarthritis pain and function has been repeatedly refuted
167 · Peppermint oil (enteric-coated) × irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Verdict 167 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 4 cited sources
There is direct evidence for IBS symptoms, but formulation and safety exceptions are important.
1670 · Acupuncture or auricular acupuncture x smoking abstinence lasting at least six months
Verdict 1670 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The effect of acupuncture and auricular acupuncture on abstinence lasting at least six months has been studied but remains unconfirmed
1671 · Pitavastatin x prevention of major cardiovascular events in people with HIV
Verdict 1671 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Pitavastatin significantly reduced direct cardiovascular events for primary prevention in people with HIV
1672 · Telmisartan x prevention of major cardiovascular events in high-risk patients
Verdict 1672 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Telmisartan matched ramipril for prevention, but superiority over placebo was not replicated on the primary endpoint
1673 · Perindopril-based regimen x prevention of recurrent stroke
Verdict 1673 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Recurrent-stroke prevention was demonstrated for the blood-pressure-lowering regimen, mainly when indapamide was added, not for perindopril alone
1674 · Fexofenadine x reduction of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms
Verdict 1674 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Fexofenadine reduces seasonal rhinitis symptoms, but the evidence is concentrated in short commercial-development trials
1675 · Oral magnesium x reduction of migraine attack frequency
Verdict 1675 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
A specific high-dose magnesium citrate formulation has a positive signal, but a separate failed trial keeps certainty low
1676 · Acupuncture x improvement of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms, quality of life, and antihistamine use
Verdict 1676 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
Acupuncture may provide a small short-term benefit during pollen season, but durable benefit is not established
1677 · Glucosamine sulfate x improvement of chronic low back pain and disability associated with degenerative lumbar disease
Verdict 1677 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 2 cited sources
Glucosamine was no better than placebo for chronic low back pain or disability linked to degenerative lumbar disease
1678 · Intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide x long-term relief of knee osteoarthritis pain with repeated injections
Verdict 1678 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Repeated triamcinolone injections did not improve 2-year pain and produced greater cartilage-thickness loss
1679 · Ivermectin x prevention of severe progression or hospitalization in early covid-19
Verdict 1679 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Large trials did not establish ivermectin benefit, but their confidence intervals did not exclude meaningful benefit
168 · Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) × gut health, bowel movements, IBS
Verdict 168 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
There are bowel-movement and IBS signals, but the evidence is limited.
1680 · Marine omega-3 EPA and DHA x prevention of incident atrial fibrillation and protection of heart rhythm
Verdict 1680 · Evidence Grade F · 3 · 2 cited sources
Omega-3 did not prevent atrial fibrillation, and pooled long-term trials found an increased incidence
1681 · Levodopa–carbidopa x improvement of Parkinson motor symptoms
Verdict 1681 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 2 cited sources
Motor symptom relief is strong, but this does not mean that disease progression is slowed
1682 · Gabapentin x reduced postherpetic-neuralgia pain
Verdict 1682 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Gabapentin provides meaningful pain relief for some patients with postherpetic neuralgia
1683 · Ibuprofen x two-hour acute migraine pain relief
Verdict 1683 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Ibuprofen relieves acute migraine pain but does not eliminate every attack
1684 · Saffron x relief of PMS and PMDD symptoms
Verdict 1684 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
Premenstrual symptom signals exist, but evidence remains small, short, and concentrated
1685 · L-theanine x stress and tension relief
Verdict 1685 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 2 cited sources
Relaxation signals exist, but placebo-controlled benefit remains small and conflicting
1686 · Specific collagen peptides x reduced thigh cellulite and skin waviness
Verdict 1686 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
One product has a small positive cosmetic signal, but independent replication is absent
1687 · Marine omega-3 EPA and DHA x improved dry-eye symptoms and tear film
Verdict 1687 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
In the large independent trial, dry-eye symptoms and tear-film signs were no better than placebo
1688 · Kinesiology tape x reduced chronic nonspecific low-back pain and disability
Verdict 1688 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Adding tape to exercise and manual therapy did not further improve pain or disability
1689 · Oral probiotics x treatment of established atopic dermatitis and eczema
Verdict 1689 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 2 cited sources
Probiotics do not meaningfully reduce symptoms of eczema that is already established
169 · Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) × blood pressure
Verdict 169 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
There is positive evidence for blood-pressure values, but it should not be extended to cardiovascular prevention.
1690 · Folic acid x prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence after removal
Verdict 1690 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 2 cited sources
Recurrence prevention after adenoma removal is unproven, but a meaningful reduction has not been fully excluded
1691 · Empagliflozin x reduced cardiovascular events and mortality in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1691 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Empagliflozin reduces cardiovascular events and mortality in type 2 diabetes with established cardiovascular disease
1692 · Epley manoeuvre x resolution of vertigo and nystagmus in posterior-canal BPPV
Verdict 1692 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
The Epley manoeuvre rapidly reduces vertigo and nystagmus in correctly diagnosed posterior-canal BPPV
1693 · Single-dose oral dexamethasone x reduced return visits and persistent symptoms in mild pediatric croup
Verdict 1693 · Evidence Grade A · 82 · 3 cited sources
A single oral dose of dexamethasone reduces return visits and persistent symptoms in mild pediatric croup
1694 · OnabotulinumtoxinA x reduced monthly headache days in chronic migraine
Verdict 1694 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
OnabotulinumtoxinA reduces monthly headache days by about two more days than placebo, but the evidence is concentrated in one manufacturer program
1695 · Yoga x improved pain and function in chronic nonspecific low back pain
Verdict 1695 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
Back-adapted yoga is slightly better than no exercise but is not superior to other back exercise and does not cross MCIDs
1696 · Acupuncture x reduced episodic migraine attack frequency
Verdict 1696 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Acupuncture reduced attacks slightly more than sham, but the effect was small and studies conflict
1697 · High-dose zinc x shorter early COVID-19 symptom duration
Verdict 1697 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 2 cited sources
The outpatient confirmatory trial failed, while the positive result was a secondary subgroup in a manufacturer-funded trial
1698 · Single-dose oral dexamethasone x complete sore-throat resolution within 24 hours
Verdict 1698 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The 24-hour complete-resolution primary endpoint failed, while improvement at 48 hours was secondary
1699 · Autologous PRP injection x pain and functional recovery in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy
Verdict 1699 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 2 cited sources
A large sham trial, a separate manufacturer-funded sham trial, and a meta-analysis repeatedly failed, while the large trial excluded the prespecified clinically important difference threshold
170 · Lycopene × cardiovascular, prostate
Verdict 170 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 5 cited sources
There are laboratory-value signals, but they are not evidence for preventing prostate cancer or cardiovascular events.
1700 · Lopinavir-ritonavir x reduced death and progression in hospitalized COVID-19
Verdict 1700 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 2 cited sources
Two large independent trials repeatedly found no mortality, ventilation, or hospital-stay benefit
1701 · Aspirin x reduced early vascular mortality in acute myocardial infarction
Verdict 1701 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Early aspirin saves lives in acute myocardial infarction, but this is different from unsupervised preventive use by healthy people
1702 · Hearing aids x improved conversational listening and hearing-related quality of life
Verdict 1702 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Hearing aids improve current conversational listening and hearing-related quality of life in mild to moderate hearing loss, but this is separate from dementia-prevention evidence
1703 · Duloxetine x relief of pain and patient-perceived symptoms in fibromyalgia
Verdict 1703 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Duloxetine meaningfully reduces fibromyalgia pain in some patients, but response and tolerability need to be checked
1704 · Intense pulsed light therapy x dry-eye improvement in meibomian gland dysfunction
Verdict 1704 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 2 cited sources
Tear-film test values may improve, but superiority in patient-perceived dryness remains uncertain
1705 · OnabotulinumtoxinA x reduced sleep bruxism and jaw pain
Verdict 1705 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 2 cited sources
It may reduce jaw-muscle force and perceived symptoms, but evidence that it stops bruxism itself is inadequate
1706 · Spirulina x relief of allergic rhinitis symptoms
Verdict 1706 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
The symptom signal is encouraging, but independent confirmatory placebo trials are still needed
1707 · EEG neurofeedback x improved attention and core symptoms in children with ADHD
Verdict 1707 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
Rigorous sham-controlled evidence does not show a specific added benefit for attention or core ADHD symptoms
1708 · Diazepam x rapid reduction of pain and disability in acute nonspecific low back pain
Verdict 1708 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 2 cited sources
Adding diazepam to naproxen did not accelerate pain relief or functional recovery in acute nonspecific low back pain
1709 · Arthroscopic subacromial decompression x improved shoulder pain and disability attributed to impingement syndrome
Verdict 1709 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 5 cited sources
Subacromial decompression did not improve shoulder pain or function beyond sham arthroscopy
171 · Celery seed extract (3nB) × blood pressure
Verdict 171 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
There is an early blood-pressure signal, but it is at the level of a single small study.
1710 · General health checks x prevention of ischaemic heart disease and death
Verdict 1710 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 2 cited sources
Routine general health-check packages do not prevent ischaemic heart disease or death in asymptomatic adults, while evidence-based individual screening and risk-factor treatment remain separate
1711 · Potassium-enriched salt substitute x reduced stroke and cardiovascular events
Verdict 1711 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 3 cited sources
Potassium-enriched salt reduced stroke and major cardiovascular events in high-risk adults
1712 · Nicotine e-cigarette x one-year sustained smoking abstinence
Verdict 1712 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
With cessation support, nicotine e-cigarettes increased one-year quitting over nicotine replacement
1713 · Tai chi x improved knee osteoarthritis pain and function
Verdict 1713 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Tai chi favors pain and function, but evidence is limited to small trials
1714 · DASH diet x lower blood pressure
Verdict 1714 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
DASH lowers blood pressure but does not directly establish fewer cardiovascular events
1715 · Orthokeratology x slower childhood myopia progression
Verdict 1715 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Orthokeratology slows axial elongation, but long-term vision preservation is not directly established
1716 · Screening colonoscopy x prevention of colorectal cancer incidence and death
Verdict 1716 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
Incidence fell, but lower colorectal cancer mortality remained unproven after thirteen years
1717 · Wearable activity tracker x additional weight loss
Verdict 1717 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Adding a wearable to standard behavioral care did not improve long-term weight loss
1718 · Alternate-day fasting x superiority to daily calorie restriction for weight loss
Verdict 1718 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 2 cited sources
It can reduce weight, but was not greater or easier to maintain than daily restriction
1719 · Regular breast self-examination x lower breast cancer mortality
Verdict 1719 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 2 cited sources
Breast awareness matters, but lower mortality from formal monthly self-examination remains unproven
172 · Gamma-oryzanol × cholesterol, menopause, autonomic nervous system
Verdict 172 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 6 cited sources
Direct human studies exist, but surrogate outcomes, old subjective ratings, and null RCTs place the evidence at lower-end C.
1720 · CA-125 plus transvaginal ultrasound x lower ovarian cancer mortality
Verdict 1720 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 2 cited sources
Earlier-stage detection increased, but lower ovarian cancer mortality remains unproven
1721 · Intensive blood-pressure control x fewer cardiovascular events in high-risk hypertension
Verdict 1721 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
In high-risk hypertension without diabetes, an intensively monitored lower target reduces cardiovascular events
1722 · Tonsillectomy x fewer sore-throat days in adult recurrent tonsillitis
Verdict 1722 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
In adults meeting strict recurrent-tonsillitis criteria, surgery can materially reduce sore-throat days despite its recovery burden
1723 · Supervised walking exercise x improved walking ability in peripheral artery disease
Verdict 1723 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Structured walking with supervision and feedback meaningfully improves walking ability in intermittent claudication
1724 · Microneedling x improved appearance of atrophic acne scars
Verdict 1724 · Evidence Grade D · 38 · 2 cited sources
Atrophic acne scars may improve modestly, but strong evidence for complete removal is absent
1725 · Dry needling x reduced chronic nonspecific neck pain and disability
Verdict 1725 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 2 cited sources
Pain may fall slightly for one month, but the difference is not clinically large and disability improvement was not shown
1726 · MBSR x improvement of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms
Verdict 1726 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
MBSR has an anxiety-relief signal, but the key primary endpoint against active education failed
1727 · Oral prednisolone x cough in nonasthmatic acute lower respiratory tract infection
Verdict 1727 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
Oral prednisolone did not shorten or lessen cough in acute lower respiratory tract infection without asthma
1728 · Therapeutic ultrasound x chronic nonspecific low back pain and disability
Verdict 1728 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Therapeutic ultrasound has not shown a reliable added benefit for chronic low back pain or function
1729 · Epidural steroid injection x lumbar spinal stenosis
Verdict 1729 · Evidence Grade F · 15 · 2 cited sources
Adding epidural steroid did not meaningfully improve pain or function over lidocaine alone in lumbar spinal stenosis
173 · Yeast/mushroom beta-glucan × immunity
Verdict 173 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 4 cited sources
There are specific cold-symptom signals, but they are limited for overall immunity claims.
1730 · Chest-radiograph screening x prevention of lung-cancer death
Verdict 1730 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 2 cited sources
Periodic chest-radiograph screening did not reduce lung-cancer mortality despite earlier detection
1731 · TAVR x reduction of major clinical events in severe aortic stenosis
Verdict 1731 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 2 cited sources
TAVR has strong clinical-event evidence versus surgery in selected low-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis
1732 · Scalp cooling x prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia
Verdict 1732 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Scalp cooling meaningfully reduces chemotherapy-induced alopecia but does not guarantee complete hair preservation
1733 · OnabotulinumtoxinA x primary axillary hyperhidrosis
Verdict 1733 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Axillary Botox markedly reduces severe hyperhidrosis, but the effect is temporary
1734 · OnabotulinumtoxinA x improvement of glabellar expression lines
Verdict 1734 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
Botox temporarily improves glabellar expression lines but does not permanently erase wrinkles or reverse aging
1735 · Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy x pain improvement in chronic plantar fasciitis
Verdict 1735 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Shock-wave therapy may help some plantar fasciitis cases, but average pain benefit is small and trials conflict
1736 · Oral prednisone x improved function and pain in acute sciatica
Verdict 1736 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
There is a small functional-score improvement, but patient-important pain relief has not been demonstrated
1737 · Wrist splint x symptom improvement and avoidance of surgery in carpal tunnel syndrome
Verdict 1737 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
A rigid wrist splint did not outperform a soft placebo bandage for symptoms or avoidance of surgery
1738 · Cold shower x prevention of colds and influenza
Verdict 1738 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Cold showers reduced days away from work but did not reduce days with cold or influenza symptoms
1739 · Lumbar traction x improved pain and function in chronic low-back pain
Verdict 1739 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 2 cited sources
Lumbar traction remains unproven, but low certainty and wide confidence intervals do not establish repeated refutation
174 · Shiitake mushroom (lentinan) × immunity, anticancer
Verdict 174 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 4 cited sources
Immunity and anticancer claims do not go beyond surrogate markers and adjunctive-therapy evidence.
1740 · Power Balance bracelet x improved balance, flexibility, strength, and jump power
Verdict 1740 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 3 cited sources
The Power Balance bracelet did not improve balance, flexibility, strength, or jump performance versus placebo
1741 · Mediterranean diet x fewer major cardiovascular events
Verdict 1741 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 2 cited sources
A complete Mediterranean dietary pattern has strong direct evidence for reducing major cardiovascular events in high-risk adults.
1742 · Lisinopril x improved early outcomes after acute myocardial infarction
Verdict 1742 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Adding lisinopril early after acute myocardial infarction in selected patients modestly reduces mortality and severe ventricular dysfunction.
1743 · Helicobacter pylori eradication x prevention of peptic-ulcer recurrence
Verdict 1743 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Confirming successful eradication in Helicobacter-positive peptic ulcer substantially reduces recurrence.
1744 · Home blood-pressure monitoring and telemonitoring x improved hypertension control
Verdict 1744 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Connecting home measurements to clinical titration modestly improves blood pressure, but direct cardiovascular-event benefit is unproven.
1745 · Continuous glucose monitoring x glycemic control with basal insulin in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1745 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
Continuous monitoring improves glycemic metrics in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin, but direct long-term complication reduction is unproven.
1746 · Therapeutic ultrasound x pain and function in knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1746 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
Pain may decrease slightly, but the average effect falls below a clinically important threshold
1747 · Home INR self-testing x clinical events during warfarin therapy
Verdict 1747 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 2 cited sources
Pure self-testing reduces thromboembolism, but reductions in major bleeding and mortality were not established
1748 · Acupuncture x induction of labour at term
Verdict 1748 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 2 cited sources
The sham-controlled trial failed, and the newer positive trial was unblinded, so acupuncture does not replace medical induction
1749 · Prophylactic oxygen x death and disability after nonhypoxic acute stroke
Verdict 1749 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 2 cited sources
Routine oxygen does not reduce death or disability in stroke patients whose oxygen saturation is normal
175 · AHCC (active hexose correlated compound; shiitake mycelial extract) × Immunity
Verdict 175 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 3 cited sources
There are human signals, but general immunity claims do not go beyond surrogate markers and small product studies.
1750 · Routine episiotomy x prevention of severe perineal trauma
Verdict 1750 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 2 cited sources
Routine episiotomy does not prevent severe trauma; a selective policy is better supported
1751 · Multilayer compression bandaging x complete venous leg-ulcer healing
Verdict 1751 · Evidence Grade A · 80 · 3 cited sources
Proper multilayer compression genuinely accelerates complete healing of venous leg ulcers
1752 · Carpal tunnel release x long-term symptom improvement
Verdict 1752 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 2 cited sources
Surgery improves long-term success compared with splinting, but it is not automatically first-line for every mild case
1753 · Sacral neuromodulation x refractory overactive-bladder symptom improvement
Verdict 1753 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 3 cited sources
Sacral neuromodulation can help refractory overactive bladder, but test-response selection and long-term device management are integral
1754 · Microfocused ultrasound x facial laxity and wrinkle appearance
Verdict 1754 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 2 cited sources
Facial HIFU has a small short-term lifting signal but does not establish surgical or permanent results
1755 · Monopolar radiofrequency x facial laxity and wrinkle appearance
Verdict 1755 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
Monopolar RF matched a standard RF device, but how much it beats no treatment remains uncertain
1756 · LipiFlow thermal pulsation x improvement of meibomian-gland-dysfunction dry eye
Verdict 1756 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
Tear-film tests may improve, but evidence that symptoms improve more than with other heating treatments is uncertain
1757 · Tympanostomy tubes x prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in children
Verdict 1757 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Tubes can change management of some episodes but did not reduce the number of ear infections over two years
1758 · HEPA air purifier x relief of house-dust-mite allergic rhinitis symptoms
Verdict 1758 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 2 cited sources
Airborne particles decrease, but evidence that dust-mite rhinitis symptoms improve by a noticeable amount is weak
1759 · Mite-impermeable bedding x relief of house-dust-mite allergic rhinitis symptoms
Verdict 1759 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 2 cited sources
Bedding allergen levels fall, but rhinitis symptoms did not improve in a large trial or pooled evidence
176 · Mistletoe (Viscum album) × Immunity, Blood Pressure, and Anticancer Effects (Adjunctive Therapy)
Verdict 176 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Anticancer survival and blood-pressure claims have not been confirmed, and the quality-of-life signal also has major methodological controversy, so the grade is D.
1760 · Customized orthotic insoles x prevention of low back pain during prolonged walking or training
Verdict 1760 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 2 cited sources
Even customized insoles did not prevent low back pain during prolonged walking or training
1761 · Cardiac resynchronization therapy x reduced mortality and hospitalization in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Verdict 1761 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 4 cited sources
Eligible patients with reduced-ejection-fraction heart failure have strong evidence of lower mortality and hospitalization
1762 · High-flow oxygen x relief of acute cluster headache within 15 minutes
Verdict 1762 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Medical high-flow oxygen can rapidly relieve cluster-headache attacks when diagnosis and delivery equipment are appropriate
1763 · Vestibular rehabilitation x reduced chronic dizziness and related disability
Verdict 1763 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Vestibular rehabilitation helps chronic vestibular dizziness, but diagnosis and individualized exercise design matter
1764 · Continuous positive airway pressure x reduced blood pressure in resistant hypertension
Verdict 1764 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
CPAP modestly lowers blood pressure in resistant hypertension but has not directly proved cardiovascular-event prevention
1765 · High-add multifocal soft contact lenses x slowed childhood myopia progression
Verdict 1765 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
The lenses slow childhood myopia progression but have not proved prevention of long-term visual loss
1766 · OnabotulinumtoxinA intradetrusor injection x refractory overactive bladder
Verdict 1766 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 4 cited sources
It reduces refractory urgency urinary incontinence but requires repeat-treatment and urinary-retention monitoring
1767 · Lumbar radiofrequency denervation x chronic low back pain
Verdict 1767 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The largest trial found pain differences below the threshold for clinical importance
1768 · Systemic prednisolone x sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Verdict 1768 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
It is commonly used, but evidence that it reliably improves hearing recovery over placebo is weak
1769 · Cervical collar x acute whiplash injury
Verdict 1769 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 2 cited sources
For uncomplicated whiplash, collars do not reduce pain or disability and may be inferior to early exercise
177 · Shark Cartilage × Joints and Anticancer Effects
Verdict 177 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 4 cited sources
In the phase 3 NSCLC trial, median overall survival was 14.4 months (95% CI 12.6 to 17.9) with AE-941 and 15.6 months (13.8 to 18.1) with placebo, but these are group-specific median intervals, not a treatment-effect interval. No pooled interval in the same cancer was verified, and no stand-alone human trial for the joint claim was found. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 25 points, not F.
1770 · Therapeutic ultrasound x acute ankle sprain
Verdict 1770 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 2 cited sources
It did not improve pain, swelling, or function over sham treatment in acute ankle sprain
1771 · Dupilumab x Reduced moderate or severe exacerbations in COPD with elevated eosinophils and type 2 inflammation
Verdict 1771 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Reduced exacerbations in eosinophilic type 2 COPD recurred in two sister phase 3 trials, but shared funding leaves independent replication unconfirmed, so the grade is B
1772 · Omalizumab x Increased food-protein dose tolerated without dose-limiting symptoms in multiple food allergy
Verdict 1772 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Challenge reaction thresholds rose substantially, but fewer severe reactions in daily life remain unconfirmed
1773 · Structured exercise program x Reduced recurrence, new primary cancer, or death after adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colon cancer
Verdict 1773 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Three years of structured exercise after adjuvant chemotherapy improved disease-free and overall survival, with transferability limited by the intensive program
1774 · Stellate ganglion block x Short-term relief of overall PTSD symptoms, hyperarousal, and anxiety
Verdict 1774 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
Eight-week PTSD symptoms improved, but an independent negative sham trial and short military-focused evidence limit the grade to C
1775 · Transcranial direct current stimulation x Reduced depressive symptoms and increased response or remission in major depressive disorder
Verdict 1775 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Short-term depressive symptoms show a positive signal, but effects are small and large home-use trials conflict
1776 · Renal denervation x blood-pressure reduction in resistant hypertension
Verdict 1776 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
It modestly lowers blood pressure, but prevention of myocardial infarction or stroke remains unproven
1777 · Cervical pessary x prevention of preterm birth with a short cervix
Verdict 1777 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 2 cited sources
Two large trials did not confirm prevention of preterm birth
1778 · Vaginal micronized progesterone x increased live birth after unexplained recurrent miscarriage
Verdict 1778 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
An overall live-birth benefit after recurrent miscarriage has not been established
1779 · Levothyroxine x improved fatigue and symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism
Verdict 1779 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 2 cited sources
In subclinical disease, lower thyrotropin did not improve fatigue or symptoms
178 · Proteoglycan (from Salmon Nasal Cartilage) × Skin and Joints
Verdict 178 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 5 cited sources
The evidence consists of manufacturer-linked short-term skin signals and null full-cohort joint results with a post hoc subgroup surrogate marker.
1780 · Routine normobaric oxygen x reduced death and reinfarction in normoxemic acute myocardial infarction
Verdict 1780 · Evidence Grade D · 20 · 2 cited sources
Routine oxygen did not reduce death or reinfarction in normoxemic myocardial infarction
1781 · Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy x overall survival in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC
Verdict 1781 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
In selected metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, the regimen substantially prolongs survival over chemotherapy alone
1782 · Exposure and response prevention x symptoms and response in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Verdict 1782 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
ERP substantially improves core obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but completer rates and inactive-control effects should not be overstated
1783 · Supervised exercise therapy x pain and function in knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1783 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Pain and function improve on average, but the low-bias pain effect misses the clinical-importance threshold
1784 · Cognitive behavioral therapy x symptoms and response in panic disorder
Verdict 1784 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
CBT improved the PDSS result, while the co-presented CGI result was null
1785 · Large-volume saline nasal irrigation x chronic sinonasal symptoms
Verdict 1785 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Irrigation outperforms spray for mixed chronic sinonasal symptoms, but evidence centers on a short manufacturer-funded trial
1786 · Mandibular advancement device x mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea
Verdict 1786 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Breathing indices improve, but clinically clear improvement in sleepiness is not consistent across devices
1787 · Whole-body vibration platform x bone loss in postmenopausal osteopenia
Verdict 1787 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Bone-density effects are small and conflicting, and fracture reduction is unproven
1788 · Tamsulosin x passage of ureteral stones 5 mm or smaller
Verdict 1788 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Small stones often pass spontaneously, and added benefit from tamsulosin has not been shown
1789 · Plantar-fasciitis night splint x first-step morning pain
Verdict 1789 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Adding a night splint has not consistently improved pain beyond standard conservative care
179 · Boron × Bones, Joints, and Hormones
Verdict 179 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
For joints, the evidence is a calcium fructoborate pilot signal; for testosterone, it is an n=8 short-term surrogate-marker study, so this is at the lower end of C.
1790 · High-dose methylprednisolone x acute traumatic brain injury
Verdict 1790 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
In acute traumatic brain injury, this regimen did not improve survival and increased mortality
1791 · Primary PCI x fewer major clinical events in STEMI
Verdict 1791 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 4 cited sources
When delivered promptly, primary PCI prevents more major STEMI events than effective fibrinolysis
1792 · Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy x fewer seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms
Verdict 1792 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy reduces seasonal rhinitis symptoms and rescue medication but requires medical observation
1793 · Nitrofurantoin x clinical cure of acute uncomplicated cystitis
Verdict 1793 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Nitrofurantoin effectively treats acute uncomplicated cystitis in nonpregnant women but is not a drug for every urinary infection
1794 · EMDR x relief of PTSD symptoms
Verdict 1794 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
EMDR is an evidence-based PTSD therapy but has not proved superior to other trauma-focused psychotherapy
1795 · Methenamine hippurate x prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection
Verdict 1795 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Methenamine can be an antibiotic-sparing option for recurrent UTI prevention, but evidence is concentrated in one open-label noninferiority trial
1796 · Deucravacitinib x moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis
Verdict 1796 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Skin lesions improve substantially, but long-term patient-important outcomes and independent replication remain separate questions
1797 · Hypoglossal nerve stimulation x CPAP-intolerant obstructive sleep apnea
Verdict 1797 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Respiratory indices can improve, but long-term patient-important benefit from the surgical device is not established to the same degree
1798 · Dextrose prolotherapy x chronic nonspecific low back pain
Verdict 1798 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
People improved after injection, but dextrose was not better than saline
1799 · Lumbar support x prevention of low back pain in physical workers
Verdict 1799 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The support sensation is real, but large trials did not show prevention of low back pain or sick leave
180 · Achyranthes Root × Joints
Verdict 180 · Evidence Grade ? · 6 cited sources
Judgment deferred because there is no direct human joint trial of single-ingredient Achyranthes.
1800 · Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound x fracture union and functional recovery
Verdict 1800 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 2 cited sources
Ultrasound energy is delivered, but high-quality trials did not accelerate fracture union or functional recovery
1801 · Prolonged prone positioning x lower mortality in severe ARDS
Verdict 1801 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Early prolonged proning reduces mortality in severe ARDS but requires an experienced intensive-care team
1802 · Atrial fibrillation catheter ablation x fewer deaths and heart-failure hospitalizations in HFrEF
Verdict 1802 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Ablation lowers death and hospitalization in selected atrial fibrillation with HFrEF but not necessarily in all atrial fibrillation
1803 · Apixaban x prevention of recurrent cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Verdict 1803 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Apixaban is noninferior to dalteparin for recurrent cancer-associated VTE, but superiority was not established
1804 · Intra-articular corticosteroid x short-term pain and function improvement in adhesive capsulitis
Verdict 1804 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Injection can improve early frozen-shoulder pain and function, but durable benefit is not established
1805 · Cariprazine x fewer bipolar I depression symptoms
Verdict 1805 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 6 cited sources
Cariprazine reduces bipolar depression symptoms, but average effects are small and evidence is manufacturer-run and short term
1806 · Roflumilast foam x improvement of seborrheic dermatitis lesions and itch
Verdict 1806 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Lesions and itch improve over eight weeks, but independent long-term confirmation is still absent
1807 · Efgartigimod x improved daily function in generalized myasthenia gravis
Verdict 1807 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Functional response is substantial in AChR-antibody-positive patients, but independent confirmation is absent
1808 · Mesalazine x improvement of IBS symptoms and stool frequency
Verdict 1808 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
IBS symptoms and stool frequency were no better than placebo across repeated trials
1809 · Hyperbaric oxygen therapy x improvement of persistent postconcussion symptoms
Verdict 1809 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Sham groups also improved, and a recent small positive trial leaves the overall effect unresolved
181 · Dandelion (Taraxacum) × Liver, Diuretic Effect, and Digestion
Verdict 181 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 3 cited sources
Human evidence is at the pilot level, and liver, digestion, and detox claims are centered on preclinical evidence and traditional use, so the grade is D.
1810 · Intensive insulin glucose control x reduced mortality in critical illness
Verdict 1810 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 5 cited sources
Intensive glucose targets did not reduce mortality and increased it in the largest trial
1811 · Cardiovascular polypill x reduction of recurrent major cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction
Verdict 1811 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
The one-tablet strategy reduced cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction, but component and adherence effects cannot be separated
1812 · Tai Ji Quan x fewer falls in high-risk older adults
Verdict 1812 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 4 cited sources
A 24-week fall-prevention Tai Ji Quan program reduced actual falls in high-risk older adults
1813 · Pulmonary rehabilitation x improved dyspnea and quality of life in stable COPD
Verdict 1813 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Pulmonary rehabilitation meaningfully improves breathlessness and quality of life in stable COPD
1814 · Home narrowband UV-B x psoriasis control and quality-of-life improvement
Verdict 1814 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Prescribed, supported home narrowband UV-B is generally noninferior to office phototherapy
1815 · Guselkumab x skin clearance in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis
Verdict 1815 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Week-16 skin responses were very large, but confirmatory evidence remains manufacturer-sponsored and surrogate-based
1816 · Elagolix x reduced endometriosis-associated pain
Verdict 1816 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Pain responses were large in two phase 3 trials, but independent replication is absent
1817 · Dry needling x reduced first-step pain in plantar fasciitis
Verdict 1817 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Pain improved versus sham, but the average difference missed the prespecified clinical-importance threshold
1818 · Polynucleotide injection x periorbital wrinkle and skin rejuvenation
Verdict 1818 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Both sides changed, but PN did not outperform the active filler on clinical assessment
1819 · Autologous PRP x pain and function in rotator-cuff tendinopathy
Verdict 1819 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
The rotator-cuff-specific saline-controlled trial did not show superior pain or function
182 · Pueraria Root (Kudzu Root, Pueraria/kudzu, Puerarin) × Menopause and Hangover
Verdict 182 · Evidence Grade D · 36 · 3 cited sources
For Pueraria root, evidence for menopause and hangover efficacy is insufficient and graded D because species confusion and indirect endpoints are major problems.
1820 · Palliative oxygen x refractory dyspnea without hypoxemia
Verdict 1820 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Without hypoxemia, oxygen and air both helped, but oxygen added no symptom benefit
1821 · Early ART x prevention of sexual HIV transmission
Verdict 1821 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Early ART markedly reduces sexual HIV transmission, but one confirmatory randomized trial yields grade B under the axis formula
1822 · CABG x major-event reduction in diabetes with multivessel coronary disease
Verdict 1822 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
CABG reduces major events versus PCI in surgery-eligible diabetes with multivessel disease, but stroke is more frequent
1823 · Ibuprofen 400 mg x acute postoperative pain relief
Verdict 1823 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
A single 400-mg dose of ibuprofen provides meaningful relief for several hours after surgery
1824 · OnabotulinumtoxinA x cervical dystonia symptoms and function
Verdict 1824 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Cervical dystonia symptoms improve, but eight of nine trials had industry involvement and only one was independently funded
1825 · Pregabalin x pain reduction in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Verdict 1825 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
Pregabalin helps some people with painful diabetic neuropathy, but its average analgesic effect is small
1826 · Melatonin 3 mg x migraine prevention
Verdict 1826 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Melatonin 3 mg reduced migraine days in one trial but the result was not reproduced with another formulation
1827 · Foam rolling x post-exercise muscle soreness and recovery
Verdict 1827 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Foam rolling may modestly reduce post-exercise soreness, but evidence that it greatly accelerates overall recovery is weak
1828 · Acupuncture x reduction of menopausal hot flashes
Verdict 1828 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Acupuncture has not shown a specific benefit beyond sham treatment for menopausal hot flashes
1829 · Graduated compression stockings x post-thrombotic syndrome prevention
Verdict 1829 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
In the most rigorous trial, compression stockings did not prevent post-thrombotic syndrome after DVT
183 · Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) × Male Vitality and Testosterone
Verdict 183 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
There is a testosterone surrogate-marker signal, but independent replication and clinical endpoints are weak, so the grade is C.
1830 · Corticosteroid injection x long-term recovery in lateral epicondylalgia
Verdict 1830 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 2 cited sources
Steroid injection for lateral epicondylalgia is fast in the short term but produced worse one-year recovery and recurrence
1831 · Early infant peanut introduction x prevention of peanut allergy
Verdict 1831 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 5 cited sources
Early infant peanut introduction prevents peanut allergy, especially in high-risk infants, but does not treat established allergy
1832 · Vaginal estrogen x prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection after menopause
Verdict 1832 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Vaginal estrogen may prevent recurrent urinary tract infection after menopause, but confirmation trials are small and attrition is substantial
1833 · Local heat therapy x relief of primary dysmenorrhea
Verdict 1833 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Local heat reduces primary dysmenorrhea pain, but temperature, duration, and low-temperature burn risk matter
1834 · Otago Exercise Programme x reduction of falls among community-dwelling older adults
Verdict 1834 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 4 cited sources
Individually prescribed Otago strength, balance, and walking exercises reduce recurrent falls among community-dwelling older adults
1835 · Gut-directed hypnotherapy x relief of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms
Verdict 1835 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
Gut-directed hypnotherapy may relieve irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, but active-control results conflict and therapist and expectation effects matter
1836 · Apremilast x lesion improvement in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis
Verdict 1836 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Apremilast improves plaque-psoriasis lesion scores, but complete clearance is limited and other systemic options merit comparison
1837 · Adalimumab x induction and maintenance of clinical remission in moderate-to-severe Crohn disease
Verdict 1837 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Adalimumab increases induction and maintenance of Crohn disease remission, but responder selection and infection risk must be considered
1838 · Intensive lifestyle intervention x cardiovascular-event prevention in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1838 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Intensive lifestyle intervention improves weight and risk factors, but Look AHEAD did not reduce major cardiovascular events
1839 · Single invitation to PSA screening x reduction in prostate-cancer mortality
Verdict 1839 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
A single PSA-screening invitation increased cancer diagnoses but did not reduce 10-year prostate-cancer or all-cause mortality
184 · Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) × Testosterone, Strength, Blood Glucose, and Lactation
Verdict 184 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Glucose markers are C, testosterone/strength is C-, and lactation is D/C-, so the combined whole is close to the lower end of C.
1840 · Systemic menopausal hormone therapy x primary prevention of coronary heart disease
Verdict 1840 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
Systemic menopausal hormone therapy should not be used for coronary primary prevention, although symptom and fracture endpoints are separate
1841 · Pit-and-fissure sealant x prevention of caries in children's permanent teeth
Verdict 1841 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
Sealants markedly reduce caries in susceptible permanent-tooth fissures, but retention checks remain necessary
1842 · Naproxen x relief of primary dysmenorrhea
Verdict 1842 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Naproxen works for short-term primary dysmenorrhea pain, but gastrointestinal and renal risks still matter
1843 · Combined oral contraceptive x relief of primary dysmenorrhea
Verdict 1843 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Combined oral contraceptives moderately reduce primary dysmenorrhea, but contraceptive needs and thrombotic contraindications matter
1844 · Cetirizine x suppression of chronic spontaneous urticaria
Verdict 1844 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Standard-dose cetirizine reduces wheals and itch, but the key evidence is limited to short manufacturer-funded trials
1845 · Naldemedine x improvement of opioid-induced constipation
Verdict 1845 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Naldemedine improves opioid-induced constipation response, but confirmatory evidence is confined to the manufacturer program
1846 · Bronchial thermoplasty x symptoms and exacerbations in severe asthma
Verdict 1846 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Exacerbations may decline, but the sham-controlled added quality-of-life effect was small and the primary endpoint failed
1847 · Topical diclofenac x pain and function in acute ankle sprain
Verdict 1847 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Short-term pain relief is plausible, but ankle-sprain results are inconsistent across trials and formulations
1848 · Montelukast x shorter adult postinfectious cough
Verdict 1848 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Postinfectious cough improved substantially on its own, with no added benefit from montelukast
1849 · Intra-articular hyaluronic acid x pain and function in hip osteoarthritis
Verdict 1849 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Hip placebo-controlled trials are repeatedly null, but confidence intervals do not completely exclude meaningful benefit
185 · Zinc × Prostate, Sperm, and Male Reproduction
Verdict 185 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 4 cited sources
For prostate, sperm, and fertility efficacy in general men, the null result of a large RCT supports a D grade.
1850 · OnabotulinumtoxinA x prevention of episodic migraine
Verdict 1850 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 4 cited sources
Unlike chronic migraine, episodic migraine prevention is refuted by repeated trials and pooled evidence
1851 · Venetoclax plus azacitidine x longer overall survival in untreated AML
Verdict 1851 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
The regimen prolongs survival in untreated AML unsuitable for intensive therapy, but independent confirmation of the exact combination is absent
1852 · Omalizumab x antihistamine-refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria
Verdict 1852 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
Omalizumab meaningfully reduces itch and hives, but confirmatory evidence is manufacturer-only
1853 · Fesoterodine x reduced frequency and urgency urinary incontinence in overactive bladder
Verdict 1853 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Fesoterodine reduces overactive-bladder symptoms, but the average placebo-adjusted effect is about one daily episode and evidence is manufacturer-centered
1854 · Methylnaltrexone x rapid laxation in advanced-illness opioid-induced constipation
Verdict 1854 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Methylnaltrexone produces rapid laxation in advanced-illness opioid constipation, but evidence is manufacturer-only
1855 · Lifitegrast eye drops x dry-eye symptom relief
Verdict 1855 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Lifitegrast statistically reduces eye dryness, but average effects are modest and sign outcomes conflict
1856 · Rimegepant every other day x migraine prevention
Verdict 1856 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Prevention replicated, but the additional average reduction was about one monthly day without independent replication
1857 · Crisaborole x treatment success in mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis
Verdict 1857 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Four-week treatment success increased, but vehicle response was high and independent long-term evidence is absent
1858 · Transmeatal low-level laser x chronic tinnitus relief
Verdict 1858 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
The device truly emits light, but clinical benefit over sham is unproved and uncertainty remains
1859 · Gabapentin x episodic migraine prevention
Verdict 1859 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Unlike the selected positive publication, the complete trial set is null, but uncertainty is too wide for F
186 · Lavender Oil (Silexan) × Anxiety
Verdict 186 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 4 cited sources
The symptom-scale RCT signal for oral Silexan is strong, but the grade is C because of the rule for absence of independent replication.
1860 · Hydroxyethyl starch x improved resuscitation outcomes in severe sepsis
Verdict 1860 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 4 cited sources
The problem is choosing HES, not fluid resuscitation itself; death and kidney harm repeatedly increased versus crystalloids
1861 · Tocilizumab x lower 28-day mortality in hospitalized COVID-19
Verdict 1861 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 6 cited sources
A large public trial shows lower mortality in hospitalized patients with hypoxia and systemic inflammation
1862 · Propranolol x migraine attack prevention
Verdict 1862 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Migraine prevention is repeatedly supported, although reporting limitations remain in older small trials
1863 · Colchicine x prevention of recurrent pericarditis
Verdict 1863 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Two placebo-controlled trials show a large reduction in further recurrent pericarditis
1864 · Subcutaneous sumatriptan x 15-minute relief of acute cluster headache
Verdict 1864 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Rapid pain relief is large, but evidence is concentrated in small manufacturer completer trials
1865 · Empagliflozin x lower liver fat in MASLD with type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1865 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
MRI liver fat declines, but improvement in fibrosis or clinical liver events remains unproven
1866 · CEFALY x prevention of episodic migraine
Verdict 1866 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
The device settings are real, but confirmation of a mean reduction in migraine days narrowly failed
1867 · Ruxolitinib 1.5% cream x atopic dermatitis lesions and itch
Verdict 1867 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Short-term efficacy is large, but all pivotal evidence comes from one manufacturer program
1868 · Amoxicillin x meaningful shortening of recovery in adult acute rhinosinusitis
Verdict 1868 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
The pivotal trial failed to show meaningful symptom benefit, and average added benefit is small
1869 · Subacromial corticosteroid injection x long-term improvement in rotator cuff pain
Verdict 1869 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Small short-term relief is possible, but long-term pain and function were not improved
187 · Chamomile x anxiety and sleep
Verdict 187 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 4 cited sources
There is an anxiety signal, but strong generalization to sleep is limited
1870 · Convalescent plasma x reduced mortality in hospitalized COVID-19
Verdict 1870 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 4 cited sources
The antibodies are present, but convalescent plasma did not improve survival after hospitalization
1871 · Hepatitis B vaccine x prevention of hepatitis B infection
Verdict 1871 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
Hepatitis B vaccination has established evidence for preventing actual infection, not merely producing antibodies
1872 · Cognitive behavioral therapy x symptoms and treatment response in social anxiety disorder
Verdict 1872 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Structured individual CBT meaningfully improves social anxiety symptoms and treatment response
1873 · Duloxetine x pain reduction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Verdict 1873 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Pain relief is reproducible, but the trial base remains concentrated entirely in manufacturer studies
1874 · Sildenafil x walking capacity and clinical worsening in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Verdict 1874 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Walking capacity improves meaningfully in pulmonary arterial hypertension, but this is distinct from proven long-term survival benefit
1875 · Dupilumab x symptoms and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Verdict 1875 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Symptoms and quality of life improve substantially, but the evidence remains limited to one manufacturer development program
1876 · CEFALY x two-hour pain freedom in acute migraine
Verdict 1876 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
CEFALY increases the chance of acute migraine pain freedom, but independent confirmation is still absent
1877 · Nemolizumab x itch and skin-nodule improvement in prurigo nodularis
Verdict 1877 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Itch and skin nodules improve substantially, but independently funded confirmation is absent
1878 · Robot-assisted upper-limb training x superior arm-function recovery after stroke
Verdict 1878 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The robot delivers repetitive practice but did not outperform usual rehabilitation for arm recovery
1879 · Nonimmersive virtual-reality rehabilitation x superior arm recovery after stroke
Verdict 1879 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Game-based tasks are delivered, but arm recovery was not better than with time-matched activity
188 · Passionflower x anxiety and sleep
Verdict 188 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Human studies exist, but they are small and endpoints are dispersed
1880 · Long-term opioid strategy x superior chronic musculoskeletal pain and function
Verdict 1880 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
A long-term opioid strategy was not clinically better for function or pain than a nonopioid strategy
1881 · Mesh-reinforced hernia repair x prevention of recurrence
Verdict 1881 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 4 cited sources
Mesh reinforcement meaningfully reduces recurrence compared with tissue repair alone
1882 · Ondansetron x prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting
Verdict 1882 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Ondansetron reliably lowers nausea and vomiting during the first day after surgery
1883 · Buprenorphine maintenance x opioid use disorder
Verdict 1883 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Buprenorphine improves treatment retention and reduces illicit opioid use in opioid use disorder
1884 · Septoplasty x nasal obstruction from a deviated septum
Verdict 1884 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Septoplasty meaningfully improves at least moderate nasal obstruction from septal deviation versus medical management
1885 · Powered toothbrush x gingivitis and gingival bleeding
Verdict 1885 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Powered brushes modestly improve gingivitis and bleeding indices, but long-term clinical importance remains uncertain
1886 · Bedtime music x insomnia and sleep quality
Verdict 1886 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 4 cited sources
Bedtime music modestly improves subjective sleep quality, but objective sleep improvement has not been shown
1887 · Saline nasal irrigation x allergic-rhinitis nasal symptoms
Verdict 1887 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Saline irrigation may reduce allergic-rhinitis nasal symptoms, but evidence certainty is low
1888 · Therapeutic ultrasound x rotator-cuff pain and function
Verdict 1888 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Adding therapeutic ultrasound to exercise did not show extra improvement in rotator-cuff pain or function
1889 · Graduated compression stockings x DVT prevention after acute stroke
Verdict 1889 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Thigh-length compression stockings did not reduce DVT in immobile patients after acute stroke
189 · Probiotics (specific strains) x atopic dermatitis and eczema
Verdict 189 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 4 cited sources
For treatment effects, the limitations of the Cochrane synthesis outweigh strain-specific positive signals
1890 · Continuous passive motion x recovery after total knee arthroplasty
Verdict 1890 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Continuous passive motion adds no clinically meaningful recovery benefit to standard rehabilitation after knee replacement
1891 · Intravenous artesunate x reduced mortality in severe malaria
Verdict 1891 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Mortality is substantially lower than with quinine, but external independent confirmation is still absent
1892 · Seven-day metronidazole x successful treatment of trichomoniasis in women
Verdict 1892 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
For trichomoniasis in women, seven-day therapy reduces microbiological treatment failure more than a single 2-g dose
1893 · Prolonged Exposure therapy x improved PTSD symptoms and remission
Verdict 1893 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
It increased diagnostic loss and full remission versus active psychotherapy, but attrition was substantial
1894 · CBT-BN x cessation of binge eating and compensatory behavior in bulimia nervosa
Verdict 1894 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Manualized CBT-BN increased complete abstinence and remission versus active psychotherapy
1895 · Risankizumab x clearance of plaque psoriasis lesions
Verdict 1895 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Lesion clearance is very large, but no independently funded confirmatory trial is available
1896 · Tapinarof 1% cream x improvement of plaque psoriasis lesions
Verdict 1896 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Lesion improvement is large, but external replication is absent and local adverse events were more common
1897 · Dupilumab x improvement of dysphagia in eosinophilic esophagitis
Verdict 1897 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Weekly dosing consistently improves dysphagia, but external replication and complete symptom data are lacking
1898 · Implantable loop recorder screening x stroke prevention
Verdict 1898 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The strategy detected about 2.6 times more atrial fibrillation but did not establish fewer strokes
1899 · Incentive spirometry x prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications
Verdict 1899 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Prevention of pulmonary complications remains unproven, but meaningful benefit has not been excluded
190 · Zinc x acne and skin
Verdict 190 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 3 cited sources
There is a direct research signal for acne lesions, but the scope is narrow
1900 · PGT-A x increased cumulative live birth in good-prognosis IVF patients
Verdict 1900 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 2 cited sources
A noninferiority trial and a repeated trial did not support increased cumulative live birth with PGT-A
1901 · Mechanical thrombectomy x 90-day functional recovery after basilar-artery occlusion
Verdict 1901 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Thrombectomy substantially improved 90-day function in two basilar-occlusion trials
1902 · Prednisolone x analgesic equivalence to indomethacin or naproxen in acute gout
Verdict 1902 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Prednisolone performed similarly to NSAIDs in two trials, but the evidence is limited to active-control equivalence designs
1903 · Doxycycline x four-week microbiologic cure of rectal chlamydia
Verdict 1903 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Seven-day doxycycline produced higher rectal-chlamydia cure than single-dose azithromycin in two trials
1904 · Ondansetron x less vomiting and intravenous fluid use in pediatric gastroenteritis
Verdict 1904 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Single-dose oral ondansetron reduced vomiting and intravenous-fluid use in pediatric gastroenteritis
1905 · Ensifentrine x week-12 COPD lung-function improvement with mixed symptom and exacerbation results
Verdict 1905 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Ensifentrine reproducibly improved lung function, but symptom and exacerbation confirmation was weaker
1906 · Valacyclovir x shorter recurrent cold-sore episodes
Verdict 1906 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Early treatment shortens an episode by about one day, without independent confirmation
1907 · Intra-articular polynucleotide x knee osteoarthritis pain and function
Verdict 1907 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 5 cited sources
Short-term pain differed, but large independent evidence for function and durability is absent
1908 · Patent foramen ovale closure x migraine reduction or remission
Verdict 1908 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Despite secondary signals, prespecified primary endpoints failed in all three randomized trials
1909 · Adenotonsillectomy x pediatric attention and executive function
Verdict 1909 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Sleep symptoms and behavior may improve, but primary attention and executive-function outcomes did not in two large trials
191 · Vitamin C x skin and collagen production
Verdict 191 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
The collagen-synthesis mechanism and clinical skin-beauty effects should be separated
1910 · Bed rest x acute sciatica pain, function, and recovery
Verdict 1910 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 4 cited sources
Prescribed bed rest did not improve pain, function, or recovery over staying active
1911 · PCV13 x prevention of vaccine-type pneumonia in older adults
Verdict 1911 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
A large trial reduced vaccine-type pneumonia in older adults, but did not establish a reduction in pneumonia from all causes
1912 · rTMS x remission of treatment-resistant major depression
Verdict 1912 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
rTMS raises acute remission probability, but the evidence does not by itself establish durable remission
1913 · Contingency management x sustained abstinence during stimulant-use treatment
Verdict 1913 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Objective abstinence and retention improve during treatment, while durability after incentives stop is a separate question
1914 · Silver diamine fluoride x arrest of active early-childhood caries
Verdict 1914 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
SDF effectively arrests existing active lesions, while continuing dental assessment remains important
1915 · Ubrogepant x two-hour pain freedom in acute migraine
Verdict 1915 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Two-hour pain freedom increases modestly, but independently funded confirmation is absent
1916 · Dupilumab x itch and nodule improvement in prurigo nodularis
Verdict 1916 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Itch and nodules improved, but external independent confirmation is absent
1917 · Tirbanibulin 1% ointment x complete clearance of facial or scalp actinic keratosis
Verdict 1917 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Short-term complete clearance was substantial, but recurrence was common and independent confirmation is absent
1918 · IABP x mortality reduction in myocardial-infarction cardiogenic shock
Verdict 1918 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
The large trial found no mortality reduction but did not completely exclude substantial benefit
1919 · Early goal-directed therapy x reduced 90-day mortality in septic shock
Verdict 1919 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Three large trials found no 90-day mortality reduction but did not fully close substantial benefit
192 · Oral keratin x hair and nails
Verdict 192 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
The evidence is tied not to general keratin but to studies of a specific ingredient
1920 · Bed rest after lumbar puncture x prevention of post-puncture headache
Verdict 1920 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 2 cited sources
Bed rest did not prevent post-puncture headache and pooled evidence showed increased occurrence
1921 · Empagliflozin x cardiovascular death or hospitalization in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Verdict 1921 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Empagliflozin reduced clinical heart-failure events, chiefly hospitalization, when ejection fraction exceeded 40%
1922 · As-needed budesonide-formoterol x prevention of mild-asthma exacerbations
Verdict 1922 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 4 cited sources
As-needed budesonide-formoterol reduced exacerbations versus albuterol-only relief in mild asthma
1923 · Amoxicillin-clavulanate x treatment failure in infant acute otitis media
Verdict 1923 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Treatment reduced short-term failure in rigorously diagnosed young children but increased diarrhea
1924 · Early endovenous ablation x faster venous leg-ulcer healing
Verdict 1924 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
Adding early endovenous ablation to compression accelerated complete healing of venous leg ulcers
1925 · Bright light therapy x symptoms and remission in seasonal affective disorder
Verdict 1925 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Illuminance is measurable, but efficacy evidence is limited by a failed mean-score comparison and small short trials
1926 · Upadacitinib x clinical remission in ulcerative colitis
Verdict 1926 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Induction and maintenance remission improved substantially, but all confirmatory evidence came from AbbVie
1927 · Tai chi x fibromyalgia symptoms and function
Verdict 1927 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Symptom and function signals were replicated, but self-report and small-study limitations remain
1928 · Sacubitril/valsartan x prevention of heart-failure events after myocardial infarction
Verdict 1928 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Superiority over ramipril for first heart-failure events or cardiovascular death after acute myocardial infarction was not established
1929 · Empiric DOAC therapy x prevention of recurrent embolic stroke of undetermined source
Verdict 1929 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 2 cited sources
Routine DOAC therapy after unexplained ESUS did not reduce recurrence more than aspirin
193 · Squalene x skin and immunity
Verdict 193 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 9 cited sources
Human studies exist, but no-placebo, high-dose, surrogate-centered evidence places this at lower-end C.
1930 · New statin initiation x cardiovascular-event prevention in maintenance hemodialysis
Verdict 1930 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Starting a statin in maintenance hemodialysis did not reduce major cardiovascular events
1931 · Hib conjugate vaccine x prevention of invasive Hib disease in infants
Verdict 1931 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 2 cited sources
Independent large randomized trials reduced invasive Hib disease in infants by about 95%
1932 · Oral prednisone x prevention of relapse after discharge for acute asthma
Verdict 1932 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
A short systemic corticosteroid course after acute-asthma discharge reduced relapse over 7 to 21 days
1933 · Total contact cast x complete healing of diabetic foot ulcers
Verdict 1933 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Two small trials increased complete healing of noninfected, nonischemic neuropathic plantar ulcers
1934 · Pelvic floor muscle training x continence recovery after prostatectomy
Verdict 1934 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Early recovery signals were positive, but the latest long-term synthesis did not confirm benefit
1935 · Aquatic exercise x pain and function in knee or hip osteoarthritis
Verdict 1935 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
A small immediate pain benefit was found, but superiority to land exercise and persistence after treatment were not confirmed
1936 · Injectable PDRN x complete healing of diabetic foot ulcers
Verdict 1936 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Healing improved, but the evidence is one short manufacturer-supported trial without independent replication
1937 · Oral spironolactone x hair growth in female pattern hair loss
Verdict 1937 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Objective hair counts were nonsignificant and only photographic assessment improved in a small add-on trial
1938 · Custom foot orthoses x pain and function in plantar fasciitis
Verdict 1938 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Pain did not significantly improve, and a small short-term function difference disappeared by 12 months
1939 · Lumbar fusion x disability improvement in chronic nonspecific low back pain
Verdict 1939 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Multiple trials did not show greater disability improvement than intensive cognitive and exercise rehabilitation
194 · Glycine x sleep
Verdict 194 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
There is a signal from short-term 3 g intake studies, but the evidence is still small
1940 · Routine early PCI x prevention of death and myocardial infarction in stable coronary disease
Verdict 1940 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 5 cited sources
Routine early intervention did not establish event prevention in stable disease, but meaningful benefit was not fully excluded
1941 · Empagliflozin x reduced CKD progression or cardiovascular death
Verdict 1941 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
The composite benefit, driven mainly by less CKD progression, is strong, while mortality alone was not established
1942 · Clomipramine x reduced adult OCD symptoms
Verdict 1942 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
OCD symptom reduction was independently replicated, but trials were brief and tolerability limits treatment
1943 · Amitriptyline x adult migraine prevention
Verdict 1943 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Some patients are more likely to respond, but mean benefit, durability, and missing data limit confidence
1944 · Interpersonal psychotherapy x treatment of postpartum depression
Verdict 1944 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Twelve-week IPT benefit was large and replicated, but active-treatment superiority and 36-week persistence are unproven
1945 · Deoxycholic acid injection x double-chin reduction
Verdict 1945 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Submental-fat rating improvement replicated, but independently funded and active-comparator evidence is lacking
1946 · Oxymetazoline cream x persistent facial erythema of rosacea
Verdict 1946 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Some patients had less same-day redness in two phase 3 trials, but independent long-term confirmation is absent
1947 · Hyaluronic acid filler x nasolabial-fold correction
Verdict 1947 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
The gel occupies volume and a specific product improved folds at 24 weeks, but universal durability evidence is limited
1948 · Cervical traction x pain and disability in cervical radiculopathy
Verdict 1948 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
One trial signaled longer-term disability improvement, but overall pain reduction was small and unstable
1949 · Acupuncture x pain and function in knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 1949 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Small differences occur versus no treatment, but clinically important pain or function benefit over sham was not established
195 · Hops x sleep and anxiety
Verdict 195 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
There are more combination-product and food studies than hops-only evidence
1950 · Static stretching x reduced post-exercise muscle-soreness intensity
Verdict 1950 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Post-exercise soreness reduction is tiny, but no validated between-group threshold permits precise exclusion of meaningful benefit
1951 · Raw whole watercress x reduced lymphocyte DNA damage
Verdict 1951 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Raw watercress lowered a lymphocyte DNA-damage marker but did not prove fewer cancers
1952 · Whole spinach soup x lower blood pressure
Verdict 1952 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
A single post-meal blood-pressure signal from spinach soup was not replicated as sustained lowering or hypertension treatment
1953 · Whole lettuce x reduced ER-negative breast-cancer incidence
Verdict 1953 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
The ER-negative association was small, unstable, and did not remain a lettuce-specific signal
1954 · Whole garlic-chive leaves x improved erectile function or vitality
Verdict 1954 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Traditional seed claims exist, but no human trial has tested whole garlic-chive leaves for erectile function
1955 · Whole minari x relief of hangover symptoms
Verdict 1955 · Evidence Grade ? · 1 cited sources
Traditional records and a positive mixture trial exist, but whole minari alone has not been tested for hangover relief in humans
1956 · Whole perilla leaves x relief of seasonal allergic-rhinitis symptoms
Verdict 1956 · Evidence Grade ? · 1 cited sources
Extracts have been tested, but whole perilla leaves have not been tested in humans for rhinitis symptoms
1957 · Whole bok choy x prevention of type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1957 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
No association was observed, but failed exposure and outcome measurement prevents exclusion of a preventive effect
1958 · Whole Swiss chard x correction of iron-deficiency anemia
Verdict 1958 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Swiss chard contains iron, but its ability to correct iron-deficiency anemia has never been tested in humans
1959 · Whole crown daisy x improved sleep quality and sleep onset
Verdict 1959 · Evidence Grade ? · 1 cited sources
Crown daisy has never been tested in humans for sleep quality or sleep onset in any administered form
196 · Sodium bicarbonate x high-intensity exercise performance
Verdict 196 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
For short-duration high-intensity performance, the evidence is relatively direct
1960 · Green leafy vegetables x slower cognitive decline and dementia prevention
Verdict 1960 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
People who ate more leafy greens declined more slowly, but assigning the MIND diet produced no additional cognitive benefit
1961 · Whole daikon radish or radish juice x relief of functional dyspepsia symptoms
Verdict 1961 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Radish amylase and classical digestive records are real, but relief of functional dyspepsia has not been tested in humans
1962 · Whole carrots or carrot juice x improved normal vision
Verdict 1962 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Carrots are a valuable provitamin A source, but no trial shows sharper vision in nondeficient people with normal sight
1963 · Raw onion juice x improved insomnia and sleep duration in older adults
Verdict 1963 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
A sleep signal was observed once, but it has not been replicated beyond a 58-person ten-day trial
1964 · Skin-on microwaved purple potatoes x lower blood pressure in hypertension
Verdict 1964 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
The purple-potato diastolic-pressure signal is interesting, but systolic pressure was nonsignificant and the evidence remains one short 18-person surrogate trial
1965 · Whole lotus root or lotus-root juice x relief of bronchitis cough and sputum
Verdict 1965 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Lotus root has rich classical records, but no human trial tests relief of bronchitis cough or sputum
1966 · Burdock-root tea x knee osteoarthritis pain and function
Verdict 1966 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
A small six-week trial was statistically positive but did not report how large or clinically important the effect was
1967 · Yacon syrup x post-meal satiety and appetite suppression
Verdict 1967 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
A prospectively registered acute trial found no difference in satiety or appetite hormones
1968 · Quercetin-rich whole-onion powder x visceral-fat reduction
Verdict 1968 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The prespecified visceral-fat primary endpoint was not significant in the full population
1969 · Baked then chilled potato x post-meal insulin response
Verdict 1969 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Chilled potato lowered insulin response, but the co-primary glucose outcome did not differ
197 · Ecdysterone/turkesterone x muscle and strength
Verdict 197 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
Relative to the muscle claim, the human evidence is still thin
1970 · Beetroot juice x cognitive performance and cerebral blood flow in older adults
Verdict 1970 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Cognition and cerebral blood flow, both exploratory registered outcomes, were unchanged after 13 weeks
1971 · Cooked tomato products x PSA reduction in prostate cancer
Verdict 1971 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The food delivered 30 mg of lycopene, but PSA did not fall in the full randomized comparison
1972 · One whole avocado daily x visceral-fat reduction
Verdict 1972 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 3 cited sources
Nutrient intake changed, but visceral fat did not decline in the large MRI trial or repeated trials
1973 · Whole-eggplant powder x office blood-pressure reduction
Verdict 1973 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
The converted week-8 diastolic-pressure effect was conventionally medium, but the 77-person completer analysis and 24-person subgroup dependence remain
1974 · Whole okra fruit powder x HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1974 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
HbA1c was 0.42 percentage points lower on average, but the evidence is limited to a surrogate and small short trials
1975 · 100% watermelon juice x vascular function in healthy postmenopausal women
Verdict 1975 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Measured compounds and their pathway were real, but flow-mediated dilation, pulse-wave velocity, and ambulatory pressure did not improve
1976 · Raw cucumber slices x LDL-cholesterol reduction
Verdict 1976 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
The -17.4-mg/dL difference-in-differences point estimate lacks a between-group test and reconstructable precision
1977 · Whole chilies and sweet peppers x sarcopenia prevalence
Verdict 1977 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Sarcopenia was less common among frequent pepper consumers, but prevention was not established
1978 · Mature pumpkin juice x postpartum edema
Verdict 1978 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Postpartum edema naturally declines, while pumpkin juice has not been tested for added benefit
1979 · Whole bell peppers x eye fatigue and visual function
Verdict 1979 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Carotenoids are present, but whole-pepper effects on eye fatigue and visual function have not been measured
198 · Raspberry ketone x body fat and dieting
Verdict 198 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
The human data are from combination products, making the single effect difficult to isolate
1980 · Whole Korean melon with seeds and placenta x constipation and bowel movements
Verdict 1980 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Melon-seed fiber is real, but effects of whole Korean melon on constipation and bowel movements have not been measured
1981 · Two whole raw apples, 340 g x LDL cholesterol
Verdict 1981 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Pectin can lower LDL, but the magnitude and replication of the two-apple effect remain uncertain
1982 · Fresh grapefruit preload, 127 g x weight loss
Verdict 1982 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 5 cited sources
Grapefruit can alter drug exposure, but it did not add weight loss to calorie restriction
1983 · 100% Korean pear juice, 220 mL x hangover symptoms
Verdict 1983 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
The hangover signal comes from one 14-person pear-juice trial with unquantifiable exact magnitude
1984 · Fig paste, 300 g daily x functional constipation
Verdict 1984 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Fig paste modestly sped transit, but a unique fig effect was not separated from added fiber
1985 · Whole date fruit, 100 g x 24-hour postpartum bleeding
Verdict 1985 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
A prospectively registered trial found a lower bleeding score after dates, but one small unblinded study is not definitive
1986 · Four gold kiwifruits daily equivalent x cold symptom duration
Verdict 1986 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Overall infection incidence was unchanged, while only two symptoms improved in symptomatic subsets
1987 · Freeze-dried blueberries 26 g x insulin resistance
Verdict 1987 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The council-funded trial found no improvement in its matching registered insulin-resistance primary outcome; registration order is uncertain
1988 · Freeze-dried whole strawberry 50 g beverage x LDL cholesterol
Verdict 1988 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The commission-funded, prospectively registered trial found no change in four-week LDL
1989 · Whole bananas during exercise x muscle cramping
Verdict 1989 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Both banana groups and the sugar drink scored lower than water, leaving no banana- or potassium-specific effect
199 · African mango x weight and body fat
Verdict 199 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
There are positive signals, but they are concentrated in a specific research line
1990 · Dried persimmon x acute diarrhea relief
Verdict 1990 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Tannins and astringency are real, but effects of dried persimmon on acute diarrhea have not been measured in humans
1991 · Freeze-dried whole kimchi x body fat mass reduction
Verdict 1991 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Body fat mass fell, but evidence comes from one small trial whose registered dose and duration differed from publication
1992 · Whole gochujang x triglycerides and ApoB
Verdict 1992 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Changes in triglycerides and ApoB were significant, but the converted ApoB effect was slightly below a conventional medium magnitude
1993 · Freeze-dried whole doenjang x visceral fat reduction
Verdict 1993 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
Visceral fat decreased, but the trial was a small completer analysis and its 40 g fresh equivalent contained about 1,495 mg sodium
1994 · Freeze-dried whole cheonggukjang x abdominal fat reduction
Verdict 1994 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
CT visceral fat did not improve versus control, and a female subgroup cannot overturn the full-population result
1995 · Whole sauerkraut x systemic inflammation reduction
Verdict 1995 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Fresh product contained fermentation microbes, yet neither fresh nor pasteurized sauerkraut lowered systemic inflammation in the full population
1996 · Whole kombucha x fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 1996 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Glucose fell within the kombucha period, but kombucha did not outperform the control drink
1997 · Whole full-fat yogurt x bone metabolism
Verdict 1997 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Yogurt contains nutrients, but every bone-turnover marker was null versus control
1998 · Whole koji amazake x defecation frequency
Verdict 1998 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Defecation days increased, but independent replication of the single manufacturer trial is needed
1999 · Whole natto x cardiovascular mortality
Verdict 1999 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 4 cited sources
People reporting high natto intake had lower cardiovascular mortality, but causality is not established
200 · Chasteberry x PMS and premenstrual syndrome
Verdict 200 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 4 cited sources
There are relatively direct human studies for PMS symptoms
2000 · Whole cheese x mortality and major cardiovascular events
Verdict 2000 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 5 cited sources
More than one daily cheese serving was not significantly associated with fewer deaths or major cardiovascular events
2001 · Whole walnuts, 30 to 60 g daily x age-related cognitive decline prevention
Verdict 2001 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Whole walnuts at 30 to 60 g daily did not slow global cognitive decline over two years
2002 · One whole Brazil nut daily x cognition in mild cognitive impairment
Verdict 2002 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
The cognitive signal for one Brazil nut daily rests on a pilot analysis of only 20 completers
2003 · Raw unsalted cashews, 30 g daily x systolic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2003 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
The cashew trial failed its primary glycemic outcome, and the small systolic-pressure difference was secondary
2004 · Milled flaxseed, 30 g daily x blood pressure in peripheral artery disease
Verdict 2004 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Milled flaxseed produced a large six-month pressure reduction, but blood pressure was a registered secondary surrogate
2005 · Whole almonds, about 57 g daily x facial wrinkles in postmenopausal women
Verdict 2005 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
The whole-almond wrinkle signal comes from one producer-board-funded trial of 49 women with limited skin types
2006 · Ground sesame seeds 40 g/day x knee osteoarthritis pain and function
Verdict 2006 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
A 50-person add-on trial was positive, but the magnitude could not be verified
2007 · Whole macadamia nuts 35 to 59 g/day x weight and body-fat loss
Verdict 2007 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Whole macadamias did not reduce weight or body fat
2008 · Ground pecans about 42.5 g/day x insulin resistance
Verdict 2008 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Insulin-resistance markers improved modestly under isocaloric substitution, without clinical-outcome evidence
2009 · Sunflower-seed-containing food 25 g/day x acne improvement
Verdict 2009 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Acne worsening was more common in the sunflower-seed group
201 · Avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) x improvement of knee osteoarthritis pain and function
Verdict 201 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 4 cited sources
There is evidence for a small improvement in knee pain and function, but joint-structure preservation has not been established
2010 · Cooked whole ginkgo nuts x memory improvement
Verdict 2010 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Unlike ginkgo leaf extract, whole ginkgo nuts have no identified human memory trial
2011 · Pressure-cooked parboiled brown rice x improved HbA1c
Verdict 2011 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Replacing white rice with brown rice did not lower overall HbA1c
2012 · Three daily servings of whole wheat and oats x reduced systolic blood pressure
Verdict 2012 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 5 cited sources
Whole-grain replacement lowered blood pressure in one surrogate-outcome trial
2013 · Whole-grain provided diet x increased bowel-movement frequency
Verdict 2013 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 5 cited sources
Whole-grain replacement increased bowel frequency, but the finding was exploratory in healthy adults
2014 · Boiled quinoa seed x weight loss
Verdict 2014 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Adding quinoa to the usual diet did not reduce body weight
2015 · Fully cooked green lentils, 140 g per day x reduced postprandial glucose response
Verdict 2015 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 5 cited sources
Cooked lentil meal replacement lowered a postprandial glucose marker in a small trial
2016 · Wholegrain rye products replacing refined wheat x weight loss
Verdict 2016 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
The initial six-week weight contrast did not replicate in a larger 12-week trial
2017 · Tofu at least once weekly x lower coronary heart disease incidence
Verdict 2017 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Frequent tofu consumers had fewer coronary events, but the evidence is observational
2018 · Soy foods x breast-cancer recurrence and mortality
Verdict 2018 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Soy foods were not associated with increased recurrence or mortality, but causation remains unproven
2019 · Wholegrain intake x lower all-cause mortality
Verdict 2019 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
High wholegrain consumers had a lower mortality hazard, but this was not a causal trial
202 · Natural eggshell membrane (NEM) x improvement of knee-joint pain, stiffness, and function
Verdict 202 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
There is a small signal for pain and function improvement, but ingredient-company concentration and endpoint inconsistency remain
2020 · Cooked black soybeans x reduced hair loss and gray-hair reversal
Verdict 2020 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No human trial was identified that fed cooked whole black soybeans for hair loss or gray-hair reversal
2021 · Black tea, three cups daily x lower 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure
Verdict 2021 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Three cups of black tea lowered 24-hour pressure by about 2 mmHg, a small effect by statistical convention
2022 · Matcha powdered drink, two servings daily x prevention of cognitive decline in older adults
Verdict 2022 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Two daily matcha drinks did not improve cognitive testing in the overall older-adult sample
2023 · Decaffeinated energy shot x improved alertness and mental energy
Verdict 2023 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The low-caffeine energy shot did not improve alertness or mental energy over five hours
2024 · Decaffeinated coffee, 300 mL x reduced postprandial acid reflux
Verdict 2024 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Decaf caused less short-term acid exposure than regular coffee, but symptoms were not measured
2025 · Dark chocolate, 40 g x walking ability in peripheral artery disease
Verdict 2025 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Dark chocolate improved walking tests at two hours, but durable functional benefit was not established
2026 · Coffee x prevention of incident type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2026 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Increased coffee intake was associated with lower diabetes incidence, but prevention was not established
2027 · Hibiscus tea x improved blood lipids
Verdict 2027 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Brewed-tea trials differed, and no brewed-tea-only pooled effect size was identified
2028 · Yuja tea x shorter and milder common colds
Verdict 2028 · Evidence Grade ? · 1 cited sources
No human evidence was identified that yuja tea shortens or relieves a common cold
2029 · Brewed Pu-erh tea x body-fat and weight loss
Verdict 2029 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Pu-erh alone did not reduce weight or body-fat percentage more than placebo tea
203 · Devil's claw root (Harpagophytum procumbens) x relief of osteoarthritis and low-back pain
Verdict 203 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 4 cited sources
Specific preparations have short-term low-back-pain signals, but evidence covering osteoarthritis as well is limited
2030 · Dunggulle tea x recovery from everyday fatigue
Verdict 2030 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
No human evidence was identified for everyday-fatigue recovery from brewed dunggulle tea
2031 · Dried wakame x reduced postprandial glycemia
Verdict 2031 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
One meal produced a lower glucose curve, but long-term glycemic control and diabetes prevention were not established
2032 · Dried hijiki x improved mean glucose in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2032 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Five grams per day of processed hijiki did not improve mean glucose over five weeks
2033 · Kombu-powder cookies boiled for 60 minutes to reduce iodine x lower blood pressure
Verdict 2033 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
A blood-pressure signal appeared with kombu-powder cookies boiled for 60 minutes to reduce iodine, but the registered primary endpoint was null
2034 · UV-B-irradiated button mushroom soup x improved vitamin D status
Verdict 2034 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
UV-B-irradiated mushrooms raised serum vitamin D but are not equivalent to ordinary mushrooms or proven clinical benefit
2035 · Button mushrooms replacing red meat x long-term weight loss
Verdict 2035 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The mushroom group lost weight within itself, but the formal comparison against the meat group was not significant
2036 · Edible mushroom intake x prevention of incident dementia
Verdict 2036 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Two cohorts agreed in women, but a causal dementia-prevention effect of edible mushrooms remains unproven
2037 · Edible mushroom consumption x prevention of incident prostate cancer
Verdict 2037 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
A large cohort found an association, but edible mushrooms have not been established to prevent prostate cancer
2038 · Miyeokguk x faster postpartum recovery
Verdict 2038 · Evidence Grade ? · 7 cited sources
Miyeokguk supplies iodine, but no human trial establishing faster postpartum recovery was identified within the accessible scope
2039 · Dried nori x faster height growth in children
Verdict 2039 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Dried nori contains nutrients, but no human evidence establishing faster childhood height growth was identified within the accessible scope
204 · SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) x relief of depressive symptoms and antidepressant augmentation
Verdict 204 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 5 cited sources
Monotherapy evidence conflicts, and the pooled antidepressant-augmentation result is not significant
2040 · Oyster mushroom powder meal x lower energy intake at the next meal
Verdict 2040 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Oyster mushroom powder delayed gastric emptying but did not lower the registered primary next-meal energy-intake outcome
2041 · Farmed trout x improved blood lipids in hyperlipidemia
Verdict 2041 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
A short trial found better laboratory lipid changes with farmed trout than capsules, without evidence for fewer cardiovascular events
2042 · Shrimp x worsening of the blood-lipid profile
Verdict 2042 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Shrimp raised LDL and HDL together while lowering triglycerides, resisting a simple harmful-or-harmless conclusion
2043 · Cod fillet x additional weight loss during energy restriction
Verdict 2043 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
The extra 1.7 kg loss with cod five times weekly comes from one short completer analysis
2044 · Farmed salmon x improved postprandial glucose response
Verdict 2044 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
A postprandial relative-glucose signal came from a small retrospectively registered trial that did not measure diabetes prevention
2045 · Canned sardines x metabolic-risk markers and one-year diabetes incidence in older adults with prediabetes
Verdict 2045 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Incident diabetes was severely imprecise at four control versus two sardine events, while risk score and HOMA-IR improved separately
2046 · Cod during pregnancy x improved infant neurodevelopment
Verdict 2046 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Iodine status improved, infant development did not, and cognition had an unadjusted nominal adverse signal
2047 · Tuna and broiled or baked fish x reduced heart-failure incidence
Verdict 2047 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Nonfried fish was repeatedly associated with less heart failure, but this does not prove prevention by a specific tuna product
2048 · Mixed fish consumption x prevention of rheumatoid arthritis
Verdict 2048 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
A moderate-intake signal did not translate into support from the pooled, highest-intake, or linear-trend results
2049 · Oysters x improved libido and sexual function
Verdict 2049 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Oysters are zinc-rich, but no human trial of whole oysters for libido or erectile function was found
205 · White kidney bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris) x inhibition of carbohydrate absorption and weight loss
Verdict 205 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 4 cited sources
Postprandial surrogate and short-term weight signals exist, but independent replication and product generalizability are limited
2050 · Chueotang x fatigue recovery and improved vitality
Verdict 2050 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Chueotang has measurable nutrients, but no human study directly testing fatigue or vitality was found
2051 · Calcium-fortified UHT milk x short-term height growth in undernourished children
Verdict 2051 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Short-term height gain increased in low-calcium girls, but the result cannot be expanded to ordinary milk or final adult height
2052 · Nonfermented milk x fracture prevention
Verdict 2052 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Greater nonfermented-milk intake was not associated with fewer fractures in large cohorts, but observational data cannot establish causal absence of benefit or harm
2053 · Whole eggs x the claim of little effect on LDL and HDL
Verdict 2053 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Whole eggs produced a small significant LDL increase in hyperlipidemic adults, while HDL changes were not significant
2054 · Whole eggs x increased cardiovascular disease
Verdict 2054 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Whole-egg intake up to about one daily was not associated with increased cardiovascular disease in large cohorts
2055 · A2 milk x reduced gastrointestinal symptoms after milk
Verdict 2055 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
A2 milk caused fewer acute digestive symptoms in one manufacturer-funded single-dose trial, without independent long-term evidence
2056 · Low-fat chocolate milk x superior post-exercise endurance recovery
Verdict 2056 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Chocolate milk may be a comparable recovery drink, but the overall evidence does not establish superior endurance recovery
2057 · Skim milk x increased adolescent acne
Verdict 2057 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
High skim-milk intake had a small observational association with adolescent acne, without proof of causation
2058 · Whole eggs x greater muscle gain than egg whites during resistance training
Verdict 2058 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Whole eggs did not produce greater muscle-mass gain than protein-matched egg whites during 12 weeks of resistance training
2059 · Unsalted butter x no LDL effect versus plant oils
Verdict 2059 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Unsalted butter at 50 g daily raised LDL more than olive and coconut oil over four weeks
206 · Coleus forskohlii extract (forskolin) x reduction of body fat and body weight
Verdict 206 · Evidence Grade D · 31 · 3 cited sources
Weight loss was not demonstrated in human trials, and the positive body-fat signal has not been independently reproduced
2060 · Raw milk x reduced lactose-intolerance symptoms
Verdict 2060 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Raw milk did not improve lactose digestion or symptoms versus pasteurized milk and carries greater infection risk
2061 · Spicy-food habit x lower all-cause mortality
Verdict 2061 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Spicy-food frequency was associated with lower mortality, but dose and causality remain unverified
2062 · Curry habit x less cognitive decline
Verdict 2062 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Curry frequency was linked to incident cognitive disorder, but the adjusted cognitive-decline trend was null and actual dose was unknown
2063 · Whole cardamom powder x improved glucose and lipids in prediabetes
Verdict 2063 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Whole cardamom powder at 3 g/day was tested directly but did not improve glucose or lipids versus control
2064 · Prepared yellow mustard x exercise-cramp relief
Verdict 2064 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Whether table mustard relieves exercise cramps has not been measured directly in humans
2065 · Ground dried bay leaf x lower fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2065 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Glucose fell within bay-leaf groups, but the study did not establish a treatment effect versus control
2066 · Dried dill-leaf powder x colonic-motility-related symptoms
Verdict 2066 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
A motility-symptom signal was not a prespecified placebo-superiority result
2067 · Cayenne powder x appetite and calorie intake
Verdict 2067 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Lower meal intake appeared only among people who did not regularly eat spicy food
2068 · Black pepper plus turmeric x chronic pain
Verdict 2068 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Black pepper did not add pain relief to culinary-dose turmeric
2069 · Coriander-seed powder x glucose and LDL in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2069 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Culinary-dose coriander seed lowered six-week laboratory markers, not measured clinical outcomes
207 · Grains of paradise extract (Aframomum melegueta) x brown-fat activation, increased energy expenditure, and body-fat reduction
Verdict 207 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
Human thermogenic signals exist, but independent replication of long-term body-fat effects and sufficient safety data are absent
2070 · Raw garlic x prevention of common-cold occurrence
Verdict 2070 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
The positive capsule trial was not a cold-prevention trial of one raw garlic clove
2071 · Processed meat x increased colorectal cancer incidence
Verdict 2071 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 6 cited sources
Processed meat was associated with higher colorectal cancer incidence, but the causal effect size remains uncertain
2072 · Unprocessed red meat x increased type 2 diabetes incidence
Verdict 2072 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 4 cited sources
Higher unprocessed-red-meat intake was associated with more diabetes, but a causal effect is not established
2073 · Replacing red meat with plant protein x reduced coronary heart disease incidence
Verdict 2073 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Modeled replacement with nuts, legumes, and soy was associated with less CHD, but this was not a randomized food swap
2074 · Red and white meat x LDL and apoB
Verdict 2074 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
White meat did not lower LDL or apoB versus red meat, and both meat diets were higher than nonmeat
2075 · Lean beef plus resistance training x additional strength and muscle gains in older women
Verdict 2075 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Resistance training worked, but a lean-beef-emphasis diet added no detectable strength or muscle benefit
2076 · Mixed-meat diet x maintenance of iron stores and hemoglobin
Verdict 2076 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
A mixed-meat diet favored maintenance of low iron stores but did not establish treatment of anemia or relief of fatigue
2077 · Weight-loss diet containing beef x added weight loss
Verdict 2077 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Beef could be included during weight loss, but it did not produce greater loss than the non-beef high-protein diet
2078 · Beef bone broth x osteoarthritis pain and function
Verdict 2078 · Evidence Grade ? · 1 cited sources
Bone broth has measurable minerals, but no human trial of osteoarthritis pain and function was found
2079 · Samgyetang x fatigue recovery and improved vitality
Verdict 2079 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Samgyetang has measurable nutrition, but no human study directly testing fatigue or vitality was found
208 · Fucoxanthin x reduction in body weight and abdominal fat
Verdict 208 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
Fucoxanthin has weight-loss signals in a few trials, but its isolated effect and independent replication are limited
2080 · Carnivore diet x improved overall health and well-being
Verdict 2080 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Current carnivore-diet adherents reported high satisfaction, but the uncontrolled cross-sectional survey did not establish improved health
2081 · Sugar-sweetened beverages x increased all-cause mortality
Verdict 2081 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 4 cited sources
Frequent sugary-drink consumers had a higher mortality hazard, but this was not a causal trial
2082 · Circulating erythritol concentration x increased major cardiovascular events
Verdict 2082 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Circulating erythritol was associated with cardiovascular events, but a causal effect of eating the sweetener remains unconfirmed
2083 · Aspartame x weight loss or prevention of weight gain
Verdict 2083 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Aspartame itself did not reduce weight or prevent gain in a 12-week trial
2084 · Sucralose 48 mg x worsened glucose and insulin responses after a glucose load
Verdict 2084 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Insulin response increased during one glucose challenge, but the study did not demonstrate long-term glycemic harm
2085 · Agave syrup x improved long-term glycemic control
Verdict 2085 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Low GI is documented, but no human syrup trial demonstrating long-term HbA1c benefit was verified
2086 · Sesame oil versus the usual diet or existing olive-oil and corn-oil comparators x lower blood pressure in hypertensive men
Verdict 2086 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Sesame oil changed selected blood-pressure measures at day 15, but a sustained between-group reduction was not established
2087 · Perilla oil versus fish oil and flaxseed oil plus fish oil x lower triglycerides in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2087 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Perilla-oil capsules supplied alpha-linolenic acid but did not establish triglyceride reduction over six months
2088 · Canola oil versus a Western fat blend x lower LDL
Verdict 2088 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Canola oil lowered LDL when it replaced a higher-saturated-fat Western-profile blend, but clinical events were not measured
2089 · Palm olein versus soybean oil or cocoa butter x whether liver fat increases
Verdict 2089 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Palm olein did not increase liver fat more than soybean oil or cocoa butter during 16 weeks of isocaloric feeding in healthy adults
209 · Capsinoids (capsiate) x thermogenesis and body-fat reduction
Verdict 209 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 4 cited sources
Capsinoids may slightly increase thermogenesis, but long-term reductions in body weight and body fat are limited
2090 · Grape-seed oil versus refined olive oil or no added oil x lower blood pressure
Verdict 2090 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Grape-seed oil at 20 mL daily did not lower blood pressure versus no added oil and performed worse than refined olive oil over six weeks
2091 · Ultra-processed diet x increased ad libitum intake and weight gain
Verdict 2091 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Two inpatient trials found greater intake and short-term weight gain on ultra-processed diets, not long-term disease
2092 · Ultra-processed food x incident depressive symptoms
Verdict 2092 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Higher ultra-processed food share tracked with incident depressive symptoms, but this was not a causal trial
2093 · Noodle consumption x incident hypertension
Verdict 2093 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
High noodle intake tracked with incident hypertension, but this was not a ramen-only causal trial
2094 · Artificially sweetened beverages x type 2 diabetes prevention
Verdict 2094 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Zero sugar reduces sugar intake, but long-term diabetes prevention was not demonstrated
2095 · Plant-based meat alternatives x lower LDL versus animal meat
Verdict 2095 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
LDL was lower than with animal meat, but product composition, funding, and short-term surrogate limits matter
2096 · Fruit granola x improved bowel-movement frequency
Verdict 2096 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Bowel frequency rose similarly with both cereals, so granola-specific superiority was not shown
2097 · Whey protein drink x muscle gain without exercise
Verdict 2097 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
A year of whey supplementation without exercise did not increase thigh muscle size
2098 · Frozen portion-controlled entrees x 12-week weight loss
Verdict 2098 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Provided frozen portion-controlled meals improved 12-week loss, but processing and long-term maintenance were not isolated
2099 · Ultra-processed foods x increased all-cause mortality
Verdict 2099 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
High ultra-processed-food intake was associated with a 4% higher mortality hazard, with substantial classification and confounding limits
210 · Plant sterols and stanols x reduction in LDL cholesterol
Verdict 210 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 5 cited sources
Plant sterols and stanols consistently lower LDL, but evidence for preventing cardiovascular events is separate
2100 · 100% fruit juice x increased type 2 diabetes incidence
Verdict 2100 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Pure fruit juice was not associated with increased diabetes incidence, but the study did not exclude increased risk
2101 · Early six-hour time-restricted feeding x insulin sensitivity
Verdict 2101 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
A short-term insulin-sensitivity marker improved in eight men eating matched calories early
2102 · 10 pm late dinner x worsened sleep
Verdict 2102 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
An isocaloric late dinner did not worsen sleep architecture over one laboratory night
2103 · Breakfast skipping x 16-week weight gain
Verdict 2103 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Advice to skip breakfast did not increase weight over 16 weeks
2104 · Forty chews per bite x lower single-meal energy intake
Verdict 2104 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Forty chews reduced intake at one meal, but long-term weight was not measured
2105 · Cooled and reheated rice x postprandial glycemic response
Verdict 2105 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
The tested cooled and reheated rice had more resistant starch and a lower one-meal glycemic response
2106 · Boiled and steamed low-AGE diet x improved circulating AGEs and cardiovascular risk markers
Verdict 2106 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Cooking changed food AGE exposure, but clinical cardiovascular protection remains untested.
2107 · Frequent fried-food intake x increased heart-failure incidence
Verdict 2107 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
The association is clear, but it does not establish frying itself as causal.
2108 · Grilled or barbecued red meat x increased colorectal-cancer incidence
Verdict 2108 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Cooking-compound formation is real, but colorectal-cancer causality from a specific grilling method remains uncertain.
2109 · Uncooked vegan diet x improved rheumatoid-arthritis activity and symptoms
Verdict 2109 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Exploratory subjective signals did not translate into better major clinical measures.
211 · Bergamot polyphenolic fraction x improvement in LDL and triglycerides
Verdict 211 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 4 cited sources
Bergamot has a lipid-improvement signal, but dependence on specific ingredients and manufacturers and study-quality limitations are substantial
2110 · Air-fried potatoes x reduced cancer incidence versus deep-fried potatoes
Verdict 2110 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Composition data exist, but cancer prevention by air-fried potatoes has not been measured in humans.
2111 · Healthy low-carbohydrate diet x greater weight loss than a low-fat diet
Verdict 2111 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Both patterns produced weight loss, but their average 12-month difference was not significant.
2112 · Well-formulated ketogenic diet x greater HbA1c reduction than Mediterranean diet
Verdict 2112 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Ketones increased, but HbA1c superiority over Mediterranean-Plus was not shown.
2113 · WHI low-fat diet x prevention of invasive breast cancer
Verdict 2113 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Fat intake remained lower, but invasive breast-cancer prevention was not statistically established.
2114 · Vegetarian diet x reduced all-cause mortality
Verdict 2114 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Lower mortality in a large cohort does not establish that vegetarian eating itself extends life.
2115 · TOHP sodium-reduction diet x fewer long-term cardiovascular events
Verdict 2115 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Long-term cardiovascular events favored sodium reduction, but exposure maintenance and morbidity follow-up were incomplete.
2116 · Very-low-sodium diet x increased death or major cardiovascular events
Verdict 2116 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
A low spot-urine sodium estimate was associated with events, but causal harm from sodium reduction was not established.
2117 · High-protein diet x kidney damage in healthy adults
Verdict 2117 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The short feeding trial did not show impaired kidney function but did not answer long-term clinical injury.
2118 · Non-celiac gluten-free diet x gastrointestinal symptom relief
Verdict 2118 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Symptoms improved during low-FODMAP restriction, but gluten and whey challenges worsened symptoms similarly.
2119 · MIND diet x prevention of cognitive decline
Verdict 2119 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Diet scores clearly separated, but MIND did not improve three-year cognitive change over equal calorie restriction.
212 · Hawthorn leaf and flower extract x improvement in chronic-heart-failure symptoms, exercise capacity, and blood pressure
Verdict 212 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 5 cited sources
Past heart-failure symptom signals for hawthorn were not replicated as functional or event benefits on modern standard therapy
2120 · Low-glycemic-load diet x reduced acne lesions
Verdict 2120 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Lesions improved more on the low-glycemic-load diet, but higher protein and weight loss could not be separated.
2121 · High water intake x prevention of calcium kidney stone recurrence
Verdict 2121 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
One five-year trial found fewer recurrences when urine volume was raised after a first calcium stone.
2122 · An extra 1.5 L of water daily x prevention of recurrent cystitis
Verdict 2122 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Recurrence fell in premenopausal low-volume drinkers, but independent replication is absent.
2123 · Premeal 500 mL water x additional weight loss during a hypocaloric diet
Verdict 2123 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
A small trial in older adults found a weight-loss signal when premeal water was added to calorie restriction.
2124 · Two liters of mineral water plus fiber x improvement of functional constipation
Verdict 2124 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
An older high-fiber trial was positive when fluid increased, but outcome magnitude was incompletely reported.
2125 · An extra 1.5 L of water daily x fewer recurrent headache days
Verdict 2125 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Quality of life improved, but days with at least moderate headache did not decrease.
2126 · An extra 2 L/day of water x improved skin hydration and elasticity
Verdict 2126 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Skin-hydration readings changed, but the causal effect of water and visible cosmetic improvement were not established
2127 · Carbonated mineral water 1.5 L/day x improved functional dyspepsia
Verdict 2127 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
The carbonated-water arm improved over time, but the effect versus randomized control was not adequately reported
2128 · Hydrogen water 500 mL/day x slowed progression of mild cognitive impairment
Verdict 2128 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The overall cognitive comparison failed, and positivity was confined to a 13-person genetic subgroup
2129 · Alkaline water above pH 8 x improved laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms
Verdict 2129 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
The combined dietary program showed improvement, but the effect of alkaline water alone was not isolated
213 · Olive leaf extract x improvement in blood pressure
Verdict 213 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 5 cited sources
Olive leaf extract has a signal of lowering blood pressure, but there is no evidence on long-term cardiovascular events
2130 · Domestic water hardness 121-180 mg/L x lower cardiovascular-disease incidence
Verdict 2130 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Large associations with actual cardiovascular events were observed, but a causal benefit from personally drinking hard water was not established
2131 · Red wine 150 mL/day x lower all-cause mortality and longevity
Verdict 2131 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 4 cited sources
A favorable J-shaped association exists, but it cannot establish that one glass of red wine extends life
2132 · Lifelong exposure differences from European-ancestry ADH1B x coronary heart disease prevention
Verdict 2132 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Causal evidence does not support starting alcohol to prevent coronary heart disease
2133 · Red or white wine 150 mL/day x glycemic control in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2133 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Wine composition and selected HDL or genotype signals did not establish better glycemic control
2134 · Alcohol reduction in heavier drinkers x lower blood pressure
Verdict 2134 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Alcohol reduction has an average blood-pressure signal, but the largest long-term trial found a small uncertain difference
2135 · Alcohol before bed x faster sleep onset and better sleep quality
Verdict 2135 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Alcohol may bring sleep on faster, but it does not improve whole-night architecture or restoration
2136 · Red wine 150 mL/day x weight and abdominal-fat loss
Verdict 2136 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Red wine did not reduce weight or abdominal visceral fat more than water
2137 · Alcohol 10 g/day x breast-cancer prevention
Verdict 2137 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 4 cited sources
Repeated evidence, including low intake, shows increased rather than reduced breast-cancer risk
2138 · Midlife drinking of 1-14 UK units/week x dementia prevention
Verdict 2138 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Low midlife intake was associated with lower dementia hazard, but a preventive effect of starting alcohol was not established
2139 · Beer or wine 1-2 drinks/day x bone density and osteoporosis prevention
Verdict 2139 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Some BMD differences were observed, but actual fracture prevention with one to two drinks was not established
214 · Hesperidin x Improvement of blood pressure, endothelial function, and venous circulation
Verdict 214 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
A blood-pressure effect was not confirmed, and evidence for endothelial function and venous circulation is limited
2140 · Unpasteurized makgeolli 300 mL/day x bowel movements and constipation
Verdict 2140 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Viable bacteria are present, but no human trial directly measured improved bowel movements or constipation
2141 · Drinking coffee, 2 to 5 cups/day x reduced all-cause mortality
Verdict 2141 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Lower mortality appeared only after detailed smoking adjustment
2142 · Drinking coffee, at least 828 mL/day x Parkinson disease prevention
Verdict 2142 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
This is a long-term male-cohort association, not a Parkinson prevention trial
2143 · Caffeinated coffee, at least 600 mL/day x prevention of incident depression
Verdict 2143 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Lagged analyses pointed the same way, but this was not a depression-prevention trial
2144 · Participant-selected caffeinated coffee x reduced premature atrial contractions
Verdict 2144 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
A direct randomized crossover trial did not confirm reduced premature atrial contractions
2145 · Boiled unfiltered coffee, 4 to 6 cups/day x no increase in LDL or total cholesterol
Verdict 2145 · Evidence Grade F · 14 · 4 cited sources
Unlike paper-filtered coffee, boiled unfiltered coffee raised blood lipids
2146 · Drinking about 1.4 L of coffee daily x colon-cancer prevention
Verdict 2146 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
A large prospective analysis extending to about 1.4 L/day found no colon-cancer prevention association
2147 · Caffeinated coffee, two to four cups daily x symptomatic gallstone prevention
Verdict 2147 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Caffeinated coffee was inversely associated with symptomatic gallstones in male and female cohorts, without proof of causality
2148 · At least 600 mL coffee or 330 mg caffeine daily x osteoporotic-fracture prevention
Verdict 2148 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Fracture prevention was unsupported, and the early female harm signal was not reproduced in the longer cohort update
2149 · Regular coffee 100 mL three times daily x earlier bowel movement after colorectal surgery
Verdict 2149 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 5 cited sources
Postoperative coffee advanced first bowel movement by roughly 10 to 15 hours across randomized colorectal-surgery trials
215 · Alpha-cyclodextrin x Improvement of postprandial triglycerides, LDL, and body weight
Verdict 215 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
There is a short-term postprandial triglyceride signal, but long-term LDL and weight effects were not confirmed
2150 · Switching to decaf during pregnancy x improved birth weight and gestational length
Verdict 2150 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Reducing caffeine by a mean 182 mg/day in later pregnancy improved neither birth weight nor gestational length
2151 · Black tea with an iron-containing meal x reduced nonheme-iron absorption
Verdict 2151 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Simultaneous tea reduced one-meal absorption versus delayed tea but did not establish long-term anemia
2152 · Calcium carbonate supplements with meals x long-term iron deficiency or anemia
Verdict 2152 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Acute absorption inhibition is not equivalent to causing long-term iron deficiency or anemia
2153 · Energy drink mixed with alcohol x masked intoxication and increased risk-taking
Verdict 2153 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 5 cited sources
Changes in stimulation do not prove masked intoxication or increased risk-taking
2154 · Grapefruit juice with felodipine x increased drug exposure
Verdict 2154 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Grapefruit juice has a real interaction with felodipine, though the evidence centers on pharmacokinetics
2155 · Milk or yogurt alone with ciprofloxacin x reduced absorption
Verdict 2155 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Dairy alone lowers absorption, but dairy-containing meals and treatment failure are separate questions
2156 · Carbonated soft drinks and cola x lower bone density or more fractures
Verdict 2156 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
A small observational fracture association exists, but soda has not been shown to directly pull calcium from bone
2157 · Spinach plus milk or dairy x more kidney stones
Verdict 2157 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Calcium taken with spinach reduced oxalate absorption, opposite to the common belief
2158 · Black tea plus milk x loss of flow-mediated dilation response
Verdict 2158 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Milk lowered black tea's flow-mediated dilation response in small short trials, but cardiovascular events were not studied
2159 · Raw cucumber plus radish x vitamin C deficiency
Verdict 2159 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Cucumber enzyme exists, but vitamin C deficiency from eating cucumber with radish has not been studied in humans
216 · Apple cider vinegar x Improvement of postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and body weight
Verdict 216 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 3 cited sources
There are limited glycemic-marker signals, but interpretation of weight evidence and safety is constrained
2160 · Persimmon plus crab x poisoning, abdominal pain, or diarrhea
Verdict 2160 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
An exploratory animal study observed no poisoning, but no human comparison of persimmon with crab was confirmed
2161 · Curcumin plus piperine x increased blood curcumin exposure
Verdict 2161 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
The early trial reported AUC of 0.004 alone and about 0.08 microgram-hours/mL with piperine, but an independent trial did not replicate benefit
2162 · Gold kiwifruit plus iron-fortified cereal x improved low iron stores
Verdict 2162 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
In nonanemic women with low iron stores, sixteen weeks of kiwifruit with fortified cereal increased ferritin more than banana
2163 · Salad plus soybean-oil dressing x increased carotenoid absorption
Verdict 2163 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Postprandial carotenoid exposure increased with soybean oil, but responses varied by compound and person
2164 · Salsa plus avocado x increased lycopene absorption
Verdict 2164 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Avocado increased single-meal lycopene exposure from salsa, but this is not evidence of prostate-cancer prevention
2165 · Whole egg plus vegetable salad x increased carotenoid absorption
Verdict 2165 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Adding 150 g whole egg to salad greatly increased postprandial carotenoid exposure, but this does not establish better vision
2166 · Vitamin D plus a fat-containing meal x higher plasma vitamin D3 response
Verdict 2166 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Meal fat increased the single-dose plasma vitamin D3 peak, but long-term status and fracture benefit were not established
2167 · Tomato sauce plus olive oil x postprandial atherosclerosis-related markers
Verdict 2167 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Olive-oil tomato sauce changed some postprandial inflammatory and adhesion markers, but the registered marker family was not uniformly positive
2168 · Black pepper plus canola-oil salad x increased carotenoid absorption
Verdict 2168 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Black pepper and canola-oil emulsion together produced greater carotenoid exposure than either component alone
2169 · High-prebiotic diet plus probiotics x added mood benefit
Verdict 2169 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Adding probiotics to a high-prebiotic diet did not improve the registered primary mood outcome
217 · Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract x Reduction of blood glucose and sugar cravings
Verdict 217 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
There are short-term signals for blood glucose and sugar craving, but study design and consistency are limited
2170 · Coenzyme Q10 plus piperine x higher plasma coenzyme Q10
Verdict 2170 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Twenty-one-day AUC was 15.38 with piperine versus 11.81 mg/L-days with placebo, but shorter regimens were not significant
2171 · MSG 5 g x a reproducible acute symptom complex
Verdict 2171 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Symptoms increased after an initial fasting 5 g challenge but did not reproduce consistently with retesting or food
2172 · Food-color and sodium-benzoate mixtures x child hyperactivity
Verdict 2172 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Some mixtures modestly increased hyperactivity scores, but the contributions of colors and preservative were not separable
2173 · Organic diet x lower cancer incidence
Verdict 2173 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
A large French cohort found fewer cancers, but lifestyle differences accompanying organic-food choice could not be fully separated
2174 · High-residue-classified produce x lower IVF pregnancy and live birth
Verdict 2174 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
IVF birth success was lower, but pesticide exposure was not measured directly in individual participants
2175 · Trans fat x increased coronary heart disease
Verdict 2175 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 9 cited sources
Long-term coronary events and adverse lipid changes in controlled feeding point in the same direction
2176 · Raw milk x prevention of childhood asthma and allergy
Verdict 2176 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Raw milk has repeatedly correlated with less childhood asthma, but farm environment and self-selection remain unresolved
2177 · Food emulsifier CMC x gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation
Verdict 2177 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
CMC changed selected gut metabolites and discomfort but did not establish human intestinal inflammation
2178 · Aluminum cookware x incident dementia
Verdict 2178 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Aluminum can migrate into acidic food, but cookware users did not have more dementia in the direct cohort analysis
2179 · Food-contact plastics x reduced IVF pregnancy and live birth
Verdict 2179 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Urinary DEHP correlated with reduced IVF live birth, but causation from food-contact plastics remains unconnected
218 · Salacia reticulata/oblonga extract x Suppression of the postprandial glucose rise
Verdict 218 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
There is a single-meal postprandial-glucose signal, but long-term HbA1c evidence and independent replication are limited
2180 · Genetically modified food x increased clinical allergy
Verdict 2180 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 6 cited sources
Commercial EPSPS soybean resembled conventional soybean on sensitization tests, but clinical allergy after ingestion has not been compared
2181 · 10,000 steps per day x lower all-cause mortality
Verdict 2181 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
More daily steps tracked with lower mortality, but exactly 10,000 was not a special optimum
2182 · Brisk walking x lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
Verdict 2182 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
People calling themselves brisk walkers had lower mortality, but this was not a measured-speed prescription trial
2183 · Daily stair climbing x lower ASCVD events
Verdict 2183 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Stair users had fewer ASCVD events, but the dose-response was nonmonotonic and not causal trial evidence
2184 · Fasted aerobic exercise x additional body-fat loss
Verdict 2184 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Acute fuel-use differences during fasting did not produce additional long-term body-fat loss
2185 · Muscle-strengthening exercise x lower all-cause mortality
Verdict 2185 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Strength-training participants had lower mortality, but the dose-response was not monotonic and the evidence was observational
2186 · Weekend-warrior exercise x mortality difference from distributed exercise
Verdict 2186 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
The study did not detect a mortality difference between concentrated and distributed activity, but it did not establish equal effects
2187 · Prolonged sedentary time x a 'new smoking' level of mortality risk
Verdict 2187 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Prolonged sitting is unfavorable, but it is not quantitatively equivalent to smoking and activity still matters
2188 · HIIT x additional peak oxygen uptake versus MICT
Verdict 2188 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
HIIT raised peak oxygen uptake more, but did not establish greater benefit per minute or better long-term clinical outcomes
2189 · Evening exercise x sleep disruption
Verdict 2189 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Moderate exercise ending two to four hours before bedtime does not support the common sleep-disruption claim
219 · Resistant starch x Improvement of insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose
Verdict 219 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
Findings for insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose conflict and are limited to surrogate markers
2190 · Immediate postexercise protein x a 30-minute anabolic window for muscle gain
Verdict 2190 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The trial found no statistically detected daily protein-intake difference and no special long-term muscle advantage for the immediate 30-minute window
2191 · Extra school-day outdoor time x prevention of childhood myopia onset
Verdict 2191 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 4 cited sources
More outdoor time at school modestly reduced first myopia onset in nonmyopic children
2192 · Daytime napping x prevention of cognitive decline and dementia
Verdict 2192 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Short naps have a protective association, but longer and more frequent naps may be an early consequence of dementia
2193 · The 20-20-20 rule x relief of digital eye strain and dry eye
Verdict 2193 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
The exact 20-20-20 formula did not reduce eye strain in its direct comparison study
2194 · A three-step bedtime routine x infant and toddler sleep
Verdict 2194 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Parent-reported sleep improved after a consistent three-step routine, but independent objective replication is absent
2195 · Vibration-guided left-side sleep x relief of nighttime reflux
Verdict 2195 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
A left-side positional device increased 14-day nighttime reflux response versus sham
2196 · Napping once or twice weekly x cardiovascular event prevention
Verdict 2196 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
One or two naps weekly were associated with fewer cardiovascular events, but this was not a causal prevention trial
2197 · Sleep regularity x reduced all-cause mortality
Verdict 2197 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Actigraphy-measured irregular sleep was associated with mortality, but causal life extension was not tested
2198 · Weekend catch-up sleep x mortality and cardiovascular prevention
Verdict 2198 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Weekend catch-up sleep did not offset mortality or cardiovascular risk even among weekday short sleepers
2199 · About seven hours of sleep x lowest all-cause mortality
Verdict 2199 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Mortality was observed to be lowest near seven hours, but an exact causal seven-hour prescription is unproven
220 · Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) x Improvement of constipation and stool frequency, and increased bifidobacteria
Verdict 220 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Increased bifidobacteria is repeated, but stool-frequency improvement varies by trial and subgroup
2200 · Stopping phone use 30 minutes before bed x sleep onset and duration
Verdict 2200 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Stopping phone use 30 minutes before bed improved self-reported sleep onset and duration in a small four-week trial
2201 · N95 particulate respirator x blood pressure and heart-rate variability during pollution exposure
Verdict 2201 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Filtration performance and short-term cardiovascular surrogate improvement are different claims
2202 · Household HEPA air purifier x lower blood pressure
Verdict 2202 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Particles decreased, but blood pressure did not significantly fall in the full population
2203 · Long-term PM2.5 exposure x higher all-cause mortality
Verdict 2203 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Long-term PM2.5 was associated with mortality, but personal inhaled exposure was not measured
2204 · Ten-year PM2.5 exposure x incident dementia
Verdict 2204 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
All-cause dementia was associated with PM2.5, but personal exposure was not directly measured
2205 · Prenatal and childhood PM2.5 x incident childhood asthma
Verdict 2205 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Childhood asthma was associated with PM2.5, but the mother's and child's inhaled dose was not directly measured
2206 · Persistent gas-stove use x increased childhood asthma
Verdict 2206 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Persistent gas-stove use tracked with asthma, but actual pollution and ventilation were not measured
2207 · Lower indoor carbon dioxide x simulated office decision performance
Verdict 2207 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 4 cited sources
Lower carbon dioxide improved simulated decisions, but actual workplace performance was not measured
2208 · Saline nasal irrigation x sinonasal symptoms in dust-exposed workers
Verdict 2208 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Symptom categories improved, but the small trial lacked sham irrigation and a between-group effect size
2209 · Pork x fine-dust and heavy-metal detoxification
Verdict 2209 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
An uncontrolled 45-person study found no significant serum-metal reduction and never measured fine-dust elimination
221 · Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) x improved bowel movements and increased bifidobacteria
Verdict 221 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Increased bifidobacteria is observed, but long-term and independently replicated evidence for improved bowel movements is limited
2210 · Habitual exercise in polluted areas x lower natural-cause mortality
Verdict 2210 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Exercise benefit persisted in polluted areas, but personal pollution during exercise was not measured
2211 · Social isolation x higher all-cause mortality
Verdict 2211 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
In the same model, mortality tracked social isolation rather than loneliness
2212 · Registered dog ownership x lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
Verdict 2212 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Registered owners had lower mortality, especially in single-person households, but selection effects remain
2213 · Volunteering x prevention of physical-function decline in older adults
Verdict 2213 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Older adults volunteering at least 100 hours had fewer limitations, but the result did not survive multiple-testing correction
2214 · Gratitude writing x reduced depressive symptoms
Verdict 2214 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Gratitude writing looked better than waiting, but the effect was small against active tasks
2215 · Headspace mindfulness app x reduced worker stress
Verdict 2215 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Headspace reduced stress more than an active digital control, but the 4.5-month effect was small and complete data covered about half the sample
2216 · Forest bathing x sustained hypertension control
Verdict 2216 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
A small immediate blood-pressure change does not establish long-term hypertension control
2217 · Residential greenness x lower all-cause mortality
Verdict 2217 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Greener residential surroundings were associated with lower mortality, but personal nature exposure was not measured
2218 · Social-prescribing link worker x quality of life in multimorbidity
Verdict 2218 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
A one-month link-worker trial improved neither quality of life nor mental health at its primary endpoints
2219 · Singing for Lung Health x replacing exercise rehabilitation in COPD
Verdict 2219 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
The ten-week walking difference was within a clinical benchmark, but high attrition leaves replacement of the exercise-training component uncertain
222 · Butyrate salts (butyrate) x IBS abdominal pain and bloating, and improved intestinal barrier
Verdict 222 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 4 cited sources
IBS symptom signals differ by formulation and age, and a clinical intestinal-barrier effect of oral butyrate has not been established
2220 · Nature walk x working memory in adults with depression
Verdict 2220 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Working memory improved after a 50-to-55-minute nature walk, but this was an immediate test in 19 people
2221 · Daily flossing x reduced gingivitis
Verdict 2221 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Flossing may lower short-term gingival index, but long-term gum-disease prevention is not established
2222 · Routine scale and polish x prevention of gingival bleeding
Verdict 2222 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Routine scaling reduced calculus, but it did not show less gingival bleeding in low-risk adults and did not precisely exclude every meaningful benefit
2223 · Nonsurgical periodontal therapy x prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events
Verdict 2223 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
The association between gum and heart disease does not establish fewer recurrences after treatment
2224 · Periodontitis x increased dementia incidence
Verdict 2224 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Periodontitis was modestly associated with dementia, but causation and prevention by treatment remain unproved
2225 · Nonsurgical periodontal treatment x lower HbA1c
Verdict 2225 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Periodontal treatment may lower short-term HbA1c, but complication-event data were not verified
2226 · Periodontal treatment during pregnancy x prevention of preterm birth
Verdict 2226 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Periodontal health improved, but preterm birth did not, and precision was insufficient for a strong refutation
2227 · Periodontitis x incident rheumatoid arthritis
Verdict 2227 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
A long nationwide cohort did not confirm more rheumatoid arthritis after recorded periodontitis
2228 · Periodontal treatment x reduced rheumatoid arthritis disease activity
Verdict 2228 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Short-term DAS28 improvement is signaled, but trials are small and the estimated effect size is limited
2229 · Periodontitis x incident Parkinson disease
Verdict 2229 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
A small association persisted after lag analyses, but the pooled cohort estimate remained inconclusive
223 · Mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscus) x functional dyspepsia and Helicobacter suppression
Verdict 223 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
The short-term signal for functional dyspepsia is distinct from evidence for Helicobacter suppression or eradication
2230 · Periodontitis x increased all-cause mortality
Verdict 2230 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Periodontitis was associated with mortality, but the study cannot establish causation or treatment benefit
2231 · Infant sleep education x reduced objective night waking
Verdict 2231 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Parents perceived less severe sleep difficulty, but infants did not wake less by actigraphy
2232 · Back sleeping x reduced sudden infant death syndrome
Verdict 2232 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 7 cited sources
Randomized trials are unavailable, but multinational case-control and natural-experiment evidence consistently supports back sleeping
2233 · Stepwise early heated egg x prevention of egg allergy in infants with eczema
Verdict 2233 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Prevention was shown for a narrow strategy combining stepwise heated egg with aggressive eczema treatment in high-risk infants
2234 · Modified baby-led weaning x healthier growth and overweight prevention
Verdict 2234 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Safety-modified baby-led feeding did not improve growth trajectory or prevent overweight through 24 months
2235 · Modified baby-led weaning x reduced choking events
Verdict 2235 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Adding choking-prevention education to modified baby-led feeding did not reduce parent-reported choking events
2236 · Breastfeeding promotion and support x reduced infant gastrointestinal infection
Verdict 2236 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
A breastfeeding promotion and support program reduced infant gastrointestinal infection in the Belarus cluster trial
2237 · Tummy time x improved motor development in preterm infants
Verdict 2237 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
A short-term motor-score signal in preterm infants was not confirmed by the main outcome and came from a high-attrition trial
2238 · High-dose infant vitamin D x additional bone-strength benefit over standard dose
Verdict 2238 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
In healthy term infants, 1,200 IU raised blood levels over 400 IU but did not improve bone measures
2239 · Tight leg-extension swaddling x developmental dysplasia of the hip
Verdict 2239 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Traditional wrapping with the hips extended and adducted increased dysplasia progression in infants with immature hips
224 · Multi-enzyme digestive supplement x improved digestion and bloating in the general population
Verdict 224 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Short-term signals exist for specific multi-enzyme products, but evidence for generalization to healthy people and the full market is limited
2240 · Tactile-kinesthetic massage in preterm infants x short-term weight gain
Verdict 2240 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Combined tactile stimulation and passive movement produced a short-term weight-gain signal in stable preterm infants, without confirmed long-term benefit
2241 · Working at least 55 hours per week x incident stroke
Verdict 2241 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Working at least 55 hours was associated with stroke, but the data do not directly test prevention by cutting hours
2242 · Job strain x incident coronary heart disease
Verdict 2242 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Job strain was modestly associated with coronary events, but this was not a prevention trial of workplace redesign
2243 · Long-term rotating night shift x incident breast cancer
Verdict 2243 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
A younger long-duration night-shift signal was not consistent across the two cohorts or trend tests
2244 · Long-term rotating night shift x incident type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2244 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Long rotating-night-shift duration was dose-responsively associated with diabetes, but weight and observational limitations matter
2245 · Sit-stand desk x cardiometabolic health
Verdict 2245 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Sit-stand desks reduced sitting, but long-term cardiovascular and metabolic benefit was not established
2246 · Active microbreaks x prevention of office-worker neck and low-back pain
Verdict 2246 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
One high-risk office-worker trial found fewer new pain cases, but cluster and measurement limitations remain
2247 · Organization-level positive communication x ICU staff burnout
Verdict 2247 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
The large ICU trial was positive, but durability and response-selection concerns remain
2248 · Work-time control and supervisor support x employee sleep
Verdict 2248 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Objective sleep increased by about eight minutes, while insomnia and wake-after-sleep-onset outcomes remained null
2249 · Cycle commuting x lower cancer incidence
Verdict 2249 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Cycle commuters had fewer cancer diagnoses, but a causal benefit from switching commute mode is unproven
225 · D-mannose x prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection
Verdict 225 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 4 cited sources
Prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection was not confirmed in a large independent placebo-controlled trial
2250 · Twenty-five-percent worktime reduction x sleep and stress
Verdict 2250 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Employer-verified worktime reduction with preserved pay and staffing modestly improved sleep and stress
2251 · Smartphone use limited to two hours daily x depressive symptoms
Verdict 2251 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Device-logged restriction reduced symptoms over three weeks, but clinical and durable effects remain unproven
2252 · Adolescent digital-technology use x lower psychological well-being
Verdict 2252 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Digital use had a statistically detectable but extremely small association with adolescent well-being
2253 · Blocking phone notifications x sustained-attention errors
Verdict 2253 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Calls and texts disrupted a one-session sustained-attention task, but durable everyday benefit from blocking them remains unproven
2254 · Video-game training x improved general cognitive ability
Verdict 2254 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Far transfer to general cognition was very small in the main model and inconclusive after bias correction and in the game-type subgroup
2255 · Violent video-game exposure x long-term youth aggression
Verdict 2255 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
The average longitudinal association with later aggression was positive but tiny and near zero in better-designed studies
2256 · Neck-mounted smartphone holder x nonspecific neck pain
Verdict 2256 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Adding the holder to exercise produced a large four-week difference in a small retrospectively registered trial
2257 · Digital screen time x child and adolescent myopia
Verdict 2257 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Screen time was weakly associated with myopia, but incident and causal effects remain uncertain
2258 · Smartphone use while walking x gait stability
Verdict 2258 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Walking with a phone changes gait substantially, but this meta-analysis did not test actual accident rates
2259 · Front-pocket mobile phone carrying x fecundability and semen
Verdict 2259 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Front-pocket carrying was not consistently associated with overall fecundability or semen, but exposure measurement was crude
226 · Pumpkin seed oil x improvement of urinary symptoms from benign prostatic hyperplasia and male androgenetic alopecia
Verdict 226 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
Signals exist for urinary symptoms and male androgenetic alopecia, but independently repeated evidence using the same formulation is limited
2260 · Family screen restriction x child physical activity
Verdict 2260 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Children became substantially more active during two weeks in which families surrendered devices
2261 · Hot-water tub bathing frequency x cardiovascular disease incidence
Verdict 2261 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Almost-daily bathing was associated with fewer cardiovascular events, but prevention is not established
2262 · Residential radon exposure x lung cancer
Verdict 2262 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Residential radon is associated with more lung cancer, but the three regional teams were not fully independent
2263 · Road-traffic noise exposure x ischemic heart disease and stroke
Verdict 2263 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Traffic noise has small associations with myocardial infarction and stroke, but a pollution-independent causal effect is uncertain
2264 · Home heating improvement x childhood asthma symptoms
Verdict 2264 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Symptoms improved after heater replacement, but primary lung function did not
2265 · Residential dampness and mold x asthma and respiratory symptoms
Verdict 2265 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Qualitative dampness and mold indicators are associated with asthma, but cannot be generalized to a specific spore dose
2266 · Horticultural therapy activities x depressive symptoms
Verdict 2266 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Depression scores improved, but predominantly quasi-experimental evidence leaves treatment effects uncertain
2267 · Community choir participation x depressive symptoms
Verdict 2267 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Depression scores improved while singing groups ran, but the difference was gone at six months
2268 · Artificial light during sleep x weight gain and obesity
Verdict 2268 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Room light or television use was associated with weight gain, but the study cannot establish that light itself was the cause
2269 · Indoor humidification x prevention of upper respiratory tract infections
Verdict 2269 · Evidence Grade ? · 1 cited sources
Humidification studies existed, but none measured upper respiratory infection incidence itself
227 · Pygeum (African plum tree bark extract) x improvement of urinary symptoms from benign prostatic hyperplasia
Verdict 227 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
A positive signal remains in old short-term trials, but there is no modern large independent RCT
2270 · Volunteering x mortality risk
Verdict 2270 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Volunteers had lower mortality hazard, but healthy-person self-selection could not be excluded
2271 · Scraping versus pinching a bee stinger x local reaction
Verdict 2271 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
A small human experiment did not confirm that scraping is superior to pinching
2272 · Prehospital tourniquet x mortality after extremity trauma
Verdict 2272 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Adjusted survival was favorable, but treatment indication and injury severity could not be fully controlled
2273 · Twenty-minute cool running water for burns x grafting and admission
Verdict 2273 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Grafting and admission were lower, but hard clinical outcomes rested mainly on observational evidence
2274 · One-percent povidone-iodine laceration irrigation x wound infection
Verdict 2274 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 5 cited sources
Older randomized trials conflict on whether one-percent povidone-iodine prevents infection better than saline
2275 · Antipyretics during fever x recurrent febrile seizures
Verdict 2275 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Several trials were null, but their confidence interval did not rule out a substantial preventive effect
2276 · Adding ice for acute ankle sprain × pain and recovery
Verdict 2276 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Adding ice has not been shown to speed recovery, but the evidence is too imprecise to exclude a worthwhile benefit.
2277 · Tilting the head back during a nosebleed × hemostasis
Verdict 2277 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
No human comparative study directly measuring the hemostatic effect of tilting the head back was identified.
2278 · Eye patching for corneal abrasion × healing speed and pain
Verdict 2278 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Patching was not shown to speed healing and the pain difference was not significant, but absence of benefit could not be asserted.
2279 · P6 acupressure band × motion-sickness nausea
Verdict 2279 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Sham-controlled trials did not establish prevention of motion-sickness nausea, and evidence during actual travel remains limited.
228 · Horny goat weed (Epimedium species, icariin) x improvement of erectile function and libido
Verdict 228 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Preclinical mechanisms exist, but there is no human efficacy trial for judging erectile function or libido
2280 · Back blows and abdominal thrusts for choking × neurological outcome
Verdict 2280 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Both maneuvers were associated with better neurological outcome than no intervention, but failure to adjust witnessed status prevents a causal conclusion.
2281 · Personal permanent hair-dye use x hematopoietic cancer
Verdict 2281 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
No overall blood-cancer association was found, but a small subtype signal and long-term exposure limitations remain
2282 · Tattooing x skin cancer
Verdict 2282 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
A skin-cancer signal was observed, but events were sparse and sun-exposure confounding remained
2283 · Aluminum deodorant and underarm shaving x breast cancer
Verdict 2283 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
The breast-cancer harm claim was not supported, but case-control evidence cannot exclude harm
2284 · Bra wearing x breast cancer
Verdict 2284 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
No association was found across wearing characteristics, but this was not a true nonwear comparison
2285 · Indoor tanning-device use x melanoma
Verdict 2285 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Cumulative indoor tanning and early initiation were associated with higher melanoma incidence
2286 · Long-term high-heel use x midfoot pain
Verdict 2286 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Radiographic deformity was not found, while selected foot pain showed a small association
2287 · Urinary phthalate metabolites x semen parameters
Verdict 2287 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Some associations were reported, but metabolite-specific coefficients and intervals were unavailable and infertility was not measured
2288 · Sleeping in contact lenses x microbial keratitis
Verdict 2288 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Absolute risk is low, but repeated overnight contact-lens wear markedly raised microbial-keratitis incidence
2289 · Habitual alcohol hand-sanitizer use x respiratory infection prevention
Verdict 2289 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Adding sanitizer to school hand-hygiene education did not reduce caregiver-defined respiratory-illness absence
229 · Shilajit x improvement of testosterone, sperm, and fatigue
Verdict 229 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
A specific standardized ingredient has positive signals, but independent replication and clinical endpoints are lacking
2290 · At-home whitening strips x tooth sensitivity
Verdict 2290 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
The long-term placebo trial did not establish increased sensitivity, but its small sample could not exclude harm
2291 · Bedtime versus upon-waking antihypertensive dosing x major cardiovascular events
Verdict 2291 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Bedtime dosing did not reduce major cardiovascular events versus morning dosing, but meaningful benefit was not excluded
2292 · Three versus seven days of amoxicillin for pediatric pneumonia x treatment failure or retreatment
Verdict 2292 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
In uncomplicated pediatric pneumonia manageable after discharge, a completed three-day amoxicillin course was noninferior to seven days
2293 · Alternate-day versus daily oral iron x hemoglobin response
Verdict 2293 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
At the same total iron dose, alternate-day dosing did not increase hemoglobin more than daily dosing
2294 · Bedtime versus morning-fasting levothyroxine x thyroid-stimulating hormone
Verdict 2294 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Fasting bedtime dosing lowered TSH versus dosing 30 minutes before breakfast, but did not improve symptoms
2295 · Alcohol during NSAID use x upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Verdict 2295 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
At least 15 g/day of alcohol during regular NSAID or aspirin use was associated with increased major gastrointestinal bleeding
2296 · Stopping versus continuing alendronate after five years x fractures
Verdict 2296 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Any clinical fracture did not differ, while clinical vertebral fracture alone was significantly lower with continuation
2297 · Premeal versus other proton-pump-inhibitor timing x reflux symptoms
Verdict 2297 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Premeal timing improved symptoms, but evidence comes from one short unblinded trial of 64 people
2298 · First-180-day oral-anticoagulant prescription coverage above 80% versus 80% or less x stroke and systemic embolism
Verdict 2298 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
First-180-day prescription coverage of 80% or less was associated with more stroke than coverage above 80%, but actual ingestion and residual confounding remain unresolved
2299 · Low-protein and protein-redistribution diet during levodopa x motor off time
Verdict 2299 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Shifting protein toward dinner may reduce off time, but evidence is limited to a very small trial
230 · D-aspartic acid x increase in testosterone and muscle
Verdict 230 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 4 cited sources
Repeated controlled trials in resistance-trained men did not confirm increased testosterone or muscle
2300 · Same-day split versus single-dose methotrexate x treatment response
Verdict 2300 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Same-day splitting showed a week-16 signal but did not significantly improve the 24-week primary response
2301 · Medication optimization x drug-related hospital admission
Verdict 2301 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Recommendations were implemented, but drug-related admission did not decline
2302 · Multicomponent nonpharmacological care x incident delirium
Verdict 2302 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Multicomponent care reduced delirium, but its effect cannot be assigned to one component
2303 · Two-hour versus three- or four-hour repositioning x pressure ulcers
Verdict 2303 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
No pressure-ulcer difference was established among intervals on high-density foam
2304 · Thickened liquids versus chin-down thin liquids x aspiration pneumonia
Verdict 2304 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Thickened liquids did not reduce pneumonia compared with chin-down thin liquids
2305 · Speed-of-processing training x dementia diagnosis
Verdict 2305 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The overall speed-training assignment did not significantly reduce claims-diagnosed dementia
2306 · Nursing-home physical restraints x falls and fractures
Verdict 2306 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Evidence did not show that physical restraints prevent falls
2307 · Dementia family-carer coping training x depression and anxiety
Verdict 2307 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
The symptom difference persisted but was small
2308 · Inpatient comprehensive geriatric assessment x living at home
Verdict 2308 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Comprehensive geriatric assessment increased living at home mainly by reducing institutional admission
2309 · Post-discharge transitional nursing x heart-failure readmission
Verdict 2309 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Nurse-led transitional care reduced heart-failure readmission, but programs and bias risks varied
231 · Red clover isoflavones x relief of menopausal hot flashes and night sweats
Verdict 231 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Hot-flash reduction varies by formulation and the average effect is not large
2310 · Bed-exit alarms x hospital falls
Verdict 2310 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Greatly increasing bed-exit alarm use did not reduce hospital falls, but important benefit was not excluded
2311 · Graduated compression stockings on long-haul flights x asymptomatic DVT
Verdict 2311 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Stockings reduced asymptomatic ultrasound-detected DVT after long flights, while symptomatic and serious-event prevention remains unknown
2312 · Daily emollient use from the neonatal period x prevention of atopic dermatitis
Verdict 2312 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 3 cited sources
Prophylactic neonatal emollient use did not prevent atopic dermatitis and significantly increased skin infection
2313 · Peanut oral immunotherapy x higher oral-food-challenge threshold
Verdict 2313 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Supervised challenge tolerance increases, but this is not cure or unrestricted eating and treatment increases anaphylaxis
2314 · Endometrial scratching before IVF x increased live birth
Verdict 2314 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Two large trials repeatedly found no live-birth benefit, but they share one coauthor and a validated refutation threshold is unavailable
2315 · Chewing gum after abdominal surgery x bowel-function recovery
Verdict 2315 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
First flatus occurred about seven hours earlier, but small trials, heterogeneity, and assessment limitations remain
2316 · Saline nasal irrigation in children x cold symptoms and recurrence
Verdict 2316 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Nasal-obstruction improvement is supported by one open trial of a specific manufacturer product
2317 · Bed rest for threatened miscarriage x miscarriage prevention
Verdict 2317 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Two trials of bed rest for threatened miscarriage did not show miscarriage prevention
2318 · White noise for newborns and infants x sleep onset
Verdict 2318 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
The immediate five-minute neonatal sleep-onset signal is large but does not establish repeated or overnight benefit
2319 · Infant walker use x walking development
Verdict 2319 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Walker users walked later, but cross-sectional data cannot separate walker effects from reverse causation
232 · Wild yam extract x menopausal symptoms and a 'natural progesterone' effect
Verdict 232 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
Wild-yam cream did not improve menopausal symptoms or progesterone in the direct trial
2320 · Knuckle cracking x hand osteoarthritis
Verdict 2320 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Hand osteoarthritis was not associated with cracking, but the evidence does not exclude a small risk
2321 · Live zoster vaccine x incident dementia
Verdict 2321 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Live zoster vaccine reduced dementia diagnoses in a Welsh natural experiment, but this was neither randomization nor independent replication
2322 · Probiotics x prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Verdict 2322 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Pooled probiotics reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea, but products and definitions vary and the most rigorous subset is inconclusive
2323 · Tirzepatide x major cardiovascular events versus dulaglutide
Verdict 2323 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Tirzepatide was noninferior to dulaglutide for major cardiovascular events but was not proven superior
2324 · Liberal transfusion in acute MI with anemia x death or reinfarction
Verdict 2324 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Liberal transfusion was numerically favorable, but the large trial's primary result narrowly missed statistical significance
2325 · Seven-day antibiotics for bloodstream infection x 90-day mortality versus fourteen days
Verdict 2325 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
A planned seven-day course was noninferior to fourteen days for 90-day mortality in eligible hospitalized bloodstream infection
2326 · Impella CP x 180-day mortality in STEMI cardiogenic shock
Verdict 2326 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Impella CP reduced 180-day mortality in selected STEMI cardiogenic shock while increasing serious complications
2327 · 4CMenB or Bexsero x gonorrhea prevention
Verdict 2327 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 6 cited sources
4CMenB did not reduce laboratory-confirmed gonorrhea in recent randomized trials of high-risk men
2328 · Facial gua sha x contouring and lifting
Verdict 2328 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Facial gua sha produced pre-post instrumental changes, but no inactive group allowed calculation of a gua-sha-specific lifting effect
2329 · Face yoga x appearance of facial aging
Verdict 2329 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Estimated age from photographs fell among face-yoga completers, but no control group allowed calculation of a causal exercise effect
233 · Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) x improvement of menopausal symptoms and female sexual function
Verdict 233 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Recent human trials are positive, but evidence remains short-term and centered on commercial ingredients without independent replication
2330 · Gel-nail ultraviolet curing lamps x skin cancer
Verdict 2330 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 8 cited sources
Squamous-cell cancer cases have followed gel-nail lamp exposure, but no study compares cancer incidence in users and nonusers
2331 · HPV vaccination x reduced invasive cervical cancer
Verdict 2331 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Independent nationwide cohorts in two countries found substantially fewer invasive cervical cancers after early HPV vaccination
2332 · Coronary CT angiography x myocardial infarction prevention
Verdict 2332 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Adding CT to care for stable chest pain reduced five-year coronary death or nonfatal myocardial infarction
2333 · Influenza vaccination x cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction
Verdict 2333 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Influenza vaccination shortly after infarction reduced a one-year composite cardiovascular endpoint, but recruitment stopped early
2334 · Preventive tamoxifen x breast-cancer incidence
Verdict 2334 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 2 cited sources
Preventive tamoxifen lowers breast-cancer incidence in high-risk women but increases endometrial cancer and venous thromboembolism
2335 · Does metabolic-bariatric surgery reduce all-cause mortality in adults with severe obesity?
Verdict 2335 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Mortality was lower, but the study did not establish cause-specific mortality effects or superiority of an individual procedure.
2336 · Cataract surgery x reduced incident dementia
Verdict 2336 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Two prospective cohorts found a lower dementia association, but surgical selection and reverse causation cannot be fully excluded
2337 · Weighted blanket x improved insomnia symptoms
Verdict 2337 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
The large subjective effect in psychiatric comorbid insomnia was not fully reproduced on ISI or actigraphy in general insomnia
2338 · Topical magnesium x faster exercise recovery
Verdict 2338 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
The direct randomized trial was null, but repeated refutation and precise exclusion of meaningful benefit are not established
2339 · Ionic footbath x removal of toxins from the body
Verdict 2339 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Water changes without feet, and no increased toxin elimination was observed in human urine or hair
234 · Sophora japonica fruit extract x menopausal women’s health and improvement in the Kupperman Index
Verdict 234 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
An ingredient-specific 12-week trial found a symptom-index improvement signal, but independent replication has not been identified
2340 · Hinoki phytoncide inhalation or spray x infection prevention
Verdict 2340 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Human hinoki-oil research measured immune cells, not prevention of infections or hospitalization
2341 · PFO closure x prevention of recurrent cryptogenic stroke
Verdict 2341 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
Closure reduces recurrence in selected younger cryptogenic-stroke patients, but atrial arrhythmia and procedural harm must be considered
2342 · Chlorhexidine-alcohol skin antisepsis x surgical-site infection after clean-contaminated surgery
Verdict 2342 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
It reduced infection versus aqueous povidone-iodine in clean-contaminated surgery but does not prove universal superiority over alcohol-based iodine
2343 · Venovenous ECMO x mortality in very severe ARDS
Verdict 2343 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Early ECMO did not significantly reduce 60-day mortality, and extensive rescue crossover may have diluted the contrast
2344 · Early cisatracurium neuromuscular blockade x mortality in ARDS
Verdict 2344 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Against modern usual care targeting lighter sedation, early 48-hour cisatracurium did not reduce 90-day mortality
2345 · Adjuvant abemaciclib x recurrence in high-risk early breast cancer
Verdict 2345 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Recurrence and overall mortality are reduced in selected node-positive high-risk early breast cancer, but evidence remains concentrated in one Lilly trial
2346 · Extended-release niacin added to statins x major cardiovascular events
Verdict 2346 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Neither large trial demonstrated fewer clinical cardiovascular events
2347 · Endometrial receptivity testing x live birth
Verdict 2347 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
A randomized trial measuring live birth found no benefit from receptivity-timed transfer
2348 · Abdominal castor-oil pack x constipation
Verdict 2348 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Some symptoms improved, but the uncontrolled study cannot isolate an effect of the pack
2349 · Pulsed electromagnetic-field device x insomnia
Verdict 2349 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Patient-reported insomnia improved, but evidence comes from one short manufacturer-funded trial
235 · Polypodium leucotomos extract x oral ultraviolet protection and erythema reduction
Verdict 235 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 3 cited sources
There is a signal for improvement in acute UV erythema markers, but it is not evidence of long-term clinical photoprotection
2350 · Intravenous glutathione x skin lightening
Verdict 2350 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
A direct human study found no significant lightening difference and recorded serious adverse effects
2351 · Repeated single-embryo transfer × multiple-birth reduction
Verdict 2351 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
One fresh-cycle success rate can be lower, while repeated single transfer largely preserves cumulative live birth and greatly reduces multiples.
2352 · Maternal influenza vaccination × laboratory-confirmed infant influenza
Verdict 2352 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 4 cited sources
Vaccination during pregnancy reduces laboratory-confirmed influenza in infants through six months.
2353 · Calcium supplements × increased myocardial-infarction risk
Verdict 2353 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
An initial harm signal was not confirmed after more complete event ascertainment.
2354 · Oral contraceptives × reduced ovarian-cancer incidence
Verdict 2354 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
The association is large and persistent but remains observational rather than randomized evidence.
2355 · PDE5 inhibitors × reduced Alzheimer-disease incidence
Verdict 2355 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Incidence was lower among prescribed men, but healthy-user bias and reverse causation were not excluded.
2356 · CPAP x atrial-fibrillation recurrence after ablation
Verdict 2356 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Post-ablation recurrence was 57% in both groups, but adherence and precision remain limiting
2357 · N95 respirators vs medical masks x influenza prevention
Verdict 2357 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Neither trial showed N95 superiority over medical masks for confirmed influenza
2358 · Tongue cleaner x halitosis and volatile sulfur compounds
Verdict 2358 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Instrumental sulfur levels briefly fell, but durable malodor improvement from a specialized cleaner is unproven
2359 · Water flosser x gingivitis and bleeding indices
Verdict 2359 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Four-week bleeding indices improved versus floss, but manufacturer support and absent long-term outcomes limit confidence
236 · Choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid x improvement in skin elasticity and wrinkles, hair, and nails
Verdict 236 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 2 cited sources
Instrument-based skin and hair signals exist, but the evidence is concentrated in manufacturer-linked, formulation-specific trials
2360 · Oral collagen peptides x nail growth and breakage
Verdict 2360 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Nail measures improved, but no control group permits attribution to collagen
2361 · Smoking cessation x lower all-cause mortality
Verdict 2361 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Earlier smoking cessation was associated with lower all-cause mortality than continued smoking
2362 · Planned induction at 39 weeks x perinatal outcomes and cesarean delivery
Verdict 2362 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Planned induction at 39 weeks did not increase cesarean delivery and instead reduced it
2363 · Cardiovascular polypill x primary prevention
Verdict 2363 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
The four-drug polypill without aspirin reduced first cardiovascular events
2364 · Balanced crystalloids versus saline x ICU mortality
Verdict 2364 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Balanced crystalloids did not reduce overall ICU mortality
2365 · Conservative oxygen target x ICU mortality
Verdict 2365 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 5 cited sources
Conservative oxygen targeting did not reduce mortality in mechanically ventilated ICU adults
2366 · Does awake prone positioning reduce intubation or death?
Verdict 2366 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Awake prone positioning reduced a composite driven mainly by intubation, without establishing lower mortality.
2367 · Does earlier, higher-dose ICU mobilization improve recovery?
Verdict 2367 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Earlier, higher-dose ICU mobilization did not improve survival-related recovery, and some other adverse events were more frequent.
2368 · Does keeping an onion in a room prevent colds?
Verdict 2368 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
The common-cold claim remains ungraded because this search found no direct human study.
2369 · Does ear candling remove earwax?
Verdict 2369 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Ear candling did not remove wax in the limited human study and can deposit candle wax in the canal.
237 · L-cystine x improvement in diffuse hair loss and hair growth
Verdict 237 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
L-cystine-containing combinations show a hair-cycle improvement signal, but the isolated effect of L-cystine was not determined
2370 · Does a posture-correcting shirt improve posture and neck pain more than exercise?
Verdict 2370 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The posture shirt did not outperform exercise for neck pain or measured spinal angles.
2371 · Baricitinib x reduced mortality in hospitalized COVID-19
Verdict 2371 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Adding baricitinib to standard care reduced 28-day mortality in hospitalized COVID-19.
2372 · Dexamethasone x reduced mortality in hospitalized COVID-19
Verdict 2372 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Dexamethasone reduced mortality when oxygen or ventilation was required, but not without oxygen.
2373 · Raloxifene x primary breast-cancer prevention in high-risk postmenopausal women
Verdict 2373 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Raloxifene matched tamoxifen for invasive prevention in high-risk postmenopausal women, with different thrombotic and noninvasive-cancer tradeoffs.
2374 · Lemon juice and citric acid x prevention of urinary-stone recurrence
Verdict 2374 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Daily 120 mL lemon juice did not significantly reduce two-year stone recurrence, and adherence fell below half.
2375 · Ear piercing x patch-test nickel sensitization
Verdict 2375 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Ear-piercing history repeatedly correlated with nickel patch-test positivity, but the evidence did not directly track measured nickel release or symptomatic dermatitis.
2376 · Sauna-bathing frequency x reduced incident dementia
Verdict 2376 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Long observational associations remain vulnerable to reverse causation and healthy-user bias
2377 · Aggressive fluid resuscitation x clinical outcomes and fluid overload in acute pancreatitis
Verdict 2377 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Aggressive fluid increased overload without clinical benefit and the trial stopped early
2378 · Oil pulling x reduced gingivitis and dental plaque
Verdict 2378 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Some gingival-index improvement contrasts with inconsistent plaque results and very-low certainty
2379 · Adult mewing x jaw-bone and facial-contour change
Verdict 2379 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No human study directly measured adult jaw-bone or facial-contour change from mewing
238 · Millet seed extract (Panicum miliaceum) x reduction in hair loss and hair growth
Verdict 238 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Specific combinations and a miliacin formulation show a signal for reduced shedding, but this is not evidence that generic millet extract alone grows hair
2380 · Soleus push-up x postprandial glucose
Verdict 2380 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
The acute glucose effect was large but came from a three-hour surrogate experiment in 15 people
2381 · Multifactorial fall prevention x recurrent falls in community-dwelling older adults
Verdict 2381 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
A tailored program reduced falls in one high-risk trial, but comparable independent replication was not established
2382 · Early TAVR x death, stroke, and hospitalization in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Verdict 2382 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
The composite difference was driven mainly by unplanned hospitalization, without lower mortality alone
2383 · Intravesical BCG x recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Verdict 2383 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Recurrence fell in intermediate- and high-risk Ta/T1 disease, but progression did not and toxicity caused discontinuation
2384 · Time-lapse embryo selection x live birth after IVF
Verdict 2384 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The large primary live-birth trial found no benefit, but its interval left some benefit possible
2385 · ESA hemoglobin normalization x cardiovascular events in nondialysis CKD
Verdict 2385 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 3 cited sources
Normal hemoglobin targets did not improve cardiovascular outcomes and significantly worsened a primary efficacy endpoint in one large trial
2386 · ACE inhibitor plus ARB x enhanced renal protection in CKD
Verdict 2386 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Added renal protection was not demonstrated, while acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia increased
2387 · Seven-day ejaculatory abstinence x serum testosterone
Verdict 2387 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
The famous 145.7% figure rests on retracted duplicate-report data without independent replication
2388 · Wearing socks in bed x sleep onset and sleep quality
Verdict 2388 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Objective measures improved in a tiny one-night experiment, but this is insufficient evidence for insomnia treatment
2389 · Coffee enema x liver detoxification and toxin elimination
Verdict 2389 · Evidence Grade ? · 13 cited sources
No human study measured liver function or specified-toxin elimination, so the verdict is pending; harm cases are safety information only
239 · Maqui berry extract (Aristotelia chilensis) x improvement in dry eye and tear production
Verdict 239 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 3 cited sources
Two placebo-controlled trials improved clinical tear-volume and symptom endpoints, but samples were small and evidence centered on supplied branded material
2390 · Oral conjugated equine estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone x pulmonary embolism
Verdict 2390 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Two independent randomized trials found pulmonary embolism increased with oral combined therapy
2391 · Bicycle helmet use x prevention of head injury
Verdict 2391 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 5 cited sources
Helmeted cyclists had fewer head injuries in trauma registries, but the exact causal effect remains uncertain
2392 · Semaglutide x reduction of major cardiovascular events
Verdict 2392 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Composite cardiovascular events fell, but cardiovascular death alone was not significant
2393 · Levonorgestrel intrauterine device x emergency contraception
Verdict 2393 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Pregnancy was similarly uncommon versus copper, but the noninferiority margin was a design value rather than a validated clinical threshold
2394 · Green tea consumption x lower all-cause mortality
Verdict 2394 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Adjusted mortality was lower, but a nonrandomized cohort cannot remove healthy-user bias
2395 · Physical activity x lower incidence of dementia
Verdict 2395 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Objective activity was strongly associated with lower dementia incidence, but long preclinical reverse causation remains
2396 · Reusable contact lenses x increased microbial keratitis risk (Acanthamoeba keratitis)
Verdict 2396 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
The association is large, but it comes from case-control evidence
2397 · Adaptive servo-ventilation x reduced death and cardiovascular events in HFrEF
Verdict 2397 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Both large trials failed on primary cardiovascular outcomes, while mortality harm appeared in only one
2398 · Prunes x improvement of chronic constipation
Verdict 2398 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
One small short trial favored 100 g of prunes over psyllium on selected bowel outcomes
2399 · Seed-oil intake x increased blood inflammatory markers
Verdict 2399 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Randomized evidence does not support increased circulating inflammation from higher linoleic acid intake
240 · Sea buckthorn oil (Hippophae rhamnoides) x dry-eye symptoms and tear-film improvement
Verdict 240 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 2 cited sources
There are signals for some dry-eye symptoms, but evidence for consistent improvement across the tear film is limited
2400 · Hydrocolloid acne patch x acne improvement
Verdict 2400 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
An early 20-person one-week study used inactive tape as the control
2401 · Prophylactic onlay mesh x prevention of incisional hernia after high-risk midline laparotomy
Verdict 2401 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Onlay reinforcement reduced incisional hernia but increased seroma in high-risk laparotomy
2402 · Preincision cefazolin x postcesarean infection versus dosing after cord clamping
Verdict 2402 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 4 cited sources
Both groups received antibiotics, and pooled evidence favored preincision dosing for maternal infection
2403 · Propranolol x reduced all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction
Verdict 2403 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
BHAT reduced mortality, but the same-drug Baber trial was not a positive replication
2404 · Suppressive acyclovir x prevention of recurrent genital herpes
Verdict 2404 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Suppressive acyclovir reduces genital herpes recurrences during treatment
2405 · Weighted vest x prevention of hip bone loss during weight loss
Verdict 2405 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
A weighted vest did not stop hip bone loss during weight reduction
2406 · Verdict 2406: backward walking knee osteoarthritis pain function
Verdict 2406 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Source-checked verdict
2407 · Verdict 2407: dronedarone permanent af severe heart failure cardiovascular benefit
Verdict 2407 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Source-checked verdict
2408 · Verdict 2408: humming breathing acute anxiety
Verdict 2408 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Source-checked verdict
2409 · Verdict 2409: single session whole body hyperthermia major depression
Verdict 2409 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Source-checked verdict
241 · Apigenin x sleep quality and tension relief
Verdict 241 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Chamomile research cannot be transferred directly to claims that isolated apigenin improves sleep or relieves tension
2410 · Verdict 2410: soybean tofu intake gastric cancer incidence
Verdict 2410 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Source-checked verdict
2411 · Wedge pillow × nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptom relief
Verdict 2411 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Promising, but not confirmed against a flat pillow.
2412 · Tea tree oil lid scrub × symptoms of Demodex blepharitis
Verdict 2412 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Mite reduction did not translate into demonstrated symptom relief.
2413 · Selenium sulfide shampoo × dandruff reduction
Verdict 2413 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Selenium sulfide 2.5% beat vehicle in one short industry-supported trial.
2414 · Dimenhydrinate × motion sickness prevention
Verdict 2414 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Probably effective, but sedation matters for driving.
2415 · Vapor chest rub × nocturnal cold symptoms in children
Verdict 2415 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 4 cited sources
One-night sleep benefit is possible, while cough did not beat petrolatum.
2416 · Cooling-vest warm-up × 5-km performance in the heat
Verdict 2416 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
A small precooling effect was seen in trained runners under hot conditions.
2417 · Shift and night work × incident dementia
Verdict 2417 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Associations recur, but exposure error and residual confounding prevent causal certainty.
2418 · Occupational disinfectant exposure × incident COPD
Verdict 2418 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
The association persisted after smoking adjustment, but outcome verification and latency remain weak.
2419 · Sugar-sweetened beverages × incident liver cancer
Verdict 2419 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
HCC signals exist, while total liver cancer and key confounding remain unsettled.
242 · Magnolia bark extract (honokiol and magnolol) x improvement of anxiety, stress, and sleep
Verdict 242 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Magnolia-phellodendron combination studies cannot determine the effect of magnolia bark or isolated honokiol or magnolol
2420 · Rigid rocker-sole footwear × recurrent diabetic plantar-ulcer prevention
Verdict 2420 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
Recurrence fell substantially, but replication beyond one small center is needed.
2421 · Flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenge x acute sore-throat relief
Verdict 2421 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
The 8.75 mg lozenge modestly improved acute sore-throat pain, but evidence is limited to short manufacturer trials
2422 · Compression gloves x inflammatory-arthritis hand-pain relief
Verdict 2422 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Compression did not improve rheumatoid-arthritis hand pain beyond a loose-fitting glove
2423 · Daily self-weighing behavioral bundle x weight loss
Verdict 2423 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Daily weighing bundled with recording, a goal, text reminders, and counseling did not significantly improve three-month weight loss
2424 · Fast eating x increased type 2 diabetes incidence
Verdict 2424 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Self-reported fast eating was linked to incident diabetes in multiple Japanese cohorts, but causality is not established
2425 · Prolonged standing at work x increased varicose-vein hospitalization
Verdict 2425 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
Standing or walking for at least 75% of work time was linked to more varicose-vein hospitalization over 12 years
2426 · Domestic ion-exchange water softener x improvement of childhood atopic eczema
Verdict 2426 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Whole-house ion-exchange softening did not improve objective severity of established childhood eczema
2427 · Warm footbath before bed x improved sleep quality in older adults
Verdict 2427 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Older adults may report better sleep after warm footbaths, but objective sleep measures have not improved
2428 · Low-force electronic bidet x pain relief after hemorrhoidectomy
Verdict 2428 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
The low-force bidet had similar mean pain but did not demonstrate noninferiority to warm sitz bathing
2429 · Non-rigid pregnancy pelvic belt x relief of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain
Verdict 2429 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
A non-rigid belt improved pregnancy pelvic girdle pain and function versus information alone, but evidence is one short trial
243 · Lemon verbena extract (Aloysia citrodora) x improvement of sleep quality and stress
Verdict 243 · Evidence Grade B · 61 · 3 cited sources
Sleep quality is B, stress is C because PSS was null, and the 2019 syrup differs from PLX/RelaxPLX
2430 · Anti-fatigue mat x leg-fatigue relief during prolonged standing
Verdict 2430 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
One 19-mm polyurethane mat reduced fatigue during four hours of standing, but long-term workplace benefit is not confirmed
2431 · Antenatal self- or partner-performed digital perineal massage from 34 to 35 weeks x reduced episiotomy and suturing-requiring trauma
Verdict 2431 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Episiotomy and suturing-requiring trauma decrease, but severe-tear prevention is not established
2432 · Pure topical silicone gel x prevention and cosmetic improvement of hypertrophic scars and keloids
Verdict 2432 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
New surgical-scar appearance may improve, but evidence should not be expanded to established keloid treatment
2433 · 0.12% to 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse or 0.2% intrasocket gel x prevention of dry socket
Verdict 2433 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Both rinse and intrasocket gel reduce dry socket, while absolute benefit depends on extraction risk
2434 · Night-time earplugs alone x reduced incidence of strict ICU delirium
Verdict 2434 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Strict delirium must be separated from the broader confusion threshold.
2435 · Does an elastic binder covering the incision improve early walking and recovery after cesarean delivery?
Verdict 2435 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 4 cited sources
Early functional benefit is separated from long-term recovery claims.
2436 · Sleeping in dentures x increased serious pneumonia
Verdict 2436 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
A prospective very-old cohort found a harm association, but this was not a randomized trial
2437 · Nipple shield plus lactation support x exclusive breastfeeding at six months
Verdict 2437 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Early differences did not persist to the six-month primary outcome
2438 · Dog ownership x reduced incident disabling dementia
Verdict 2438 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Dog owners had lower incidence, but causal prevention was not established
2439 · Postpartum perineal ice pack for 20 minutes x immediate pain relief
Verdict 2439 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Brief comfort is possible, but ice was not superior to a room-temperature pack
244 · Uridine monophosphate (UMP) x memory, cognition, and synaptic health
Verdict 244 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 5 cited sources
The UMP-only memory signal is limited to one manufacturer trial, and synaptic-health claims lack direct human evidence
2440 · Taped site on one randomized foot versus an untaped site on the same foot x foot-blister prevention in ultramarathons
Verdict 2440 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Blisters fell in desert ultramarathons, but evidence for ordinary walking remains limited
2441 · Mite-impermeable bed encasings x reduced hospital use for asthma exacerbations
Verdict 2441 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Repeat hospital attendance fell versus placebo encasings, but the overall exacerbation result was not uniformly positive
2442 · Alternating-pressure mattress x reduced pressure-ulcer incidence
Verdict 2442 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Primary superiority over high-specification foam was not significant, although selected high-risk patients may still benefit
2443 · Showering within 12 hours after suturing x wound-infection risk
Verdict 2443 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Early bathing did not increase infection after minor sutured excisions, but it did not reduce infection
2444 · Bacitracin ointment x better wound-infection prevention than petrolatum
Verdict 2444 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Bacitracin did not significantly reduce overall infection versus white petrolatum and carries allergy risk
2445 · Toilet footstool x reduced straining and defecation time
Verdict 2445 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Bowel-movement experience improved, but the small fixed-order study cannot establish chronic-constipation treatment
2446 · Duct-tape occlusion x complete clearance of common warts
Verdict 2446 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Placebo-controlled trials did not establish wart clearance from duct tape
2447 · Topical tranexamic acid for epistaxis x reduced need for nasal packing
Verdict 2447 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 6 cited sources
Topical tranexamic acid did not reduce nasal packing in the largest trial
2448 · Catheter removal at 24 hours after TURP x reduced pain and hospital stay
Verdict 2448 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Removal at 24 hours reduced pain and stay in selected stable patients
2449 · Wearing non-slip socks in hospital x reduced falls
Verdict 2449 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Hospital falls were fewer with non-slip socks, but nonrandomized evidence is not definitive
245 · Sage extract (Salvia officinalis/lavandulifolia) x improvement of memory and attention
Verdict 245 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 4 cited sources
Short-term memory and attention task signals are repeated, but evidence for sustained improvement in everyday cognition is limited
2450 · Going barefoot or wearing socks alone indoors x increased falls
Verdict 2450 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Bare or stocking feet were strongly associated with older-adult falls, with residual situational confounding
2451 · Simultaneous acetaminophen plus ibuprofen x childhood fever discomfort at 48 hours
Verdict 2451 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Temperature may fall somewhat further, but improved child comfort has not been established
2452 · Cerumenolytic ear drops x clearance of impacted earwax
Verdict 2452 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Drops may clear wax, but commercial ingredients are not proven better than water or to improve hearing
2453 · Custom functional foot orthoses x six-month hallux valgus pain
Verdict 2453 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Custom daytime orthoses reduced pain at six months, but the difference disappeared by one year
2454 · Workplace wellness program x better health, work, and economic outcomes
Verdict 2454 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Exercise and weight-management reports rose, but clinical, absence, spending, and performance outcomes did not improve
2455 · Early complementary-food introduction x improved infant sleep
Verdict 2455 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Sleep improved slightly, but this was a parent-reported secondary analysis after the parent trial's primary outcome failed
2456 · Later school start time x longer adolescent sleep
Verdict 2456 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Sleep generally increased after later starts, but design limitations and effect variation were substantial
2457 · Early-childhood screen exposure x developmental delay
Verdict 2457 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
A large dose-response association was observed, but it was not a clinical diagnosis and does not establish causation
2458 · Pacifier use x increased acute otitis media
Verdict 2458 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 4 cited sources
A small association was observed, but parent reporting and large follow-up loss limit causal interpretation
2459 · Cotton-swab ear cleaning x increased cerumen occlusion
Verdict 2459 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Swab use correlated with occlusion on one side, but temporal order was unknowable
246 · Urolithin A x improvement of mitochondrial function, muscle endurance, and age-related muscle function
Verdict 246 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
There are signals in some muscle-endurance and mitochondrial biomarkers, but major clinical functional endpoints have not been confirmed
2460 · A desk potted plant x reduced office anxiety and stress
Verdict 2460 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Anxiety scores fell slightly, but time and expectation effects were not separated
2461 · Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation x overactive-bladder symptom relief
Verdict 2461 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Symptoms improved more than with a validated sensory sham, but independent replication could not be verified
2462 · Home TENS x reduced fibromyalgia pain
Verdict 2462 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Movement pain improved, but the mean between-group difference versus placebo was small
2463 · Tailored smoking-cessation texts x quitting success
Verdict 2463 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Biochemically verified six-month abstinence increased versus low-intensity active texts
2464 · House-dust-mite SLIT tablet x reduced rhinitis symptoms and rescue medication
Verdict 2464 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 5 cited sources
The symptom-plus-medication contrast was small and withdrawal was higher with active treatment
2465 · Constraint-induced movement therapy x upper-limb function after stroke
Verdict 2465 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Arm performance and daily use improved, but the large dose contrast and missing data limit attribution to the method itself
2466 · Eyelid cleansing wipes x reduced blepharitis symptoms
Verdict 2466 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Pre-moistened wipes reduced four-week symptoms versus saline pads but were not superior to another active cleanser
2467 · Menstrual cup use x associated with increased copper-IUD expulsion
Verdict 2467 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
The association was large for the smaller copper IUD but was not shared by every device type
2468 · Chemical hair straightener use x associated with increased uterine cancer
Verdict 2468 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Frequent straightening-product use was associated with uterine cancer, but absolute risk was low and no specific ingredient was identified
2469 · Randomized split-site scalp massage x hair-thickness change
Verdict 2469 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Hair thickness rose from baseline in nine healthy men, but the massaged site did not outperform the untreated site
247 · Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata) x reduction of common-cold symptoms and duration
Verdict 247 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 3 cited sources
There are signals of improvement in common-cold symptoms and time to resolution, but formulation heterogeneity and study-quality limitations are substantial
2470 · Immediate post-laser sunscreen x reduced post-procedure pigmentation
Verdict 2470 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
The sunscreen-treated facial side had a lower one-week melanin index, but durable clinical benefit was not established
2471 · Comprehensive COPD self-management program x reduced hospitalization
Verdict 2471 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Hospitalization did not fall and the trial stopped after excess mortality.
2472 · Ibuprofen x prevention of acute mountain sickness
Verdict 2472 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
AMS fell versus placebo, but equivalence to acetazolamide was not shown.
2473 · Permethrin-treated work clothing x fewer tick bites
Verdict 2473 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Bites fell, but durability and infection prevention remain uncertain.
2474 · Multifaceted podiatry package x fewer falls
Verdict 2474 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
The result belongs to a package, not an insole alone.
2475 · Copper-containing hospital surfaces x fewer healthcare-associated infections
Verdict 2475 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Fewer infections were observed, but this was not concealed patient-level randomization.
2476 · Workplace problem-solving intervention x reduced registered sickness absence
Verdict 2476 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
A structured workplace problem-solving package reduced registered absence in one small cluster trial
2477 · Luminous doorframe night lighting x nighttime falls in dementia care
Verdict 2477 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Falls were fewer during doorframe-lighting nights, but the small crossover feasibility study was inconclusive
2478 · Daily self-monitoring of blood glucose x HbA1c in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2478 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 4 cited sources
Two independent trials excluded a meaningful one-year HbA1c benefit in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes
2479 · Shift and night work x increased incident depression association
Verdict 2479 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Shift work was associated with diagnosed depression, while night-specific excess and causation were not established
248 · Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630) x improvement of acute common-cold and bronchitis symptoms and recovery time
Verdict 248 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Repeated symptom findings for liquid EPs 7630 remain, but the independent 2026 co-primary endpoints were null, supporting C
2480 · Is long-haul air travel associated with more symptomatic venous thromboembolism?
Verdict 2480 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Symptomatic venous thromboembolism was more frequent during the 8 weeks after flights lasting at least 4 hours, but absolute risk was small and observational biases remain.
2481 · Perioperative normothermia x prevention of surgical-site infection
Verdict 2481 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Two independent randomized trials found substantially fewer surgical-wound infections with active warming.
2482 · Electric clipping x prevention of surgical-site infection versus razor shaving
Verdict 2482 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
When preoperative hair removal is necessary, electric clipping produces fewer surgical-site infections than razor shaving.
2483 · Prophylactic multilayer silicone-foam dressings x pressure-injury prevention
Verdict 2483 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Adding multilayer silicone-foam dressings to standard prevention reduced new pressure injuries in high-risk patients.
2484 · Buttonhole fistula cannulation x increased infection
Verdict 2484 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Buttonhole cannulation carries a concerning infection signal, but randomized harm estimates remain imprecise.
2485 · Single 30-minute preoperative respiratory physiotherapy x prevention of pulmonary complications
Verdict 2485 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
One 30-minute physiotherapist-led breathing session before upper abdominal surgery reduced 14-day pulmonary complications and pneumonia.
2486 · Raised toilet seat x prevention of early dislocation after total hip arthroplasty
Verdict 2486 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The raised toilet seat was not tested alone, and the bundled-restriction trial did not reduce dislocation.
2487 · Concert earplugs x prevention of temporary hearing loss
Verdict 2487 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
In one festival RCT, earplugs reduced immediate temporary threshold shift and new tinnitus after amplified music.
2488 · Alcohol before inflight sleep x worsened hypoxemia and sleep
Verdict 2488 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Under cabin-like pressure, alcohol before sleep further lowered oxygen saturation and increased heart rate and time in hypoxemia.
2489 · Milk storage of an avulsed permanent tooth x improved replantation success
Verdict 2489 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Milk avoids dry storage and preserves cells, but direct clinical evidence of better replantation success than water or saline remains inadequate.
249 · Milk basic protein (MBP) x maintenance of bone mineral density and suppression of bone resorption
Verdict 249 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
There are small-study signals in BMD and bone-turnover markers, but independent replication and fracture-prevention evidence have not been confirmed
2490 · Tap-water irrigation of simple lacerations x no increase in infection
Verdict 2490 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Two RCTs found no greater infection with potable tap-water irrigation than saline, although precise prespecified equivalence was not established.
2491 · Grass-pollen sublingual immunotherapy tablets x reduced seasonal symptoms and rescue medication
Verdict 2491 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Standardized grass-pollen sublingual tablets reduced seasonal combined symptom-medication scores, but the evidence remains manufacturer-dependent.
2492 · Classroom HEPA air cleaners x asthma symptom-days
Verdict 2492 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Portable classroom HEPA air cleaners did not significantly reduce asthma symptom-days in a well-controlled school trial.
2493 · Tepid sponging alone x two-hour defervescence in children
Verdict 2493 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Sponging alone produced less two-hour temperature normalization than acetaminophen, although the trials were small and used differing water temperatures.
2494 · Continuous low-level heat wrap x acute low-back pain and disability
Verdict 2494 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Continuous low-level heat wraps reduced pain and disability over several days, but evidence is concentrated in a manufacturer development program.
2495 · Early weight-bearing after ankle-fracture fixation x four-month function
Verdict 2495 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Weight-bearing from two weeks after ankle-fracture fixation modestly improved four-month function without a statistically clear complication increase.
2496 · Modern silver-containing dressings x partial-thickness burn closure
Verdict 2496 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Modern silver dressings showed faster healing than daily silver sulfadiazine, but the evidence is small and heterogeneous.
2497 · Inferior punctal plug x prostaglandin-associated ocular-surface symptoms
Verdict 2497 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
A unilateral punctal plug improved tear-film measures, but patient-perceived symptom benefit was not isolated from the fellow eye.
2498 · Desk-mounted forearm support x prevention of neck and shoulder disorders in computer workers
Verdict 2498 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
A wide forearm-support board reduced incident neck/shoulder disorders in call-center workers, but attrition was high and independent replication is absent.
2499 · Ultrasound-assisted prompted voiding x daytime urine leakage in nursing homes
Verdict 2499 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Ultrasound-assisted, capacity-triggered prompting reduced daytime leakage, but evidence is limited to 80 residents in 11 facilities.
250 · Black seed oil (Nigella sativa) x combined improvement of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids
Verdict 250 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 4 cited sources
There are signals of improved blood-glucose, blood-pressure, and lipid values, but this is not evidence for prevention of clinical events
2500 · Daily foot self-inspection x prevention of diabetic foot ulceration
Verdict 2500 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Daily foot inspection is recommended, but its independent effect on preventing ulcer occurrence has not been established.
2501 · Financial incentives x smoking cessation in pregnancy
Verdict 2501 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Abstinence-contingent vouchers increased verified cessation during pregnancy, although outcome definitions differed between trials
2502 · Preoperative oral antibiotics x surgical-site infection after colorectal surgery
Verdict 2502 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Adding preoperative oral antibiotics reduced 30-day surgical-site infection in two independent trials
2503 · Warm perineal compresses x severe tears during childbirth
Verdict 2503 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Warm perineal compresses showed the same direction of reduction in severe tears across two trials
2504 · Supervised school handwashing x laboratory-confirmed influenza absence
Verdict 2504 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
Supervised soap handwashing reduced influenza absence, but between-group testing differences limit interpretation
2505 · Professional oral care x pneumonia prevention in nursing homes
Verdict 2505 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Professional mouth care remains basic care, but pneumonia prevention has not been consistently established in nursing homes
2506 · Post-hospital individualized home exercise x fewer falls in older adults
Verdict 2506 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Mobility improved modestly, but the prespecified fall rate increased significantly.
2507 · No clear fluids after midnight x aspiration prevention in elective surgery
Verdict 2507 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Clear fluids did not increase gastric volume in healthy elective patients, but evidence for actual aspiration events remains insufficient.
2508 · Toothpaste application x cooling and healing a minor thermal burn
Verdict 2508 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
No direct randomized trial exists, and the retrospective toothpaste-versus-water healing result was null and imprecise.
2509 · Snakebite wound suction x venom removal
Verdict 2509 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Only 0.04% of the injected mock-venom load was recovered in suction fluid, with no verified patient benefit.
251 · L-ornithine x hangover and liver-fatigue improvement
Verdict 251 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 3 cited sources
There is a limited signal for post-hangover fatigue, but it is not evidence of improved liver function
2510 · Repeated fist clenching during phlebotomy x no effect on potassium
Verdict 2510 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Repeated fist clenching can raise potassium in the sampled arm and create pseudohyperkalemia.
2511 · Mailed FIT kits and reminders x colorectal cancer screening completion
Verdict 2511 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Mailing FIT kits directly to overdue adults with reminders substantially increased screening uptake.
2512 · Primary-care collaborative case management x depressive symptom reduction
Verdict 2512 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Collaborative primary-care case management reduced depressive symptoms, but its average effect was small.
2513 · Group cognitive behavioral therapy x chronic low-back-pain disability
Verdict 2513 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Adding group CBT increased functional improvement among adults with chronic low-back pain.
2514 · CBT-based tinnitus care x reduced tinnitus distress and handicap
Verdict 2514 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
CBT-based tinnitus care produced modest reductions in distress and functional burden.
2515 · School-supervised fluoride toothbrushing x reduced childhood caries increment
Verdict 2515 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Children in supervised school fluoride-brushing programs developed fewer carious surfaces, but effect magnitude remains imprecisely documented.
2516 · Intensive preoperative smoking cessation x fewer postoperative complications
Verdict 2516 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Counseling and nicotine replacement begun four to eight weeks before surgery reduced complications in two small trials.
2517 · Yellow night-driving glasses x improved pedestrian detection
Verdict 2517 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Yellow lenses attenuated blue-range light but did not improve pedestrian response time in a night-driving simulator.
2518 · Paper-bag rebreathing x rapid and safe relief of anxiety hyperventilation
Verdict 2518 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Paper-bag rebreathing raises carbon dioxide, but controlled symptom benefit was null and oxygen reduction creates misdiagnosis danger.
2519 · Donut-shaped cushion x pressure-injury prevention
Verdict 2519 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The donut arm had no injuries in this cardiac-surgery trial, but only three total events left prevention unproven.
252 · Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) x improvement in fatty liver and liver enzymes
Verdict 252 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 2 cited sources
There are liver-biochemistry data in cholestatic disease, but they do not directly establish improvement in fatty liver
2520 · Aspiration before vaccination x greater safety and less pain
Verdict 2520 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
The slow aspiration bundle caused more pain, but concurrent speed changes prevent isolating aspiration or proving safety benefit.
2521 · Fresh red-cell transfusion x lower 90-day mortality in critical illness
Verdict 2521 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Prioritizing fresher red cells did not reduce 90-day mortality in two large independent critical-care trials.
2522 · Subglottic secretion drainage x prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
Verdict 2522 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Subglottic secretion drainage reduced microbiologically confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia in two randomized trials.
2523 · Care-home staff influenza vaccination x lower resident mortality
Verdict 2523 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Staff vaccination programs pointed toward lower resident mortality, but the second trial's unadjusted primary analysis was not significant.
2524 · Active management of the third stage of labor x prevention of postpartum hemorrhage
Verdict 2524 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Bundled active management substantially reduced postpartum hemorrhage of at least 500 mL in two large trials.
2525 · Prophylactic systemic antibiotics x infection prevention after simple hand laceration
Verdict 2525 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Prophylactic antibiotics did not reduce infection after meticulously cleaned and sutured simple hand lacerations, but old trials were too imprecise to exclude benefit definitively.
2526 · PEG feeding tube x pressure-ulcer prevention and healing in advanced dementia
Verdict 2526 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
PEG feeding in advanced dementia did not prevent or improve pressure ulcers and retained adverse associations after adjustment, although residual confounding remains in nonrandomized data.
2527 · Home syrup of ipecac x emergency use and harm after childhood poisoning
Verdict 2527 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Centers with more home ipecac use did not have lower emergency use or fewer adverse outcomes, although a center-level observational comparison cannot establish individual causation.
2528 · The 10%-of-body-weight schoolbag limit x adolescent back-pain prevention
Verdict 2528 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Prospective studies found no consistent relationship between schoolbag load and new back pain, and no direct trial has shown that a 10% cutoff prevents pain.
2529 · Tap-water rinsing or storage of contact lenses x infection safety
Verdict 2529 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Rinsing, cleaning, or storing contact lenses in tap water was associated with severe keratitis and is not supported as safe.
253 · Dihydromyricetin (DHM) x hangover prevention and relief
Verdict 253 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Unlike Hovenia extract, purified DHM alone has no human hangover efficacy literature available for grading
2530 · Early enteral nutrition x mortality reduction in critical illness
Verdict 2530 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Early enteral nutrition did not reduce 28- to 30-day mortality compared with early parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults.
2531 · Taurolidine-heparin catheter lock x prevention of bloodstream infection in hemodialysis
Verdict 2531 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Taurolidine-based lock reduced infection in an independent trial, although its formulation differed from LOCK IT-100.
2532 · Lower platelet-transfusion threshold x reduced death or major bleeding in preterm neonates
Verdict 2532 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
In severely thrombocytopenic preterm neonates, a 25×10⁹/L transfusion threshold reduced death or major bleeding versus 50×10⁹/L.
2533 · Rifaximin chemoprophylaxis x prevention of travelers' diarrhea
Verdict 2533 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Rifaximin chemoprophylaxis reduced travelers' diarrhea in multiple regions, but geographic variation and antibiotic harms still matter.
2534 · Haloperidol x relief of delirium symptoms in palliative care
Verdict 2534 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Adding haloperidol for mild-to-moderate delirium in palliative care worsened rather than relieved the target symptoms.
2535 · Acetaminophen-diphenhydramine premedication x prevention of transfusion reactions
Verdict 2535 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Routine acetaminophen-diphenhydramine premedication did not reduce overall transfusion reactions in patients largely without prior reactions.
2536 · Hot-water immersion x jellyfish-sting pain relief
Verdict 2536 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Hot-water immersion greatly reduced bluebottle-sting pain, but the same benefit has not been established across jellyfish species.
2537 · Skin-care programme x prevention of hand dermatitis in nurses
Verdict 2537 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The moisturizer and education program favored prevention, but did not conclusively reduce hand dermatitis.
2538 · Ice-water sheet cooling x exertional heat stroke
Verdict 2538 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Ice-water sheets were associated with cooling and low mortality, but survival was not directly compared with cold-water immersion.
2539 · Pressure-equalizing earplugs x prevention of air-travel ear pain and barotrauma
Verdict 2539 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Pressure-regulating earplugs did not prevent descent ear pain or middle-ear barotrauma in the direct trial.
254 · Licorice glycyrrhizin x improvement in hepatitis and liver enzymes
Verdict 254 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 4 cited sources
A medical intravenous formulation lowers liver enzymes, but this is distinct from treating viral hepatitis or proving an effect from oral licorice
2540 · 2% hydrogen-peroxide cleansing x skin-graft take in chronic burns
Verdict 2540 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Graft-take area was higher after 2% peroxide cleansing, but evidence comes from one fixed-side comparison.
2541 · Single-dose antibiotic after operative vaginal birth x maternal infection
Verdict 2541 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
A single intravenous co-amoxiclav dose after operative vaginal birth reduced maternal infection in a large double-blind trial.
2542 · Early oral antibiotics for bone and joint infection x noninferior treatment failure
Verdict 2542 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Carefully selected oral antibiotics during the first six weeks were noninferior to intravenous therapy in OVIVA.
2543 · Prophylactic NIV after planned extubation x reintubation
Verdict 2543 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Immediate prophylactic NIV reduced seven-day reintubation after planned extubation in high-risk ICU patients.
2544 · Antibiotic-corticosteroid drops x acute tympanostomy-tube otorrhea
Verdict 2544 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Antibiotic-corticosteroid drops resolved uncomplicated acute tympanostomy-tube otorrhea faster in children.
2545 · LUCAS mechanical chest compression x survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Verdict 2545 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
LUCAS mechanical compression did not improve survival over manual CPR in two large randomized trials.
2546 · Vapocoolant spray x adult venipuncture pain
Verdict 2546 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
A brief vapocoolant spray immediately before adult venipuncture reduced immediate pain versus placebo.
2547 · Routine parenteral hydration at 1 L/day x dehydration symptoms in terminal cancer
Verdict 2547 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Routine 1-L/day hydration did not improve symptoms, quality of life, or survival in the larger multicenter terminal-cancer trial.
2548 · Handheld fan to the face x refractory breathlessness
Verdict 2548 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Five minutes of handheld-fan airflow to the face immediately relieved refractory breathlessness. Masking was impossible by design and was not counted as a flaw; the main limitation is that the trials enrolled only 50 and 40 participants.
2549 · Clean nonsterile gloves x infection after uncomplicated wound repair
Verdict 2549 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Fresh clean nonsterile gloves did not increase infection compared with sterile gloves during uncomplicated clean wound repair.
255 · Artemisia capillaris extract x liver detoxification and hangover improvement
Verdict 255 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
After excluding other Artemisia species and multi-herb formulas, no human efficacy literature for A. capillaris alone was identified
2550 · Water precautions after tympanostomy tubes x prevention of otorrhea
Verdict 2550 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
A third randomized trial also failed to confirm that routine earplugs or swimming restrictions prevent otorrhea after tympanostomy tubes.
2551 · Rezūm water-vapor therapy x improvement of BPH urinary symptoms
Verdict 2551 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Rezūm substantially improved three-month urinary symptoms versus sham; evidence comes from one trial, with manufacturer sponsorship documented in its follow-up report.
2552 · EMSCULPT NEO x abdominal fat reduction and rectus muscle thickening
Verdict 2552 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
EMSCULPT NEO produced large ultrasound fat and muscle changes, but evidence is surrogate, manufacturer-linked, and affected by reporting limitations.
2553 · Custom silicone toe separator x reduction of hallux valgus angle
Verdict 2553 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
A custom nighttime separator improved radiographic hallux valgus angle, but pain benefit and design certainty remain limited.
2554 · Widex Zen Therapy package x reduction of tinnitus handicap
Verdict 2554 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 2 cited sources
Tinnitus handicap improved after the Widex Zen package, but no control group permits estimation of its unique effect.
2555 · Universal nursing-home decolonization x fewer infection-related hospital transfers
Verdict 2555 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Universal chlorhexidine bathing plus nasal povidone-iodine reduced infection-related hospital transfers in nursing homes.
2556 · Individualised nutritional support x fewer 30-day clinical events in at-risk medical inpatients
Verdict 2556 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Individualised nutrition reduced 30-day clinical events in one publicly funded randomized trial of at-risk medical inpatients.
2557 · Personalised cooler dialysate x fewer cardiovascular deaths or hospitalizations
Verdict 2557 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Personalised cooler dialysate did not reduce four-year cardiovascular death or hospitalization in MyTEMP.
2558 · High-dose influenza vaccine x fewer respiratory hospitalizations in nursing-home residents
Verdict 2558 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
High-dose vaccine reduced pneumonia- or influenza-related hospitalization versus standard dose in one large nursing-home trial.
2559 · Frequent higher-dose mobilisation within 24 hours after stroke x better functional recovery
Verdict 2559 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Frequent higher-dose mobilisation within 24 hours reduced favorable three-month recovery in AVERT.
256 · Chanca piedra (Phyllanthus niruri) x liver protection and detoxification
Verdict 256 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
Core liver outcomes were null in direct RCTs, with only one secondary liver-stiffness surrogate remaining
2560 · Preoperative intravenous ferric carboxymaltose x fewer transfusions or deaths
Verdict 2560 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Preoperative ferric carboxymaltose did not reduce 30-day transfusion or death or transfusion episodes in PREVENTT.
2561 · HFNC immediately after planned extubation x 72-hour reintubation
Verdict 2561 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
HFNC immediately after planned extubation reduced 72-hour reintubation in low-risk adults.
2562 · Titrated oxygen during acute COPD transport x mortality
Verdict 2562 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Oxygen titration reduced mortality during suspected acute COPD transport, but differential protocol nonadherence and retrospective registration give C with 56 points.
2563 · Extended clinical-pharmacist transition intervention x 180-day readmission
Verdict 2563 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
An extended pharmacist intervention continuing through postdischarge coordination reduced 180-day all-cause readmission.
2564 · Two units of prehospital thawed plasma x trauma mortality
Verdict 2564 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Prehospital plasma improved survival during longer air transport but not during rapid urban ground transport.
2565 · Progressive inspiratory-muscle strength training x successful ventilator weaning
Verdict 2565 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
The 69-person tracheostomy trial found 71% versus 47% successful weaning, whereas larger double-blind IMweanT was null at 64% versus 76% (P=.43) with similar respiratory-strength gains of +15 versus +14 cmH2O; different populations, training methods, and success definitions prevent direct conflict.
2566 · Triclosan-coated sutures x reduced surgical-site infection
Verdict 2566 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Randomized FALCON and Ichida plus Sprowson's odd/even hospital-number quasi-randomized trial were null, but FALCON's intervals did not exclude meaningful benefit; the result is D rather than F.
2567 · Nike Vaporfly 4% x approximately 3.5-km running time
Verdict 2567 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Outdoor time improved by about 1.1%, but the reported effect size was only 0.09.
2568 · Provent nasal EPAP x reduced AHI in obstructive sleep apnea
Verdict 2568 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Provent lowered AHI in a manufacturer-funded trial, while an independent trial in another clinical setting was null.
2569 · HydraFacial Clarifying x improvement of mild-to-moderate acne
Verdict 2569 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Acne improved before versus after, but the procedure’s own comparative effect cannot be estimated without a concurrent control.
257 · Picrorhiza kurroa (kutki) extract x improvement in liver function and liver enzymes
Verdict 257 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 2 cited sources
An old 33-person acute-hepatitis trial provides a signal, but it has not been replicated in modern products or other liver diseases
2570 · 5% benzoyl peroxide wash x reduced shoulder C. acnes burden
Verdict 2570 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
C. acnes burden fell at some shoulder sites, but prevention of clinical surgical infection was not demonstrated.
2571 · New perioperative metoprolol initiation x safe cardiovascular-event prevention
Verdict 2571 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Myocardial infarction fell, but excess death and stroke prevent describing immediate perioperative initiation as safe prevention.
2572 · Routine enema during labour x maternal and neonatal infection prevention
Verdict 2572 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Routine enemas during labour have not been shown to reduce maternal or neonatal infection.
2573 · Starting neonatal resuscitation with 21% air x reduced death or hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Verdict 2573 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 5 cited sources
Starting with room air shows a mortality signal, but quasi-randomized and unmasked evidence limits confidence.
2574 · Chinstrap alone x improved snoring and obstructive sleep apnea
Verdict 2574 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
A chinstrap worn alone did not improve snoring or obstructive sleep apnea.
2575 · Double gloving during surgery x reduced inner-glove perforation and skin contamination
Verdict 2575 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Persistence of an inner barrier after outer-glove perforation was observed, but small direct comparisons did not establish a difference and actual blood-borne infection was not measured.
2576 · EMLA cream x hemodialysis arteriovenous-fistula cannulation pain
Verdict 2576 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
EMLA reduced cannulation pain more than lidocaine tape, but evidence is limited to one open trial.
2577 · Intradialytic cycling x physical health-related quality of life
Verdict 2577 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
The largest registered trial did not demonstrate improved physical health-related quality of life from intradialytic cycling.
2578 · Z-track intramuscular injection x medication leakage
Verdict 2578 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Z-track reduced skin-surface medication leakage but did not establish less tissue injury or failed absorption.
2579 · Trendelenburg position x circulation in hypovolemic shock
Verdict 2579 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Trendelenburg briefly raised blood pressure but did not improve cardiac output or tissue oxygen delivery.
258 · Sesamin (sesame lignan) x lipids and blood pressure, and fatty liver and liver enzymes
Verdict 258 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 5 cited sources
Sesamin-only lipid and blood-pressure surrogate signals exist, but direct fatty-liver and liver-enzyme evidence does not
2580 · Prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics x infection and death in necrotizing acute pancreatitis
Verdict 2580 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Prophylactic antibiotics were repeatedly null in three trials but did not precisely exclude substantial benefit.
2581 · Epinephrine x 30-day survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Verdict 2581 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Thirty-day survival increased slightly, but favorable neurologic survival did not.
2582 · Chlorhexidine-mupirocin decolonization x postdischarge MRSA infection
Verdict 2582 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Repeated decolonization reduced postdischarge MRSA infection, but the trial had substantial attrition.
2583 · Reengineered discharge x 30-day emergency visits and readmissions
Verdict 2583 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
The reengineered discharge bundle reduced combined 30-day emergency visits and readmissions, but evidence is from one hospital.
2584 · Prophylactic platelet transfusion x bleeding after CVC placement
Verdict 2584 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
No-transfusion noninferiority failed, and grade 2-to-4 bleeding was lower with prophylactic transfusion.
2585 · ClearGuard HD barrier cap x positive blood cultures
Verdict 2585 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Positive blood cultures decreased, but the endpoint was not direct clinical infection and evidence was manufacturer-only.
2586 · Smart pressure-sensing insoles x recurrent plantar diabetic foot ulcers
Verdict 2586 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Alerted participants had fewer ulcer events, but the small trial had major attrition
2587 · Universal postpartum nurse home visiting x infant emergency medical care
Verdict 2587 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Total infant emergency care fell, but predictable allocation and registration after trial start limit certainty
2588 · Silver-alloy urinary catheter x symptomatic urinary tract infection
Verdict 2588 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Silver-alloy coating did not reduce symptomatic UTI in the large CATHETER trial
2589 · Six-week sling immobilization x retear after rotator cuff repair
Verdict 2589 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Six weeks of strict sling immobilization did not reduce 12-month ultrasound retear
259 · Chrysanthemum flower (Chrysanthemum indicum) x eye-fatigue relief and vision protection
Verdict 259 · Evidence Grade ? · 1 cited sources
Kan 2020 used a different-species combination, and standalone human evidence for C. indicum is absent
2590 · Routine nasogastric decompression x pulmonary complications after hepatectomy
Verdict 2590 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Routine nasogastric decompression did not prevent pulmonary complications after hepatectomy and one trial reported more pneumonia
2591 · Systematic family-presence offer during CPR x relatives' PTSD-related symptoms
Verdict 2591 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Systematically offering supported family presence during CPR reduced relatives' PTSD-related symptoms
2592 · Ten-day below-knee cast x three-month function after severe ankle sprain
Verdict 2592 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
A 10-day cast modestly improved three-month function after severe ankle sprain, without lasting superiority
2593 · Long-term structured physical activity x major mobility disability in older adults
Verdict 2593 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
Long-term structured physical activity reduced major walking disability in mobility-limited older adults
2594 · Rapid screening plus mupirocin-chlorhexidine decolonization x hospital-associated S. aureus infection
Verdict 2594 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
Rapid screening followed by mupirocin-chlorhexidine decolonization reduced hospital-associated S. aureus infection
2595 · CBT-I for late-life insomnia x prevention of major depressive disorder
Verdict 2595 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
CBT-I reduced incident and recurrent major depression in older adults with insomnia, but important trial limitations remain
2596 · Sit-stand desk plus behavioral support x occupational sitting time
Verdict 2596 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
A sit-stand desk plus behavioral support reduced workplace sitting but did not establish disease prevention
2597 · TYRX antibacterial envelope x major CIED infection prevention
Verdict 2597 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
TYRX reduced major CIED infections, but the evidence is one manufacturer-funded confirmatory trial
2598 · Routine pelvic drainage x pelvic sepsis after rectal cancer surgery
Verdict 2598 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Routine pelvic drainage after rectal cancer surgery did not reduce 30-day pelvic sepsis
2599 · Routine gastric residual-volume monitoring x ventilator-associated pneumonia
Verdict 2599 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Routine gastric residual-volume monitoring did not prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia during early enteral feeding
260 · Perilla leaf extract x eye-fatigue relief
Verdict 260 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 2 cited sources
Short-term accommodation markers show a signal, but independent replication is insufficient
2600 · Early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation x mortality in adult ARDS
Verdict 2600 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Early HFOV did not reduce mortality in adult ARDS and significantly increased mortality in one large trial
2601 · Preoperative intensive inspiratory-muscle training x pulmonary complications after CABG
Verdict 2601 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Preoperative intensive inspiratory-muscle training reduced pulmonary complications and pneumonia in high-risk CABG patients
2602 · Dedicated orthogeriatric comprehensive care x mobility after hip fracture
Verdict 2602 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Dedicated comprehensive geriatric-ward care improved four-month mobility in selected older adults after hip fracture
2603 · Stroke early supported discharge and home rehabilitation x death or dependency
Verdict 2603 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
Coordinated multidisciplinary early supported discharge reduced death or dependency in selected stroke patients
2604 · Motorcycle helmet use x head injury and fatal injury in crashes
Verdict 2604 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Motorcycle helmet use was associated with substantially less head injury and fatal injury in crash cohorts
2605 · Workplace hearing-conservation programs x standard threshold shifts
Verdict 2605 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Observational evidence suggests hearing-conservation programs reduce audiometric standard threshold shifts, but lived hearing outcomes were not directly measured
2606 · Safety-engineered needle devices x occupational needlestick injuries
Verdict 2606 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Needlestick injuries fell after implementation, but training and secular change could not be separated
2607 · Preoperative carbohydrate drink x postoperative insulin resistance
Verdict 2607 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Postoperative insulin sensitivity was better preserved, but these were not trials of clinical recovery
2608 · Blue-enriched workplace lighting x alertness and sleep quality
Verdict 2608 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Alertness and sleep scores improved, but effects were small in one manufacturer-funded nonrandomized study
2609 · Catheter clamping before removal x voiding success and recatheterization
Verdict 2609 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Voiding success did not improve, while short-term clamping increased UTI and delayed first void
261 · Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis) x eye-fatigue relief and vision protection
Verdict 261 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Eyebright eye-drop research is not evidence for oral eye-fatigue or vision claims
2610 · Gradual SIMV reduction x shorter mechanical-ventilator weaning
Verdict 2610 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Gradual SIMV reduction was not faster than T-piece and was significantly slower in one trial
2611 · Group cognitive-behavioral prevention x new depressive episodes in high-risk adolescents
Verdict 2611 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
The early preventive effect was supported, but all four reports came from the same trial
2612 · 25-mm needle x local reactions after infant immunization
Verdict 2612 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
A 25-mm needle reduced local reactions, but the result does not prescribe one length for every age
2613 · Caseload midwifery continuity x caesarean birth in low-risk pregnancy
Verdict 2613 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Caesarean birth fell among low-risk women, but the result should not be transferred unchanged to other risk mixes
2614 · Mobile stroke unit x 90-day disability
Verdict 2614 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Functional outcomes improved, but this was not an individually randomized causal test of the mobile-unit system
2615 · Direct delivery of free school eyeglasses x mathematics scores
Verdict 2615 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Direct school delivery modestly improved mathematics scores, but the effect size was small
2616 · HP-HMB oral nutrition x reduced 90-day mortality in malnourished older inpatients
Verdict 2616 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
The prespecified primary composite failed, and only the secondary outcome of 90-day mortality was positive. The mortality signal came from one manufacturer-run trial.
2617 · Separated split keyboard x reduced wrist ulnar deviation during typing
Verdict 2617 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
A separated keyboard immediately reduced wrist angle, but long-term pain or disorder prevention was not tested.
2618 · Low-cost medication reminder devices x improved chronic-medication adherence
Verdict 2618 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Mailing a low-cost pillbox or reminder cap alone did not improve 12-month adherence.
2619 · Picaridin lotion plus insecticidal nets x reduced malaria infection
Verdict 2619 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Adding community-distributed picaridin lotion to insecticidal nets did not lower PCR-confirmed malaria infection in either year.
262 · Gardenia-derived crocetin x improvement of eye fatigue and accommodation
Verdict 262 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 2 cited sources
Short-term accommodation and eye-fatigue signals exist, but they come from one small manufacturer-linked trial
2620 · Rocker-sole footwear x improved chronic low-back-pain disability and pain
Verdict 2620 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Rocker-sole shoes did not improve chronic low-back-pain disability or pain more than flat athletic shoes.
2621 · High-dose online hemodiafiltration x reduced all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis
Verdict 2621 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Two large trials with different investigators and funders replicated lower mortality, but survival follow-up was incomplete for 355 of 906 ESHOL participants (39%) and survival was censored at discontinuation.
2622 · Restrictive red-cell transfusion x improved survival in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Verdict 2622 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
A 7 g/dL restrictive strategy improved survival and rebleeding in severe acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
2623 · Lying down in second-stage labor x increased spontaneous vaginal birth
Verdict 2623 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Lying down during second-stage labor increased spontaneous vaginal birth in nulliparous women with low-dose epidural analgesia.
2624 · Small-bites midline closure x reduced one-year incisional hernia
Verdict 2624 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Small-bites closure reduced one-year incisional hernia after elective midline laparotomy.
2625 · Skin-protection wheelchair cushions x prevention of ischial pressure ulcers
Verdict 2625 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Skin-protection wheelchair cushions reduced ischial pressure ulcers, but attrition and analysis limitations were substantial.
2626 · Hydrophilic intermittent catheter x fewer urinary tract infections after acute spinal cord injury
Verdict 2626 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
A symptomatic-UTI reduction signal exists in early acute spinal cord injury, but independent confirmation is limited.
2627 · Frozen gloves and socks x prevention of paclitaxel neuropathy
Verdict 2627 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
A small self-controlled trial found a large neuropathy-prevention effect, but there is no independent replication.
2628 · Early acute-phase rehabilitation x lower respiratory readmission and mortality
Verdict 2628 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Progressive rehabilitation started during acute admission did not reduce readmission and was associated with higher mortality.
2629 · Alcohol skin swabbing x prevention of insulin injection-site infection
Verdict 2629 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Human observation exists, but zero infections in both periods leaves the preventive effect unquantified.
263 · Fisetin x senolytic activity and healthspan extension
Verdict 263 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
A senescence-marker signal is distinct from extending human healthspan or lifespan
2630 · Intracranial stenting x fewer recurrent strokes in severe symptomatic stenosis
Verdict 2630 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Both trials had more stroke events with stenting, but investigator overlap prevents the strongest repeated-refutation grade.
2631 · PPSV23 x pneumonia prevention in nursing-home residents
Verdict 2631 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Pneumonia fell in one large double-blind nursing-home trial, but the same question lacks independent replication.
2632 · Single-dose doxycycline x prevention of erythema migrans after a tick bite
Verdict 2632 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Erythema migrans fell in one blinded trial, but this was not definitive prevention of all Lyme disease.
2633 · On-site nursing-home pneumonia pathway x fewer hospital admissions
Verdict 2633 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
A bundled on-site pathway for stable residents reduced admissions in one cluster trial.
2634 · School telemedicine plus observed controller therapy x lower childhood asthma morbidity
Verdict 2634 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
The bundled school program produced a small but real primary-endpoint difference in symptom-free days; fewer emergency visits or admissions were secondary.
2635 · Twice-daily moisturizer x prevention of skin tears in aged care
Verdict 2635 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Skin-tear incidence fell, but the positive trial's event-only analysis prevents a firm conclusion.
2636 · Shoe-mounted ice cleats x winter outdoor falls
Verdict 2636 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Outdoor falls fell substantially, but the evidence is one small unblinded trial of 109 people
2637 · Alcohol hand sanitizer use x travelers' diarrhea
Verdict 2637 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Travelers' diarrhea fell, but the evidence is a partly manufacturer-funded trial with substantial attrition and control contamination
2638 · Preoperative chlorhexidine whole-body washing x surgical-site infection
Verdict 2638 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Skin antisepsis is real, but fewer surgical-site infections were not reproduced and a modest benefit remains possible
2639 · Plain adhesive incise drapes x surgical-site infection
Verdict 2639 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 6 cited sources
The adhesive barrier is real, but infections did not fall and increased in the pooled analysis
264 · Ergothioneine x Antioxidant effects and healthy aging
Verdict 264 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Absorption and selected exploratory signals are documented, but antioxidant and healthy-aging effects in humans remain unconfirmed
2640 · Double voiding x prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection
Verdict 2640 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Residual-volume reduction is a surrogate and recurrent UTI is a clinical event; zero eligible direct comparisons were completed with reported results
2641 · Adjunctive azithromycin x maternal infection after nonelective cesarean delivery
Verdict 2641 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Maternal infection fell substantially after nonelective cesarean delivery, but an independent second confirmatory trial is lacking
2642 · School YAM programme x prevention of adolescent suicide attempts
Verdict 2642 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Reported suicide attempts fell at 12 months, but substantial exclusions and unblinded self-report remain
2643 · Half-strength apple juice and preferred fluids x treatment failure in mild pediatric gastroenteritis
Verdict 2643 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Treatment failure fell in minimally dehydrated children, but evidence comes from one noninferiority trial
2644 · Tissue adhesive x long-term cosmesis of simple low-tension lacerations
Verdict 2644 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Scar appearance was comparable in selected simple wounds, but long-term attrition is substantial and overall funding provenance was not verified
2645 · Calf tissue flossing x immediate ankle range and torque
Verdict 2645 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Immediate measurements changed slightly, but injury and performance benefits were not tested
2646 · Caffeine nap x fewer simulated driving incidents
Verdict 2646 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
The simulator finding was promising, but a 12-person study cannot establish real-crash prevention
2647 · Paper tape x prevention of hypertrophic cesarean scars
Verdict 2647 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
The contrast was large, but near-half attrition prevents confirmation
2648 · Desktop humidifier x tear-film stability during screen work
Verdict 2648 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
A short-term tear-film test improved, but durable dry-eye treatment was not established
2649 · i-gel-first airway x functional recovery after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Verdict 2649 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Initial ventilation improved, but 30-day functional recovery did not
265 · Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG) x Reduction in biological age and lifespan extension
Verdict 265 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Combination-product observational signals exist, but human efficacy results for Ca-AKG alone are absent, so the judgment is deferred
2650 · Occupational therapist home-hazard removal x prevention of a first fall
Verdict 2650 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Repeat-fall burden declined, but the hazard of a first fall did not
2651 · Financial rewards x increased sustained smoking abstinence
Verdict 2651 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
Success-contingent rewards increased sustained six-month abstinence by about 10 percentage points over usual support
2652 · Multimodal prehabilitation x fewer severe complications after colorectal cancer surgery
Verdict 2652 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Severe complications decreased, but the jointly promised functional-recovery outcome did not improve
2653 · Bar-code medication administration x fewer nontiming medication errors
Verdict 2653 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
The harm-predicting process surrogate of nontiming medication errors fell substantially after integrated bar-code eMAR implementation
2654 · Dense double-sock system x prevention of boot-related foot blisters
Verdict 2654 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
A specific dense outer sock and liner combination substantially reduced blisters during boot training
2655 · Cold cabbage leaves x short-term postpartum breast-engorgement relief
Verdict 2655 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Cold cabbage leaves reduced pain over several hours, but the design does not provide strong confirmation
2656 · Abdominal massage x short-term functional-constipation relief
Verdict 2656 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
A large four-week symptom difference was observed, but long-term independent replication is absent
2657 · Oral cryotherapy x severe mucositis during allogeneic HSCT
Verdict 2657 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Severe mucositis fell under one specific conditioning regimen, but evidence comes from one small trial
2658 · A 'reserved for you' influenza-vaccine text x same-day vaccination
Verdict 2658 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Texts modestly increased vaccination, but the reserved wording itself added no verified effect
2659 · Therapeutic silk garments x childhood eczema severity
Verdict 2659 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Specialist silk garments did not improve childhood eczema severity in a well-designed 300-child trial
266 · Pterostilbene x Antioxidant effects and healthspan extension
Verdict 266 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Direct antioxidant-biomarker benefit was not demonstrated, and human healthspan-extension data are absent
2660 · Ibuprofen plus acetaminophen x pain versus an opioid combination after third-molar extraction
Verdict 2660 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
The nonopioid combination slightly reduced pain for two days but did not establish large superiority
2661 · Acute heart failure risk stratification and rapid follow-up x death or cardiovascular hospitalization
Verdict 2661 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
A combined risk-stratification and rapid-follow-up pathway reduced 30-day death or cardiovascular hospitalization
2662 · Home remote patient management for heart failure x days lost to cardiovascular hospitalization or death
Verdict 2662 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
A physician-led 24-hour remote program reduced days lost to cardiovascular hospitalization or death
2663 · Early low-dose aspirin in nulliparous singleton pregnancy x prevention of preterm birth
Verdict 2663 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Aspirin 81 mg started early reduced preterm birth in low-resource nulliparous singleton pregnancies
2664 · Fracture liaison service x prevention of subsequent fragility fracture
Verdict 2664 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
A standardized FLS linking assessment, treatment, and fall prevention reduced subsequent fragility fractures
2665 · Intensive antenatal pelvic floor muscle training x primary prevention of urinary incontinence
Verdict 2665 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Intensive antenatal pelvic-floor training reduced urinary incontinence, but unmasked self-report leaves important uncertainty
2666 · Polysaccharide dry-mouth pastille x salivary flow and dry-mouth relief
Verdict 2666 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
The pastille increased salivation for ten minutes but did not establish durable xerostomia treatment
2667 · Home intravaginal neuromuscular electrostimulation x female urinary incontinence
Verdict 2667 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Symptoms improved, but the only trial stopped early and had substantial missing data
2668 · Textured sensory-stimulating insoles x balance in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Verdict 2668 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Only one of four conditions was nominally significant, so balance improvement cannot be judged in one direction and fall prevention was not tested
2669 · Far-infrared-emitting pajamas x sleep quality
Verdict 2669 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Far-infrared pajamas did not improve sleep quality beyond sham pajamas
267 · Holy basil (tulsi, Ocimum tenuiflorum) x Relief of stress and anxiety
Verdict 267 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
Short-term stress-reduction signals are repeated, but the evidence is concentrated in proprietary extracts from one manufacturer group
2670 · Static magnetic insoles x plantar heel pain
Verdict 2670 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Across two independent trials, insole groups improved but magnets added no pain relief
2671 · Post-MI prophylactic arrhythmia suppression x prevention of sudden death
Verdict 2671 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
CAST and SWORD showed harm with different drugs, populations, and primary outcomes and were not counted as repeat trials
2672 · Four-month androgen deprivation plus radiotherapy x localized prostate cancer survival
Verdict 2672 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Adding four months of androgen deprivation to radiotherapy improved ten-year survival and prostate-cancer mortality
2673 · E-MOTIVE early detection and treatment bundle x severe postpartum hemorrhage
Verdict 2673 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
E-MOTIVE combined early objective measurement with concurrent treatment and reduced severe postpartum hemorrhage, surgery, or death
2674 · Physiology-guided complete revascularization x clinical events after MI at age 75 or older
Verdict 2674 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Physiology-guided complete revascularization reduced one-year clinical events in older patients with MI, with benefit sustained at three years
2675 · Early goal-directed care bundle x functional recovery after acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Verdict 2675 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
An early goal-directed care bundle for acute intracerebral hemorrhage improved the six-month survival-disability distribution
2676 · Intranasal pollen filter x seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms
Verdict 2676 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Nasal symptoms improved during natural pollen exposure, but evidence remains one manufacturer-funded small trial
2677 · Abdominal breathing training x reduced gastroesophageal reflux
Verdict 2677 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Abdominal breathing showed an acid-exposure signal, but the very small trial did not report a recoverable between-group magnitude
2678 · Medicinal-plant antioxidant glasses x dry-eye symptoms
Verdict 2678 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Dry-eye symptoms improved at eight weeks, but evidence is one small retrospectively registered mixed-funded trial
2679 · 16:8 time-restricted eating x additional fatty-liver reduction at equal calories
Verdict 2679 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
At equal calorie restriction, a 16:8 eating window did not reduce liver fat more than ordinary daily calorie restriction
268 · Kava (Piper methysticum) x Relief of anxiety symptoms
Verdict 268 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 3 cited sources
A small anxiety-reduction effect is supported across double-blind trials, but later large studies were inconsistent
2680 · Once-daily tadalafil x natural erectile rehabilitation after prostatectomy
Verdict 2680 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Tadalafil helped erectile function during treatment but did not increase natural recovery after the drug was stopped
2681 · Single-dose typhoid conjugate vaccine x prevention of culture-confirmed typhoid over two years
Verdict 2681 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
A large Nepal trial found that one dose substantially reduced culture-confirmed typhoid over two years, but independent replication is absent
2682 · Active treatment of mild chronic hypertension in pregnancy x fewer major pregnancy complications
Verdict 2682 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Active treatment of mild chronic hypertension during pregnancy reduced a major maternal-fetal outcome composite
2683 · Bypass first for CLTI with adequate great saphenous vein x fewer limb events or deaths
Verdict 2683 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
In patients with an adequate single-segment great saphenous vein, bypass first reduced major limb events or death
2684 · Repeated PSA screening x lower prostate-cancer mortality
Verdict 2684 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Repeated PSA screening in ERSPC reduced prostate-cancer mortality over 13 years while increasing diagnoses
2685 · Daily low-dose antibiotics during self-catheterisation x fewer recurrent UTIs
Verdict 2685 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Daily low-dose antibiotics reduced treated symptomatic UTIs in adults using self-catheterisation but increased antimicrobial resistance
2686 · Portion-control plate x weight loss in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 2686 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
The portion-control plate produced slightly greater six-month weight loss, but the evidence is one small trial
2687 · Facial massage roller x skin blood flow and vascular reactivity
Verdict 2687 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
The roller changed local vascular responses, but the study did not establish cosmetic benefit
2688 · Swedish massage x cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors
Verdict 2688 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Weekly Swedish massage substantially reduced cancer-related fatigue, but the evidence remains one tiny early-phase trial
2689 · Mite-impermeable bedding covers x adult asthma control
Verdict 2689 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
The covers reduced mite allergen but did not improve adult-asthma lung function or medication withdrawal
269 · L-lysine x Relief of stress and anxiety
Verdict 269 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
Signals exist for deficiency correction and combination amino acids, but the effect of L-lysine alone in the general population remains unconfirmed
2690 · Foot reflexology x menopausal anxiety and depressive symptoms
Verdict 2690 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Foot reflexology did not improve menopausal anxiety or depression beyond ordinary foot massage
2691 · Exercise plus nutrition x mobility disability in frail older adults
Verdict 2691 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
A sustained exercise and personalized nutrition program reduced mobility disability in frail older adults
2692 · Guided web CBT self-help x prevention of major depressive disorder
Verdict 2692 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Therapist-guided web self-help reduced onset of major depressive disorder in adults with subthreshold depression
2693 · Long-term add-on azithromycin x fewer exacerbations in uncontrolled asthma
Verdict 2693 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Long-term add-on azithromycin reduced asthma exacerbations in adults uncontrolled on inhaled maintenance therapy
2694 · Two-dose TAK-003 x prevention of symptomatic dengue
Verdict 2694 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Two doses of TAK-003 reduced symptomatic confirmed dengue in children aged 4-16 living in endemic regions
2695 · Six-month AFP plus ultrasound surveillance x HCC mortality
Verdict 2695 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Six-month AFP plus liver ultrasound reduced HCC mortality in one Chinese trial with important design-reporting limitations
2696 · Lutein-zeaxanthin botanical formula x digital eye fatigue
Verdict 2696 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Digital eye fatigue improved, but the evidence is one completer analysis with substantial attrition
2697 · Nutrafol Women x growth of thinning hair
Verdict 2697 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Nutrafol increased hair counts, but the evidence is one 40-person trial fully funded by the manufacturer
2698 · Okra-inulin IQP-AE-103 x weight loss
Verdict 2698 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
The okra-inulin formula produced greater 12-week weight loss, but evidence is one small manufacturer-funded trial
2699 · Breathe Right nasal strips x sleep quality with nocturnal congestion
Verdict 2699 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Breathe Right did not improve the primary sleep outcomes in two related trials
270 · Kanna extract (Sceletium tortuosum) x Relief of stress and anxiety
Verdict 270 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 4 cited sources
Small acute experiments showed signals, but pooled anxiety outcomes did not differ from placebo
2700 · Comfrey root extract ointment x acute back pain
Verdict 2700 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Comfrey root extract ointment reduced acute back pain, but evidence is one manufacturer-sponsored trial
2701 · Biological mesh reinforcement x prevention of incisional hernia after stoma closure
Verdict 2701 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Biological-mesh reinforcement reduced two-year clinical hernia, but evidence is one trial with substantial missingness
2702 · 33°C targeted temperature management x favorable neurologic survival after nonshockable cardiac arrest
Verdict 2702 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Targeting 33°C increased favorable neurologic survival at day 90, but evidence is one borderline trial
2703 · Laparoscopic parenchyma-sparing liver resection x fewer 30-day complications in colorectal liver metastases
Verdict 2703 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Laparoscopic parenchyma-sparing liver resection reduced major 30-day complications, but evidence comes from one single-center trial
2704 · Hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy x fewer major complications in esophageal cancer
Verdict 2704 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Hybrid esophagectomy substantially reduced major complications, but exact-procedure randomized evidence comes from one trial
2705 · 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel-guided prescribing x prevention of adverse drug reactions
Verdict 2705 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Twelve-gene-guided prescribing reduced adverse reactions, but open assessment and period-specific case-mix limit confidence
2706 · Transdermal iron patch x increased iron stores in athletes
Verdict 2706 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
The iron patch did not raise iron stores as effectively as oral iron in the only human comparison
2707 · CPC-essential-oil mouth rinse x plaque re-accumulation
Verdict 2707 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Plaque fell, but gingival outcomes did not improve and 32% of randomized participants were excluded from analysis
2708 · Soft denture liner x mandibular ridge resorption
Verdict 2708 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Soft liner reduced radiographic ridge resorption in 28 participants, but patient function was not measured
2709 · Genomic-metabolomic personalized diet x fat-mass reduction
Verdict 2709 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Genomic-metabolomic personalization did not reduce fat mass more than a generic healthy diet
271 · Activated charcoal capsules x systemic toxin removal and detoxification
Verdict 271 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Evidence for acute gastrointestinal adsorption is distinct from claims of routine systemic detoxification in healthy people
2710 · Smart home medication dispenser x medication adherence
Verdict 2710 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
The dispenser increased recorded adherence, but actual ingestion and health outcomes were not established
2711 · Rituximab plus short prednisone x off-therapy remission in pemphigus
Verdict 2711 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Rituximab plus short-course prednisone markedly increased 24-month off-therapy remission in one 90-person trial
2712 · Hall Technique crown x major failure in carious primary molars
Verdict 2712 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
The Hall Technique substantially reduced major failure in a 132-child split-mouth trial
2713 · Oral calcium plus vitamin D x symptomatic hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy
Verdict 2713 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Calcium plus active vitamin D substantially reduced symptomatic hypocalcemia after high-risk thyroid surgery
2714 · Low-dose amitriptyline x refractory irritable bowel syndrome
Verdict 2714 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Low-dose amitriptyline statistically improved refractory IBS symptoms, but the average between-group effect fell short of the prespecified minimum clinically important difference
2715 · Emicizumab prophylaxis x bleeding in hemophilia A with inhibitors
Verdict 2715 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Emicizumab markedly reduced treated bleeding in hemophilia A with inhibitors, but the evidence came from a small manufacturer-run trial
2716 · Weekly tocilizumab plus a 26-week steroid taper x sustained remission in giant-cell arteritis
Verdict 2716 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Tocilizumab substantially improved sustained remission and reduced steroid exposure, but the evidence is one Roche-funded trial
2717 · Apremilast x oral ulcers in Behcet syndrome
Verdict 2717 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Apremilast reduced Behcet oral-ulcer burden by more than the moderate threshold, but exclusive Celgene funding limits the grade
2718 · Intravenous immune globulin 2 g/kg x functional improvement in adult dermatomyositis
Verdict 2718 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
IVIG increased minimal clinical-improvement response in adult dermatomyositis, but evidence is one 95-person manufacturer trial
2719 · Retrievable inferior vena cava filter added to anticoagulation x recurrent severe acute pulmonary embolism
Verdict 2719 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Adding a retrievable filter did not reduce recurrence in anticoagulatable acute pulmonary embolism
272 · Chlorophyllin x body-odor reduction and detoxification
Verdict 272 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
Signals in a specific aflatoxin biomarker and a rare odor disorder are distinct from evidence for ordinary body odor or systemic detoxification
2720 · Gabapentin x chronic pelvic pain in women without obvious pathology
Verdict 2720 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Gabapentin did not reduce unexplained chronic pelvic pain in women and caused more serious adverse events
2721 · Endoscopic sinus surgery x symptom improvement in medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis
Verdict 2721 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
Surgery substantially improved six-month symptoms, with the limitation of an unblinded patient-reported surgical comparison
2722 · Early oral antibiotic switch x stable left-sided infective endocarditis
Verdict 2722 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
In carefully selected stable patients, oral switching preserved effectiveness while reducing hospital burden
2723 · Hip arthroscopy x femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Verdict 2723 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
The mean surgical advantage was present, but it was not certain to exceed the clinical threshold
2724 · Restrictive red-cell transfusion x major outcomes after cardiac surgery
Verdict 2724 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Restrictive transfusion reduced exposure while keeping major events within the accepted margin
2725 · Lanadelumab x prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks
Verdict 2725 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Attack-rate reductions were large over 26 weeks, but the evidence depends on one small manufacturer trial
2726 · Eltrombopag x chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Verdict 2726 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Eltrombopag improved platelet-count response and bleeding, but the primary outcome was a laboratory measure
2727 · Platelet transfusion x antiplatelet-associated spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Verdict 2727 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Routine platelet transfusion worsened death-or-dependence outcomes after antiplatelet-associated spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
2728 · Perioperative aspirin x vascular complications after noncardiac surgery
Verdict 2728 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Routine perioperative aspirin did not reduce death or myocardial infarction and increased major bleeding
2729 · Vosoritide x growth velocity in pediatric achondroplasia
Verdict 2729 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Vosoritide increased 52-week growth velocity but did not establish adult height, function, or complication outcomes
273 · Cilantro leaf extract x heavy-metal elimination and detoxification
Verdict 273 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 3 cited sources
The controlled human lead trial was negative, and other heavy-metal claims lack human evidence
2730 · Caplacizumab x acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Verdict 2730 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Caplacizumab improved platelet response and a secondary clinical composite but increased serious bleeding
2731 · Low oxygen-saturation target (85–89%) x safety and benefit in extremely preterm infants
Verdict 2731 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 3 cited sources
The low oxygen target reduced retinopathy but mortality harm was replicated in two independent trials
2732 · Early low-dose hydrocortisone x BPD-free survival in extremely preterm infants
Verdict 2732 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Early low-dose hydrocortisone improved BPD-free survival but showed a sepsis signal in the most immature subgroup
2733 · Antenatal dexamethasone x mortality reduction after early preterm birth in low-resource hospitals
Verdict 2733 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Antenatal dexamethasone reduced neonatal mortality in low-resource hospitals with adequate care conditions
2734 · L. plantarum ATCC 202195 plus FOS x sepsis or death in rural newborns
Verdict 2734 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
A specific ATCC 202195-plus-FOS combination reduced sepsis in healthy, relatively mature newborns
2735 · Etelcalcetide x PTH response in hemodialysis secondary hyperparathyroidism
Verdict 2735 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Etelcalcetide improved PTH response versus cinacalcet but did not establish clinical-event benefit
2736 · Filtered sunlight phototherapy x neonatal jaundice
Verdict 2736 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Filtered sunlight was noninferior by treatment-day efficacy, but high temperature was more common
2737 · Single-dose dexamethasone x surgical-site infection after noncardiac surgery
Verdict 2737 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Surgical-site infection was not increased beyond the margin and nausea and vomiting decreased, but hyperglycemia and a long-term pain signal occurred
2738 · Early complex occupational add-on x low-back-pain sick leave in manual workers
Verdict 2738 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The early complex occupational add-on did not reduce sick leave over enhanced usual care
2739 · Emergency-department REBOA add-on x survival after exsanguinating trauma
Verdict 2739 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Adding REBOA did not improve 90-day survival and was unfavorable for early mortality and hemorrhage-control delay
274 · Modified citrus pectin x heavy-metal elimination and detoxification
Verdict 274 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Early changes in metal-excretion values are distinct from reduced body burden or health harm
2740 · High-dose methylprednisolone taper x caloric-test recovery after acute vestibular neuritis
Verdict 2740 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
High-dose methylprednisolone improved vestibular-test recovery but did not measure symptom benefit
2741 · Horse ATG x 6-month hematologic response in severe aplastic anemia
Verdict 2741 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Horse ATG improved hematologic response and a separate survival outcome versus rabbit ATG, but evidence comes from one small active-control trial
2742 · Skin-care education and counselling x hand-eczema severity in healthcare workers
Verdict 2742 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Education and individualized counselling reduced hand-eczema severity but fell slightly short of the prespecified 4-point difference
2743 · Four-month rifapentine–moxifloxacin x shortened treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis
Verdict 2743 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
The four-month rifapentine–moxifloxacin regimen was two months shorter and noninferior to standard six-month treatment
2744 · Plasma-Lyte 148 x delayed graft function after deceased-donor kidney transplantation
Verdict 2744 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Plasma-Lyte 148 reduced dialysis within 7 days after deceased-donor kidney transplantation by about 10 percentage points
2745 · Etranacogene dezaparvovec x annualized bleeding rate in hemophilia B
Verdict 2745 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Annualized bleeding fell by 2.68 bleeds per person-year after gene therapy, but evidence comes from one 54-person self-controlled manufacturer study
2746 · Modified-release hydrocortisone x weight and metabolism in adrenal insufficiency
Verdict 2746 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Weight improved, but the evidence is one small active-control trial
2747 · Hands4U x prevention of hand eczema in healthcare workers
Verdict 2747 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Preventive behavior improved, but self-reported eczema did not decline
2748 · Parathyroidectomy x death and major disease in mild primary hyperparathyroidism
Verdict 2748 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Ten-year prevention of death and major disease was not demonstrated in mild disease
2749 · Novaloc x satisfaction with single-implant mandibular overdentures
Verdict 2749 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Short-term satisfaction improved, but the trial stopped with only 10 completers
275 · Stinging nettle root extract x improvement of urinary symptoms from benign prostatic hyperplasia
Verdict 275 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 3 cited sources
Urinary symptom scores show an improvement signal, but the latest review rates certainty as very low
2750 · Oral sodium fluoride x hearing loss from otosclerosis
Verdict 2750 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
A hearing-preservation signal comes from one flawed 1985 trial
2751 · Beta-lactam monotherapy strategy x 90-day mortality in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia
Verdict 2751 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
A large trial found mortality noninferiority, but it remains one active-control noninferiority study
2752 · Hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone x 90-day mortality in septic shock
Verdict 2752 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Ninety-day mortality decreased, but the exact combination lacks independent replication
2753 · Early multidomain rehabilitation x physical function after acute heart-failure hospitalization
Verdict 2753 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Physical function improved, but rehospitalization did not and 16.3% lacked three-month data
2754 · Intravenous pantoprazole x upper gastrointestinal bleeding during invasive ventilation
Verdict 2754 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Bleeding decreased, mortality did not, and evidence is one modified-intention-to-treat trial
2755 · Palopegteriparatide x independence from conventional therapy in chronic hypoparathyroidism
Verdict 2755 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Independence from conventional therapy improved markedly, but evidence is one small manufacturer surrogate trial
2756 · Sucrose octasulfate dressing x complete closure of neuroischaemic diabetic foot ulcers
Verdict 2756 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Complete closure improved, but independent replication beyond the manufacturer-funded trial is needed
2757 · Sustained-inflation resuscitation x bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death in extremely preterm infants
Verdict 2757 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death did not improve, and increased early death stopped the trial
2758 · Negative-pressure wound therapy x healing of open surgical wounds by secondary intention
Verdict 2758 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Negative-pressure therapy did not significantly shorten complete epithelialization of open surgical wounds
2759 · Osilodrostat x urinary free cortisol normalization in Cushing's disease
Verdict 2759 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Urinary free cortisol control persisted, but long-term patient-centered benefit requires separate evidence
276 · Rye grass pollen extract (Cernilton) x improvement of urinary symptoms from benign prostatic hyperplasia
Verdict 276 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Self-rated symptom and nocturia signals exist, but objective measures and long-term outcomes are unsupported
2760 · Mucograft xenogeneic collagen matrix x root coverage of multiple gingival recessions
Verdict 2760 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
Root-coverage noninferiority versus autologous connective tissue failed, although surgery and recovery were shorter
2761 · Twenty-four-hour lying-flat head position x 90-day disability after acute stroke
Verdict 2761 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Twenty-four-hour lying-flat positioning did not improve 90-day disability, death, or pneumonia
2762 · Nitrous oxide x no increase in major cardiovascular events but more severe nausea and vomiting
Verdict 2762 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Nitrous oxide did not change 30-day major complications but increased severe nausea and vomiting
2763 · Restrictive fluid therapy × disability and complications after major abdominal surgery
Verdict 2763 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 3 cited sources
Both the null primary outcome and prespecified renal harm were incorporated.
2764 · Fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing ward protocol × acute stroke
Verdict 2764 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
The effect belongs to the full ward bundle, not to any component in isolation.
2765 · Luspatercept × transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia
Verdict 2765 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
This treats the anemia's transfusion requirement, a different question from chelation of iron overload.
2766 · Romiplostim x avoidance of splenectomy in nonsplenectomized immune thrombocytopenia
Verdict 2766 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Splenectomy fell substantially, but the evidence is one manufacturer-run trial
2767 · Early tracheostomy x 30-day mortality in patients expected to need prolonged ventilation
Verdict 2767 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Early tracheostomy did not improve survival, and waiting spared many procedures
2768 · Energy-dense enteral nutrition x 90-day mortality in mechanically ventilated critical illness
Verdict 2768 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Calorie delivery increased, but 90-day survival did not improve
2769 · Deferiprone x iron overload in pediatric transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathy
Verdict 2769 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Deferiprone was noninferior to deferasirox on 12-month iron-burden surrogates
277 · Fadogia agrestis x increased testosterone and male vitality
Verdict 277 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Human efficacy trials are absent, so testosterone and vitality effects cannot be judged
2770 · Enamel matrix derivative x bone level after regenerative peri-implantitis surgery
Verdict 2770 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The bone-level signal appeared only in exploratory modeling, while the prespecified comparison failed
2771 · MRI-selected alteplase x functional independence after stroke of unknown onset
Verdict 2771 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
MRI-selected alteplase increased functional independence after ischemic stroke of unknown onset
2772 · Withholding first-week parenteral nutrition x infection and PICU dependency in critically ill children
Verdict 2772 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Withholding supplemental parenteral nutrition during the first week reduced infection and PICU dependency
2773 · 26 Gy in five fractions x noninferior recurrence control after early breast cancer surgery
Verdict 2773 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
A one-week 26-Gy schedule was noninferior to the three-week 40-Gy schedule for five-year local recurrence control
2774 · Endovascular thrombectomy x 90-day function after large-infarct large-vessel stroke
Verdict 2774 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Thrombectomy improved 90-day function after anterior-circulation large-vessel stroke with an established large infarct
2775 · Mitapivat x hemoglobin response in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia
Verdict 2775 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Mitapivat markedly increased the 24-week hemoglobin response in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia
2776 · Fostamatinib x stable platelet response in persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Verdict 2776 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
The pooled platelet response was positive, but the second trial alone and bleeding outcomes were not definitive
2777 · Olezarsen 80 mg x triglyceride reduction in familial chylomicronemia syndrome
Verdict 2777 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Triglyceride reduction was established, but the pancreatitis signal followed a broken testing hierarchy
2778 · Hydroxyurea and phlebotomy switch x secondary stroke and iron overload in sickle cell anemia
Verdict 2778 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
The switch strategy did not reduce iron more, and recurrent stroke occurred only in the switch arm
2779 · Prophylactic wisdom-tooth extraction x late lower-incisor crowding after orthodontics
Verdict 2779 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Prophylactic extraction did not reduce late lower-incisor crowding, and attrition was extensive
278 · Damiana (Turnera diffusa) x improved libido and sexual function
Verdict 278 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Damiana-only human trials are absent, so libido and sexual-function effects cannot be judged
2780 · 3D-printed D-NAM x maxillary morphology in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Verdict 2780 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Anterior cleft width improved substantially, but some measures were null and long-term clinical outcomes were not tested
2781 · Physical therapy vs intra-articular glucocorticoid injection x knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 2781 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Physical therapy improved one-year pain and function versus injection, but evidence comes from one small open-treatment trial
2782 · Home blood-pressure self-monitoring and self-titration x high-risk hypertension
Verdict 2782 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Home monitoring plus prespecified self-titration lowered blood pressure, but the result is a surrogate endpoint
2783 · Mobile integrated care pathway x atrial fibrillation
Verdict 2783 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
Mobile-supported ABC integrated care reduced the composite outcome, driven mainly by fewer rehospitalizations
2784 · Community pharmacist prescribing and follow-up x uncontrolled hypertension
Verdict 2784 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Community pharmacist prescribing and follow-up substantially lowered blood pressure, a surrogate endpoint
2785 · Plinabulin vs pegfilgrastim x docetaxel-induced severe neutropenia
Verdict 2785 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Plinabulin met boundary-line noninferiority to pegfilgrastim but did not show superiority
2786 · Delayed sodium thiosulfate x pediatric cisplatin-induced hearing loss
Verdict 2786 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Two pediatric phase 3 trials substantially reduced hearing loss, but disseminated disease carries a survival concern
2787 · Dental recall interval x adult oral health
Verdict 2787 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Recall intervals produced similar four-year outcomes, but substantial missingness prevents firm equivalence
2788 · Initial trophic versus full enteral feeding x acute lung injury
Verdict 2788 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Six days of trophic feeding did not improve ventilator-free days or survival over full feeding
2789 · Self-assembling peptide P11-4 x early occlusal caries
Verdict 2789 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Early-caries test measures improved substantially in a small manufacturer-involved completer trial
279 · D-ribose x improved fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia
Verdict 279 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
Open-label studies show a fatigue signal, but placebo-controlled confirmation is absent
2790 · Dual-strain L. reuteri lozenges x residual periodontal pockets
Verdict 2790 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 1 cited sources
Endpoint levels and deep pockets favored probiotics, but the overall incremental change was only 0.09 mm
2791 · Benefit of Reduced-Dose Glucocorticoids for Death or Dialysis in Severe ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Verdict 2791 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Reduced dosing was noninferior for death or end-stage kidney disease and produced fewer serious infections in the first year
2792 · Benefit of Aspirin for Noninferior Mortality After Fracture Thromboprophylaxis
Verdict 2792 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Aspirin was noninferior for 90-day mortality after fracture, but deep-vein thrombosis was more frequent
2793 · Benefit of Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Noninferior 5-Year Survival in Stage I Gastric Cancer
Verdict 2793 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy produced noninferior five-year survival in clinical stage I gastric cancer when performed by experienced surgeons
2794 · Benefit of Belimumab for Disease-Activity Response in Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, a Surrogate Outcome
Verdict 2794 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Belimumab increased a week-52 composite disease-activity response but did not directly measure hard clinical benefit
2795 · Benefit of Roxadustat for Noninferior Hemoglobin in Dialysis-Dependent Kidney Anemia, a Surrogate Outcome
Verdict 2795 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Hemoglobin was noninferior to epoetin alfa, but there was a thrombotic signal
2796 · Benefit of Resin Infiltration for Radiographic Progression of Non-Cavitated Proximal Caries, a Surrogate Outcome
Verdict 2796 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
One-year radiographic progression decreased, but the evidence is a small surrogate-outcome trial
2797 · No Benefit of Preconception Levothyroxine for Live Birth in Euthyroid Women with Thyroid Antibodies
Verdict 2797 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
Preconception levothyroxine did not improve live birth in euthyroid antibody-positive women
2798 · No Benefit of Adjunctive High-Dose Epoetin Alfa for Death or Neurodevelopmental Disability in Neonatal HIE
Verdict 2798 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Adding high-dose epoetin alfa to therapeutic hypothermia did not reduce death or neurodevelopmental disability
2799 · Benefit of Flexible Duty-Hour Rules for Surgical Residents on Noninferior Postoperative Death or Serious Complications
Verdict 2799 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Flexible rules were noninferior for major 30-day patient outcomes in US surgical training programs
280 · NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride) x improved chronic fatigue
Verdict 280 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Monotherapy results conflict, and combination trials cannot isolate the effect of NADH
2800 · No Benefit of Switching to Chlorthalidone for Major Cardiovascular Events or Noncancer Death versus Hydrochlorothiazide
Verdict 2800 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Switching from HCTZ to chlorthalidone did not reduce major cardiovascular events or noncancer death
2801 · Direct mailing of HPV self-sampling kits × increased six-month cervical screening completion among overdue or non-attending adults
Verdict 2801 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Direct mailing increased six-month screening completion in two countries but did not directly measure cancer prevention
2802 · Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis - Benefit
Verdict 2802 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Single high-dose AmBisome combination induction was noninferior to standard therapy for 10-week mortality
2803 · Shorter Treatment for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in African and Indian Children - Benefit
Verdict 2803 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
Four months of standard treatment was noninferior to six months in children with nonsevere drug-susceptible tuberculosis
2804 · Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy vs No Axillary Surgery in Patients With Small Breast Cancer and Negative Axillary Ultrasonography: The SOUND Randomized Clinical Trial - Benefit
Verdict 2804 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Omitting sentinel node biopsy was noninferior for five-year distant disease-free survival in selected small breast cancers with negative axillary ultrasonography
2805 · Weekly Somapacitan Is Effective in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency: The REAL4 Trial - Benefit
Verdict 2805 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Weekly somapacitan was noninferior for 52-week growth velocity but the trial did not directly measure final adult height
2806 · Continuous Pralidoxime Infusion Versus Repeated Bolus Injection for Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning - Benefit
Verdict 2806 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 1 cited sources
Intubation and ventilation were markedly reduced, but evidence comes from one open single-center trial
2807 · Practical Cooling Interventions for Preventing Heat Strain in Indoor Factory Workers in Thailand - Benefit
Verdict 2807 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Core temperature and heart rate fell, but the evidence is a 12-person 3-day physiology study rather than heat-illness events
2808 · The Effect of Chelation Therapy With Succimer on Neuropsychological Development in Children Exposed to Lead - Null
Verdict 2808 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Succimer temporarily lowered blood lead but did not improve children's cognition, behavior, or neuropsychological development
2809 · Multiple-Dose Activated Charcoal in Acute Self-Poisoning: A Randomised Controlled Trial - Null
Verdict 2809 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Routine multiple-dose charcoal did not improve mortality in a large trial, but the interval retained some potential benefit
281 · Royal jelly x fatigue recovery and increased vitality
Verdict 281 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
Fatigue results are mixed, and the vitality and endurance signal comes from one small trial
2810 · Five additional days of beta-lactam after clinical stability x no clinically important added cure benefit in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia
Verdict 2810 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Five extra days after clinical stability repeatedly failed to add cure benefit, but one trial's interval touched its prespecified margin
2811 · Lower Treatment Threshold for Neonatal Hypoglycemia Was Noninferior for Development
Verdict 2811 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
The 36 mg/dL threshold was noninferior for 18-month Bayley development within a narrow neonatal population
2812 · Short-Term vs Conventional Glucocorticoid Therapy in Acute Exacerbations of COPD - Benefit
Verdict 2812 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
In predominantly hospitalized acute COPD exacerbation, five days of prednisone was noninferior to 14 days for six-month re-exacerbation
2813 · Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery Versus Phacoemulsification - Benefit
Verdict 2813 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Laser-assisted surgery was noninferior but did not improve three-month uncorrected distance vision over phacoemulsification
2814 · Luspatercept versus Epoetin Alfa in Lower-Risk MDS - Benefit
Verdict 2814 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Luspatercept markedly improved the transfusion-independence plus hemoglobin composite in lower-risk MDS, but evidence remains developer-only
2815 · Efficacy of Wolbachia-Infected Mosquito Deployments for the Control of Dengue - Benefit
Verdict 2815 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
In Yogyakarta, wMel deployment reduced symptomatic virologically confirmed dengue by an observed 7.1 percentage points
2816 · Fitusiran Prophylaxis in Severe Haemophilia A or B - Benefit
Verdict 2816 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Fitusiran markedly reduced bleeding versus on-demand treatment, but evidence is one small manufacturer-funded trial
2817 · Rituximab as Second-Line Treatment for Adult ITP - Null
Verdict 2817 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Rituximab did not significantly reduce treatment failure, but the trial did not exclude substantial benefit
2818 · Total Hip Arthroplasty or Hemiarthroplasty for Hip Fracture - Null
Verdict 2818 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Total arthroplasty did not reduce two-year reoperation, with contrasting secondary function and dislocation findings
2819 · Expectant Management versus Early Ibuprofen for Extremely Preterm PDA - Benefit
Verdict 2819 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Expectant management was not worse than early ibuprofen on the clinical composite, supporting de-escalation
282 · Deer velvet antler x improved physical performance and exercise recovery
Verdict 282 · Evidence Grade F · 15 · 3 cited sources
Controlled trials have not consistently shown benefits for physical performance or exercise recovery
2820 · Immediate versus Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery - Benefit
Verdict 2820 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Immediate bilateral surgery was noninferior for refractive targeting and reduced societal cost, but rare bilateral harm remains unresolved
2821 · Insulin Degludec for Major Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes - Benefit
Verdict 2821 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Degludec was not worse than glargine U100 for cardiovascular events and caused fewer severe hypoglycemic events
2822 · Five-Day High-Frequency Penicillin V for Streptococcal Pharyngotonsillitis Clinical Cure - Benefit
Verdict 2822 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Five high-frequency days were noninferior for clinical cure but produced lower bacterial eradication
2823 · MiniMed 670G Hybrid Closed-Loop for Time in Range in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes - Benefit
Verdict 2823 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
MiniMed 670G improved TIR versus fingerstick-based manual therapy but did not establish fewer clinical complications
2824 · Inebilizumab for Adjudicated Relapse in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder - Benefit
Verdict 2824 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Inebilizumab substantially reduced adjudicated NMOSD relapse, but sponsor control, early stopping, and seronegative uncertainty remain
2825 · Single Blastocyst-Stage Transfer Benefits Cumulative Live Birth After up to Three Transfers in Good-Prognosis IVF Women Versus Cleavage-Stage Transfer
Verdict 2825 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Single blastocyst transfer increased cumulative live birth through three transfers, with fewer frozen embryos and some perinatal safety signals
2826 · Cinacalcet Benefits Serum Calcium Normalization in Primary Hyperparathyroidism When Surgery Is Not Possible
Verdict 2826 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Serum calcium normalized, but the trial did not establish fewer fractures or kidney stones
2827 · Hydroxychloroquine Is Ineffective for Dryness, Fatigue, and Pain in Primary Sjögren Syndrome: JOQUER
Verdict 2827 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 1 cited sources
The 24-week symptom response matched placebo, but the small trial did not exclude important benefit
2828 · Oral Prednisolone Is Ineffective for Hearing Recovery in Children With Persistent Otitis Media With Effusion: OSTRICH
Verdict 2828 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Seven days of prednisolone did not significantly improve hearing at five weeks
2829 · Seven-Day Intravenous Antibiotics Benefit Clinically Remitted Culture-Proven Neonatal Sepsis by Being Noninferior to Fourteen Days for 21-Day Relapse
Verdict 2829 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
In selected neonates with sustained clinical remission, seven days was noninferior to 14 days for 21-day relapse
283 · Siberian rhubarb extract (ERr 731) x relief of menopausal hot flashes and symptoms
Verdict 283 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 4 cited sources
Short-term menopausal symptom improvement with ERr 731 was repeated, but independent confirmation is absent
2830 · Burosumab Benefits Radiographic Rickets Healing in Children With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
Verdict 2830 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Burosumab healed radiographic rickets more than conventional therapy in children with XLH, but fracture and surgery benefits remain separate questions
2831 · Simple Hysterectomy for Three-Year Pelvic Recurrence in Early Low-Risk Cervical Cancer - Benefit
Verdict 2831 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Simple hysterectomy preserved three-year pelvic control in selected low-risk early cervical cancer
2832 · Laparoscopic Bilateral Salpingectomy for Eight-Week Surgical Complications in Permanent Contraception - Benefit
Verdict 2832 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Laparoscopic salpingectomy was noninferior to tubal occlusion for eight-week surgical complications
2833 · Preterm Formula Powder for In-Hospital Weight Gain in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants - Benefit
Verdict 2833 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Preterm formula powder was noninferior for in-hospital weight-gain velocity, while rare safety and long-term development remain uncertain
2834 · Adding UV-C Terminal Room Disinfection for Target-Organism First Clinical-Culture Positivity in the Next Patient - Benefit
Verdict 2834 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
Added UV-C reduced the combined target-organism endpoint but not the C. difficile co-primary endpoint
2835 · Office Evaluation Alone Before Stress-Incontinence Surgery Is Noninferior for 1-Year Treatment Success - Benefit
Verdict 2835 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Office evaluation alone was noninferior to added urodynamics for one-year treatment success in uncomplicated stress incontinence
2836 · Nasal Balloon Autoinflation Benefits Tympanometric Resolution in Children with Otitis Media with Effusion
Verdict 2836 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Tympanometric resolution improved, but pure-tone hearing was not measured
2837 · Single-Dose Preoperative Doxycycline plus Metronidazole Is Ineffective for Preventing Pelvic Infection after Miscarriage Surgery
Verdict 2837 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
The broad primary definition was null, although the strict secondary definition was positive
2838 · Nasal High-Flow Therapy Increases Treatment Failure as Primary Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants - Harm
Verdict 2838 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Primary-support failure increased, but rescue CPAP prevented a significant increase in intubation
2839 · Omitting Prophylactic Cefuroxime Before Transperineal Prostate Biopsy Is Noninferior for Hospital-Requiring Sepsis or Urinary Tract Infection - Benefit
Verdict 2839 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Cefuroxime omission did not increase hospital-requiring infection after transperineal biopsy
284 · Diindolylmethane (DIM) x Estrogen balance and PMS improvement
Verdict 284 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 2 cited sources
Estrogen-metabolite changes were observed, but evidence for PMS symptom improvement was not identified
2840 · PeniMaster PRO Penile Traction Improves Erect Curvature in Stable Peyronie's Disease - Benefit
Verdict 2840 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Curvature improved over 12 weeks, but sexual-function benefit and durability remain uncertain
2841 · PERC No-Testing Rule-Out Strategy for Three-Month Missed Thromboembolism in Very-Low-Risk Emergency Patients With Suspected Pulmonary Embolism — Benefit
Verdict 2841 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Strictly selected very-low-risk patients had noninferior three-month outcomes with less testing
2842 · Soft Bandage and Immediate Discharge for Three-Day Pain in Pediatric Distal Radius Torus Fracture — Benefit
Verdict 2842 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
For correctly diagnosed pediatric distal radius torus fractures, bandage and discharge were not worse for pain or function
2843 · Real-Time Computer-Aided Detection During Colonoscopy for Adenoma Detection Rate — Benefit
Verdict 2843 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
AI found more adenomas during colonoscopy but did not establish fewer cancers or deaths
2844 · Artificial-Intelligence ECG Screening Alerts for Detecting Previously Undiagnosed Low Ejection Fraction — Benefit
Verdict 2844 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
AI-ECG alerts found more low EF but did not establish fewer heart-failure admissions or deaths
2845 · Two Days of Postoperative Intravenous Antibiotics Is Noninferior to Five Days for 90-Day Infection or Death After Complex Appendicitis — Benefit
Verdict 2845 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Two postoperative IV antibiotic days were noninferior to five after complex appendicitis, but readmission was higher
2846 · Loxoprofen Hydrogel Patch Is Noninferior to Oral Loxoprofen for Myalgia Symptom Improvement - Benefit
Verdict 2846 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Topical loxoprofen was not inferior to oral loxoprofen for two-week myalgia symptom improvement
2847 · One Additional Hyperbaric-Oxygen Session Is Ineffective for 1-Month Complete Recovery After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - No Benefit
Verdict 2847 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Adding a second hyperbaric-oxygen session after initial coma reduced one-month complete recovery
2848 · Opioid-Acetaminophen Combinations Are Not Superior to Ibuprofen-Acetaminophen for Acute Extremity Pain - No Benefit
Verdict 2848 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Opioid combinations did not provide better two-hour acute extremity pain relief than ibuprofen-acetaminophen
2849 · Real-Time Video Telerehabilitation Benefits Six-Minute Walk Function in Stable Chronic Heart Failure by Being Noninferior to Centre-Based Rehabilitation
Verdict 2849 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
Real-time home video cardiac rehabilitation was not inferior to centre-based rehabilitation for 12-week walking function
285 · Fennel seed extract x Relief of menopausal symptoms
Verdict 285 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
There are signals of improvement in overall menopausal-symptom scores, but results across small trials are inconsistent
2850 · Vitamin D3 Buccal Spray Benefits Serum 25(OH)D Absorption over Soft-Gel Capsules in Intestinal Malabsorption
Verdict 2850 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Buccal spray raised serum vitamin D more than capsules in intestinal malabsorption, but clinical outcomes remain unknown
2851 · Laparoscopic rectal-cancer resection is noninferior to open surgery for 3-year locoregional recurrence - benefit
Verdict 2851 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Laparoscopic resection was noninferior to open surgery for 3-year locoregional recurrence in selected rectal cancer
2852 · Neoadjuvant FOLFOX with selective radiation is noninferior to standard chemoradiotherapy for disease-free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer - benefit
Verdict 2852 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Radiation was omitted in most selected lower-risk locally advanced rectal cancers without inferior disease-free survival
2853 · Fractional CO2 laser benefits inflammatory acne lesion counts versus Nd:YAG - benefit
Verdict 2853 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Fractional CO2 reduced inflammatory acne lesion counts more than Nd:YAG in a 30-person split-face trial
2854 · Calcipotriol-betamethasone aerosol foam benefits PGA treatment success versus gel in plaque psoriasis - benefit
Verdict 2854 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Aerosol foam containing the same ingredients achieved more short-term PGA success than gel
2855 · Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision Shows Noninferior 3-Year Disease-Free Survival in Mid-to-Low Rectal Cancer
Verdict 2855 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 1 cited sources
TaTME was noninferior to laparoscopic TME for three-year disease-free survival under expert credentialing
2856 · Patisiran Benefits the Neurologic Impairment Score in Hereditary ATTR Amyloidosis with Polyneuropathy
Verdict 2856 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Patisiran improved the 18-month neurologic impairment score together with quality-of-life, gait, and nutritional measures
2857 · Tofersen Is Ineffective on the 28-Week Functional Score in SOD1 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Verdict 2857 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Tofersen did not improve the 28-week functional primary endpoint in SOD1 ALS
2858 · Delayed Second-Procedure TARGIT Intraoperative Radiotherapy Harms Local Control in Early Breast Cancer
Verdict 2858 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Delayed second-procedure TARGIT-IORT produced more five-year local recurrences than whole-breast radiotherapy
2859 · Benefit: Everolimus-Eluting Stent PCI Is Noninferior to CABG for 3-Year Death, Stroke, or Myocardial Infarction in Low- or Intermediate-Complexity Left Main Disease
Verdict 2859 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Everolimus-eluting stent PCI was noninferior to CABG for three-year composite events in low- or intermediate-complexity left main disease
286 · PeakATP (oral adenosine triphosphate) x Improved strength and exercise performance
Verdict 286 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 6 cited sources
A maximal-strength signal exists, but small samples and conflicting endpoints do not establish an overall exercise-performance benefit
2860 · Benefit: Pelacarsen Lowers 6-Month Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Cardiovascular Disease with Elevated Lipoprotein(a)
Verdict 2860 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Pelacarsen dose-dependently lowered six-month Lp(a) concentration in patients with established cardiovascular disease and elevated Lp(a)
2861 · 10-kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation Benefits Refractory Painful Diabetic Neuropathy by Achieving at Least 50% Pain Relief
Verdict 2861 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
A large pain response remains limited by one manufacturer-funded open-label implant trial
2862 · Intravitreal Bevacizumab Benefits Vision in Macular Edema Due to Retinal Vein Occlusion by Being Noninferior to Aflibercept
Verdict 2862 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 1 cited sources
Far cheaper bevacizumab was noninferior to aflibercept for six-month vision
2863 · H7 Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Benefits Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder by Reducing YBOCS Scores
Verdict 2863 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
OCD ratings improved, but daily function and durability remain unproven
2864 · Postdischarge Specialized Mood Disorder Clinic Care Is Null for Delaying Psychiatric Readmission in Severe Unipolar Depression
Verdict 2864 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
Readmission was not delayed significantly, and substantial benefit was not excluded
2865 · Givosiran Benefits Recurrent Attacks in Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Verdict 2865 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Recurrent attacks fell substantially, but the small manufacturer trial and hepatic and renal harms limit certainty
2866 · Zilebesiran Benefits 24-Hour Systolic Blood Pressure in Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension
Verdict 2866 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Zilebesiran substantially lowered 24-hour systolic blood pressure, but cardiovascular-event reduction has not yet been tested
2867 · Universal School-Based Mindfulness Training Is Ineffective for Adolescent Mental Health
Verdict 2867 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Universal school mindfulness did not improve one-year depression risk, social-emotional-behavioral functioning, or well-being
2868 · Facilitated Physical Activity Is Ineffective for 4-Month Depressive Symptoms in Adults With a Depressive Episode
Verdict 2868 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Counseling increased physical activity but did not improve four-month depressive symptoms or antidepressant use
2869 · Benefit: Mipomersen Lowers LDL-C in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
Verdict 2869 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Mipomersen substantially lowered LDL-C in homozygous disease, but event benefit was untested and hepatic risk was substantial
287 · Inosine x Improved endurance and exercise performance
Verdict 287 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
Multiple exercise trials in trained people repeatedly found no performance benefit, while urate increased
2870 · Null: Edetate Disodium-Based Chelation Does Not Reduce Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Diabetes and Prior Myocardial Infarction
Verdict 2870 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
Chelation lowered blood lead but not cardiovascular events and did not reproduce the original TACT signal
2871 · Benefit of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam for Noninferior 28-Day Mortality in Ventilated Nosocomial Pneumonia
Verdict 2871 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 1 cited sources
Noninferior 28-day mortality versus meropenem was established, not superiority
2872 · Benefit of Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Noninferior Death, Stroke, or Systemic Embolism after Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Verdict 2872 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
The efficacy composite was noninferior to anticoagulation and nonprocedural bleeding was substantially lower
2873 · Benefit of Secukinumab for Lesion Response in Moderate-to-Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa, a Surrogate Outcome
Verdict 2873 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Every-2-week secukinumab improved lesion-count response in both trials, but this is not hard clinical-outcome evidence
2874 · Benefit of Intravenous Risankizumab Induction for Clinical Remission and Endoscopic Response in Moderate-to-Severe Crohn's Disease, Surrogate Outcomes
Verdict 2874 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Both doses met week-12 remission and endoscopic response, but these are not long-term hard outcomes
2875 · Benefit of Risk-Based Breast Cancer Screening for Noninferior Advanced-Stage Breast Cancer versus Annual Screening
Verdict 2875 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Risk-based screening was noninferior for advanced cancer but did not reduce biopsies and cannot be directly transplanted to Korea
2876 · Benefit of Indacaterol-Glycopyrronium for Reducing Exacerbations in COPD with Prior Exacerbation
Verdict 2876 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
LABA/LAMA lowered one-year exacerbation rates versus ICS/LABA within a narrow comparison
2877 · No Benefit of Fluticasone Furoate-Vilanterol for Survival in Moderate COPD with Heightened Cardiovascular Risk
Verdict 2877 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 1 cited sources
The large trial did not establish survival benefit, but it did not fully exclude it
2878 · No Benefit of Adding Oral Roflumilast for Exacerbations in Severe COPD on Maximal Inhaled Therapy
Verdict 2878 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 1 cited sources
Oral add-on therapy did not significantly reduce the overall primary exacerbation rate
2879 · Benefit of Sentinel-Node-Navigated Neck Surgery for Noninferior 3-Year Survival in Clinically Node-Negative Early Oral Cancer
Verdict 2879 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
HNCMM supports noninferior three-year survival; the French study has a different endpoint and is not counted as confirmatory
288 · Medium-chain triglyceride oil x Improved endurance and exercise energy
Verdict 288 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 4 cited sources
Exercise fuel metabolism can change, but actual endurance-performance improvement has not been consistently demonstrated
2880 · No Benefit of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning for Death, Myocardial Infarction, or Stroke in Cardiac Surgery
Verdict 2880 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 2 cited sources
The UK and German trials were null in the same direction, but differing endpoints and periods prevent counting replication and do not fully exclude benefit
289 · Blueberry concentrate x Improved memory and cognitive function
Verdict 289 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 5 cited sources
Only limited episodic- and language-memory signals remain; overall cognitive improvement has not been established
290 · Whole coffee fruit extract (NeuroFactor/CognatiQ) x improvement in BDNF, focus, and memory
Verdict 290 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
BDNF and some working-memory signals exist, but they are not independent evidence of clinical cognitive improvement
291 · DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol) x improvement in memory and focus
Verdict 291 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 5 cited sources
DMAE has negative memory evidence but old small positive focus signals, yielding an overall C
292 · L-serine x improvement in sleep quality and nighttime awakenings
Verdict 292 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 1 cited sources
Subjective sleep scores showed a signal, but objective improvement in nighttime awakenings was not established
293 · Jujube seed (Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa) x improvement in insomnia and sleep quality
Verdict 293 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Jujube-seed-containing formulas have a C-level signal, but efficacy of the seed alone is deferred for lack of direct human literature
294 · California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) x improvement in sleep onset and sleep quality
Verdict 294 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
The effect of California poppy alone on sleep onset and quality cannot be judged from published human trials
295 · Okra extract (Abelmoschus esculentus) x improvement in postprandial glucose and HbA1c
Verdict 295 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 4 cited sources
Okra has repeated glucose and HbA1c reduction signals, but standardization and certainty remain limited
296 · Vanadyl sulfate x improvement in insulin sensitivity and blood glucose
Verdict 296 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
A short-term insulin-sensitivity signal exists, but controlled evidence for long-term glycemic control is insufficient
297 · Strontium citrate x increased bone mineral density and fracture prevention
Verdict 297 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Only a combination-product DXA signal and measurement artifact exist; citrate-alone human efficacy remains ungradable
298 · White willow bark extract x relief of osteoarthritis pain
Verdict 298 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
This C rating concerns conflicting evidence for standardized Salix spp. extracts, not S. alba alone
299 · Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) x prevention of gray hair and restoration of hair color
Verdict 299 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
Temporary darkening cases exist, but controlled evidence for preventing gray hair or restoring color is absent
300 · Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) x improvement in female pattern hair loss and hair growth
Verdict 300 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 1 cited sources
Only the hair-cycle outcome was positive in female pattern hair loss, while direct hair count and thickness were negative
301 · Centella asiatica extract powder × Maintenance of macular pigment density and eye health
Verdict 301 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 1 cited sources
CA-HE50 increased MPOD in one trial, but this is not evidence of preserved vision or prevention of macular disease
302 · Grape-skin enzymatic fermented extract (KL-GEFE) × Improvement of dry eye and tear-film measures
Verdict 302 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 2 cited sources
KL-GEFE improved dry-eye measures in one randomized trial, but independent replication is absent
303 · Persimmon-leaf ethanolic extract × Improvement of dry eye
Verdict 303 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 2 cited sources
EEDK improved dry-eye measures in one preprint RCT, but independent verification is pending
304 · Tisochrysis lutea powder × Improvement of dry-eye symptoms and tear secretion
Verdict 304 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
T. lutea powder improved OSDI in one RCT, but objective tear-film results were partial
305 · Dried Tetraselmis chuii powder × Improvement of dry eye and tear secretion
Verdict 305 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
A human study exists, but the public record does not permit assessment of effect size or reproducibility
306 · Purple corn cob and husk extract powder × Improvement of dry eyes
Verdict 306 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 1 cited sources
A human trial was conducted, but numerical results and independent replication are not public
307 · Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) × Adjunctive support for intraocular pressure and glaucoma
Verdict 307 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
PEA has small-study evidence for lowering intraocular pressure as an adjunct, but prevention of glaucoma progression remains uncertain
308 · Lactobacillus-fermented kelp extract × liver function and liver-marker improvement
Verdict 308 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
A specific fermented kelp ingredient has a short-term liver-enzyme signal but no independent evidence for clinical outcomes
309 · Korean black raspberry extract powder No. 2010-62 × improvement of alcoholic liver-injury markers
Verdict 309 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 1 cited sources
A 3,150 mg trial of No. 2010-62 exists, but evidence is limited to liver-enzyme surrogates from one manufacturer-specific product
310 · Ecklonia stolonifera extract × liver health and liver-enzyme improvement
Verdict 310 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
A standardized Ecklonia stolonifera extract lowered liver enzymes in one RCT, but clinical liver outcomes and independent replication are absent
311 · Artemisia annua extract powder × liver protection and liver-function improvement
Verdict 311 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
A specific Artemisia annua hot-water extract lowered liver enzymes in one RCT, but clinical liver outcomes are absent and safety differs by formulation
312 · Honeyberry extract powder × protection from liver injury associated with metabolic abnormalities
Verdict 312 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 2 cited sources
A human trial exists for authorization, but the evidence remains limited because publicly verifiable results and independent replication are absent
313 · Calcium D-glucarate × enhanced liver detoxification and toxin elimination
Verdict 313 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 5 cited sources
A Phase I human trial found a positive enzyme surrogate, but actual toxin elimination and liver-function efficacy were not measured
314 · Nicotinamide riboside (NR) × Increased NAD+ and healthy aging
Verdict 314 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
NR raises blood NAD+, but delayed aging or longer lifespan has not been established
315 · L-carnosine × Anti-glycation and slowing aging
Verdict 315 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
L-carnosine has signals for selected anti-glycation markers, but slowing aging itself has not been established
316 · Cycloastragenol (TA-65) × Telomerase activation and telomere maintenance
Verdict 316 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
TA-65 has a telomere-length signal, but functional aging improvement or longer lifespan has not been established
317 · Luteolin × Senolytic action and inhibition of neurological aging
Verdict 317 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Senolytic and neurological anti-aging effects of luteolin remain preclinical hypotheses without a direct human efficacy trial
318 · Cantaloupe melon SOD-gliadin complex (GliSODin) × Antioxidant effects and reduced oxidative stress
Verdict 318 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
GliSODin has signals for selected oxidative-stress markers, but findings from small trials are inconsistent
319 · Molecular hydrogen-generating tablets × Reduced oxidative stress and anti-aging effects
Verdict 319 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Molecular hydrogen has selected antioxidant-surrogate signals, but reduced oxidative stress and anti-aging effects of tablets remain unconfirmed
320 · American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) × Relief of anxiety and tension
Verdict 320 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
American skullcap has selected mood signals, but anxiety relief is inconsistent in small trials
321 · Wild green oat extract (Neuravena) × Improvement of stress, mood, and focus
Verdict 321 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Single-dose focus tasks and stress during smoking reduction show signals, but sustained mood or focus improvement is not established
322 · Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) × Improvement of dopamine and mood
Verdict 322 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Parkinson levodopa-response data are not evidence of mood enhancement in the general population
323 · Lithium orotate × Mood stabilization and anxiety relief
Verdict 323 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Low-dose brain lithium detection is documented, but mood stabilization and anxiety relief have not been tested adequately
324 · DL-phenylalanine (DLPA) × Improvement of depressive symptoms and mood
Verdict 324 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Early human signals are positive, but the lack of placebo and high attrition leave the antidepressant effect of DLPA unconfirmed
325 · Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaf extract × Relief of tension caused by stress
Verdict 325 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Selected anxiety scales improved, but findings were selective and independent replication is limited
326 · Clinoptilolite zeolite × Heavy-metal adsorption and systemic detoxification
Verdict 326 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 4 cited sources
One purified product reduced uptake of lead ingested at the same time, but this does not establish systemic detoxification
327 · Bentonite clay × Gut cleansing and systemic toxin removal
Verdict 327 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Reduced aflatoxin absorption by a specific refined clay is distinct from gut cleansing or systemic detoxification
328 · Irish sea moss (Chondrus crispus) × Thyroid, immune, and general health
Verdict 328 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Iodine content is not equivalent to evidence that Irish sea moss improves thyroid or immune health
329 · Monolaurin (glycerol monolaurate) × Antibacterial, antiviral, and immune support
Verdict 329 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
In vitro antimicrobial and antiviral activity is not equivalent to evidence that an oral supplement prevents infection or improves immunity
330 · Colloidal silver × Infection prevention and enhanced immunity
Verdict 330 · Evidence Grade ? · 6 cited sources
The infection and immunity randomized trial was completed, but its results remain unpublished, so the verdict is deferred
331 · Quisqualis fruit extract powder (Combretum indicum) × Prostate health and improved urinary symptoms
Verdict 331 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 1 cited sources
A 12-week improvement in urinary symptom scores was observed, but this is not evidence of prostate shrinkage or slower long-term progression
332 · Lespedeza cuneata extract powder × Improved male climacteric symptoms
Verdict 332 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
Eight-week climacteric symptom questionnaires improved, but improvements in hormones, sexual function, and urinary measures were not confirmed
333 · Yohimbe bark extract (Pausinystalia johimbe) × Improved erectile function and libido
Verdict 333 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Erectile-function data for quantified yohimbine do not transfer directly to inconsistently dosed yohimbe bark products or establish improved libido
334 · Cistanche tubulosa extract x improvement of testosterone and sexual function
Verdict 334 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No ingredient-only human efficacy trial of Cistanche tubulosa extract for testosterone or sexual function was identified
335 · Aster glehni extract powder x improvement of age-related cognitive decline
Verdict 335 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
This specific recognized ingredient was supported by submitted human evidence, but public cognitive clinical results and independent replication are lacking
336 · Enzymatically hydrolyzed Tremella fuciformis extract x improvement of age-related cognitive function
Verdict 336 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
A short-term cognitive-test RCT was positive, but it remains a single trial of one specific extract
337 · Gastrodia elata extract x improvement of memory and cognitive function
Verdict 337 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
A recent positive cognitive RCT exists, but earlier overall-population null findings and selective endpoints remain
338 · Theacrine (TeaCrine) x improvement of alertness, energy, and fatigue
Verdict 338 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 4 cited sources
Subjective energy signals are mixed, and objective exercise performance and fatigue resistance were repeatedly null
339 · Fermented porcine placenta extract x improvement of fatigue
Verdict 339 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
An eight-week fatigue-scale signal exists, but it comes from a single manufacturer-sponsored trial of a specific fermented ingredient
340 · Fermented amino acid complex x fatigue reduction during endurance exercise
Verdict 340 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
Individual recognition is not the same as independently replicated public clinical evidence
341 · D-allulose x attenuation of postprandial glucose rise
Verdict 341 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 4 cited sources
A modest postprandial curve change should be distinguished from durable glycemic control
342 · L-arabinose x attenuation of sucrose digestion and absorption and postprandial glucose control
Verdict 342 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Any effect is limited to acute simultaneous intake with sucrose
343 · Does Touchi extract suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation?
Verdict 343 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 5 cited sources
Regulatory or safety review does not independently establish efficacy of the test material.
344 · Do glycerol supplements improve fluid retention and endurance during exercise?
Verdict 344 · Evidence Grade B · 61 · 4 cited sources
The low-B rating applies only to high-dose pure-glycerol hyperhydration and must be distinguished from low-dose retail products.
345 · Do exogenous ketone salts improve endurance and exercise energy?
Verdict 345 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 5 cited sources
Higher blood ketones are a surrogate marker, not evidence of improved endurance.
346 · Phosphatidic acid (PA) × Increased muscle mass and strength during resistance training
Verdict 346 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
PA has mixed results in small resistance-training trials and should not be treated as a proven muscle-building ingredient
347 · MS-10 thistle complex × Relief of menopausal symptoms in women
Verdict 347 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
MS-10 has a short-term menopause symptom-scale signal, but developer and branded-ingredient concentration limit it to C
348 · Germinated fermented soybean extract × Relief of menopausal symptoms in women
Verdict 348 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
Registration and preregistration are real, but absent public human results keep the verdict at the lowest C
349 · Rice bran ethanolic extract × Improved sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep onset
Verdict 349 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 1 cited sources
Rice bran ethanolic extract has a two-week polysomnographic signal, but evidence beyond one specific ingredient trial is limited
350 · Heukharang lettuce extract × Improved sleep quality and sleep onset
Verdict 350 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 2 cited sources
Heukharang extract has a short-term signal for sleep duration and efficiency, but sleep onset and product generalization remain uncertain
351 · Does Chrysanthemum zawadskii extract improve knee pain and joint function?
Verdict 351 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
Efficacy was rated separately from safety and product-specification differences. No related serious adverse-event signal emerged over 12 weeks, but long-term safety evidence is limited, so safety remains unknown.
352 · Does Lilium lancifolium extract improve joint discomfort and function?
Verdict 352 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
Efficacy was rated separately from safety. No clear serious safety signal emerged over 12 weeks, but long-term and cross-product evidence is limited.
353 · Does vitamin D support calcium absorption and bone health and prevent fractures?
Verdict 353 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 5 cited sources
Efficacy was rated separately from safety. Excess supplementation can cause hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and other toxicity, so dosing should follow testing and clinical context.
354 · Does larch arabinogalactan reduce colds and upper respiratory infections?
Verdict 354 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 2 cited sources
Efficacy was rated separately from safety. Short-term tolerability does not establish long-term safety, and this fiber-like ingredient may cause gastrointestinal discomfort.
355 · Does EpiCor reduce cold and flu-like symptoms and support immunity?
Verdict 355 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Efficacy was rated separately from safety. Short trials showed no major signal, but safety evidence in children, long-term use, and polypharmacy remains insufficient.
356 · Does Astragalus extract enhance immunity and prevent infections?
Verdict 356 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
Efficacy was rated separately from safety. Caution is appropriate because of potential interactions with immunosuppressive therapy, autoimmune conditions, and variable product specifications.
357 · Does saffron extract improve sleep onset and sleep quality?
Verdict 357 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 7 cited sources
Efficacy was rated separately from safety. Short-term tolerability at research doses was generally acceptable, but pregnancy, anticoagulant use, high doses, and long-term use require separate caution.
358 · Glycine x sleep quality and daytime alertness
Verdict 358 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Early human signals exist for 3 g before bed, but the evidence is tiny and industry-concentrated
359 · Wild lettuce extract (Lactuca virosa) x sedation, sleep onset, and restful sleep
Verdict 359 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Traditional sedative imagery and animal signals exist, but no standalone human sleep trial was identified
360 · Lactase enzyme x prevention of lactose-intolerance symptoms
Verdict 360 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 5 cited sources
Direct lactose digestion and symptom reduction are repeatedly supported, but product activity and dosing conditions matter
361 · L. plantarum 299v x IBS abdominal pain, gas, and bloating
Verdict 361 · Evidence Grade B · 65 · 3 cited sources
IBS RCTs exist for strain 299v, but results conflict and cannot be generalized to all probiotics
362 · Slippery elm bark (Ulmus rubra) x reflux, heartburn, and a sensitive gut
Verdict 362 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Mucilage provides plausibility, but no standalone human efficacy trial was identified after excluding combination products
363 · Evening primrose seed extract (PGG) x postprandial blood glucose
Verdict 363 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
The specified extract has a single-meal postprandial signal, but no independent replication or long-term clinical outcomes
364 · Does guava leaf extract improve postprandial glucose and HbA1c?
Verdict 364 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 2 cited sources
Postprandial efficacy was separated from sustained glycemic control, safety, and product specification.
365 · Does Maitake SX-Fraction improve insulin sensitivity and blood glucose?
Verdict 365 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
SX-Fraction efficacy and safety were separated from evidence for other maitake fractions.
366 · Does pantethine lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides?
Verdict 366 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
Pantethine was distinguished from pantothenic acid, and lipid values were separated from clinical events and safety.
367 · Do tocotrienols lower LDL cholesterol and provide cardiovascular protection?
Verdict 367 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 3 cited sources
Tocotrienols were distinguished from tocopherols, and LDL surrogates were separated from cardiovascular events and safety.
368 · Do lactotripeptides IPP and VPP lower blood pressure in mild hypertension?
Verdict 368 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 4 cited sources
Blood-pressure surrogates were separated from cardiovascular outcomes, IPP and VPP from other milk-protein ingredients, and efficacy from safety.
369 · Does 7-Keto-DHEA increase metabolic rate and reduce body fat?
Verdict 369 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Thermogenesis and metabolic-rate outcomes were separated from body-fat outcomes, and efficacy from long-term safety.
370 · Does low-molecular-weight yeast hydrolysate suppress appetite and reduce body fat?
Verdict 370 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 4 cited sources
Standalone and combination evidence, appetite surrogates and body-fat outcomes, and efficacy, safety, and product variability were separated.
371 · Moro blood orange extract (Morosil®) x abdominal fat, waist circumference, and body-weight reduction
Verdict 371 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
HACCP and ingredient certification were separated from the strength of efficacy evidence for weight and abdominal fat
372 · Methylliberine (Dynamine®) x caffeine-free alertness, focus, and exercise energy
Verdict 372 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Standalone subjective experience, objective cognition, combination trials, and safety were separated
373 · Paraxanthine (enfinity®) x cleaner alertness, endurance, and reaction speed
Verdict 373 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Metabolite description, cognitive signals, endurance performance, and long-term safety were separated
374 · Riboflavin (vitamin B2) x energy production and fatigue improvement
Verdict 374 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
High-dose migraine prevention is outside the scope of this fatigue verdict
375 · Magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®) x memory, executive function, and brain magnesium
Verdict 375 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Cognitive efficacy, formulation superiority, brain-magnesium mechanism, and safety were separated
376 · Rosemary extract x improved memory and concentration
Verdict 376 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Aroma inhalation, food intake, standardized extract efficacy, and safety were separated
377 · Creatine monohydrate x memory and reasoning during sleep deprivation and in vegetarians
Verdict 377 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 4 cited sources
The cognition axis is separate from exercise performance, and benefits concentrate in sleep-deprived or lower-intake groups
378 · Burdock root x liver detoxification and blood purification
Verdict 378 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Traditional language and preclinical mechanisms do not establish human liver-detox efficacy for burdock root
379 · Caper bush root x hepatocyte protection and liver detoxification
Verdict 379 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Results for the Liv.52 combination cannot be transferred to standalone caper bush root
380 · Blackcurrant anthocyanins x VDT-related eye fatigue and dark adaptation
Verdict 380 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 1 cited sources
The acute signal from a 50 mg standardized concentrate cannot be generalized to generic blackcurrant products or vision restoration
381 · DHA x retinal function and infant visual development
Verdict 381 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
The infant-development and retinal nutritional role is established, but it does not extend to adult vision restoration or AMD prevention
382 · Horsetail extract and silica x reduced hair loss and stronger hair and nails
Verdict 382 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
A small brittleness signal from purified orthosilicic acid does not establish that horsetail extract treats hair loss
383 · L-Methionine x hair growth and stronger nails
Verdict 383 · Evidence Grade ? · 1 cited sources
Being an amino acid used in keratin does not establish hair-growth or nail-strength efficacy in nondeficient people
384 · Tomato nutrient complex (Lyc-O-Mato) × Oral photoprotection and reduction of skin erythema
Verdict 384 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
The erythema signal from tomato carotenoid complexes is not evidence that they replace sunscreen or prevent skin cancer
385 · Hydroxytyrosol × Reduction of oxidative stress and healthy aging
Verdict 385 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Reduced oxidized LDL is not clinical proof of healthy aging or lifespan extension
386 · Nicotinamide (niacinamide) × NAD+ replenishment and delayed aging
Verdict 386 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 3 cited sources
Nicotinamide's deficiency and skin benefits are not evidence that it slows aging or extends lifespan in the general population
387 · GlyNAC × Glutathione restoration, mitochondrial improvement, and reversal of aging
Verdict 387 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
Improved glutathione and mitochondrial markers do not establish reversal of human aging or lifespan extension
388 · Red raspberry leaf × Shorter labor, uterine health, and menstrual-pain relief
Verdict 388 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
A traditional easy-birth image and uncertain pregnancy safety do not prove that raspberry leaf shortens labor
389 · Motherwort (Leonurus japonicus) × Irregular menstruation, menstrual pain, and postpartum uterine recovery
Verdict 389 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Traditional motherwort use and injection data do not establish that oral products regulate menstruation or restore the postpartum uterus
390 · Pueraria mirifica x breast enlargement, estrogen balance, and menopause
Verdict 390 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
P. mirifica is distinct from kudzu, and menopausal signals were separated from breast-enlargement claims
391 · Beta-sitosterol x urinary symptoms and flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Verdict 391 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 3 cited sources
Urinary symptom and flow improvement were separated from prostate size and disease progression
392 · Muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides) x male libido and erectile function
Verdict 392 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 5 cited sources
The preliminary 262-man standalone-extract report was included, while the female Herbal vX combination was excluded from standalone attribution
393 · Pine pollen x increased testosterone and male vitality
Verdict 393 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Trace detection in pollen is not evidence that oral pine pollen raises human testosterone
394 · Agmatine sulfate x workout pump, blood flow, and endurance
Verdict 394 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
All outcomes in the direct acute exercise trial were null, but one conference abstract does not constitute replicated refutation
395 · Epicatechin x myostatin inhibition, muscle mass, and strength
Verdict 395 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 4 cited sources
Sarcopenic and healthy populations, pure epicatechin and extracts, and muscle outcomes and myostatin inhibition were separated
396 · Bee pollen x improved endurance, physical performance, and post-exercise recovery
Verdict 396 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 5 cited sources
Apart from its nutrient content, bee pollen has not supported endurance, performance, or recovery claims in repeated trials
397 · Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 plus Bifidobacterium longum R0175 x improved stress, anxiety, and mood
Verdict 397 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
R0052 plus R0175 has a short-term stress signal, but it has not been consistently replicated in larger trials
398 · L-methylfolate (5-MTHF) x improvement in depression and adjunctive antidepressant therapy
Verdict 398 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 4 cited sources
Adjunctive 15 mg therapy has evidence, but this does not establish healthy-person mood enhancement or high-dose use based on MTHFR status alone
399 · Fulvic acid and humic minerals x trace-mineral supplementation, heavy-metal detoxification, and general vitality
Verdict 399 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Human literature was not identified for mineral supplementation, heavy-metal detoxification, or vitality from marketed fulvic and humic mixtures
400 · Coral calcium x body alkalization, chronic-disease prevention, and general health
Verdict 400 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Ordinary calcium delivery is separate from the refuted claims that coral calcium alkalizes the body or prevents chronic disease
401 · SAMe (ademetionine) x improvement of osteoarthritis pain and function
Verdict 401 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
No difference in active-comparator trials is not evidence of noninferiority, and placebo-controlled efficacy is uncertain.
402 · Tabetri® taheebo extract x joint and cartilage health and knee discomfort
Verdict 402 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
A trial exists, but public results and independent replication are insufficient
403 · Angelica decursiva leaf extract x improvement of joint discomfort and function
Verdict 403 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 3 cited sources
The existence of a human trial must be separated from public verifiability of its results
404 · Weissella cibaria JW15 x enhanced immune function and defense against infection
Verdict 404 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 4 cited sources
Increased NK-cell activity is not the same outcome as infection prevention
405 · Oral colostrum- and egg-yolk-derived transfer factor x immune-memory transfer and cold prevention
Verdict 405 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
A human trial of oral Tri-Factor exists, but IgA and all infection-related outcomes were null.
406 · Apigenin x sleep, relaxation, and anxiety relief
Verdict 406 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Chamomile studies are not clinical trials of isolated apigenin tablets
407 · Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) x enhanced calcium absorption and bone health
Verdict 407 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Increased calcium absorption does not itself establish improved bone density or fewer fractures
408 · Shoden® ashwagandha extract x sleep quality, sleep onset, and nighttime awakenings
Verdict 408 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Direct Shoden sleep evidence is one commercially linked trial, and KSM-66 studies are not replication of Shoden.
409 · Acacia fiber (Fibregum®) x bowel frequency, stool characteristics, and beneficial gut bacteria
Verdict 409 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
There is a stool-frequency signal, but the stool-characteristic and microbiota claims are not jointly established
410 · L. reuteri DSM 17938 x crying time in breastfed infants with colic
Verdict 410 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 4 cited sources
The benefit must be interpreted specifically for DSM 17938 and breastfed infants with colic
411 · B. coagulans Unique IS-2 x bowel regularity and constipation
Verdict 411 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Short-term bowel signals exist, but spore survival is not the same as clinical efficacy
412 · D-pinitol x insulin sensitivity and fasting and postprandial blood glucose
Verdict 412 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 4 cited sources
Human trials exist, but positive longer-term glycemic findings conflict with null insulin-sensitivity results.
413 · PMO wheat albumin x delayed carbohydrate absorption and postprandial glucose rise
Verdict 413 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 4 cited sources
The postprandial-glucose signal is unrelated to oral albumin or liver-health claims
414 · Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HAC01 x reduced postprandial glucose rise in adults with prediabetes
Verdict 414 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
HAC01 has a short-term postprandial-glucose signal, not evidence of diabetes treatment
415 · Black raspberry extract x blood-pressure control
Verdict 415 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 2 cited sources
A small trial supports the 2,500 mg specification, not hypertension treatment
416 · AB-LIFE probiotic blend x improved LDL and total cholesterol
Verdict 416 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 3 cited sources
A small lipid signal belongs to the three-strain blend, not probiotics in general
417 · Serrapeptase x breakdown of arterial plaque, blood clots, and circulating proteins
Verdict 417 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
In-vitro thrombolysis exists, but human cardiovascular efficacy of oral dosing is unproven
418 · ReSeringe Hydrangea serrata leaf extract x reduced body fat and abdominal fat
Verdict 418 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 2 cited sources
The 600 mg specification has a short-term body-composition signal, not durable weight-loss evidence
419 · Fermented chestnut inner-shell extract x reduced body fat and abdominal fat
Verdict 419 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 4 cited sources
An 80-person MFDS-dossier RCT exists, without independent publication or replication
420 · Aster spathulifolius extract x reduced body fat
Verdict 420 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
The 700 mg specification has one short-term trial, without independent replication or durable-loss evidence
421 · Oral iron x iron-deficiency anemia and deficiency-related fatigue
Verdict 421 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 4 cited sources
Evidence is strong for correcting anemia and improving deficiency-related fatigue when iron deficiency is confirmed
422 · Liposomal NAD+ x cellular energy and mitochondrial vitality
Verdict 422 · Evidence Grade D · 26 · 5 cited sources
Intracellular NAD increased, but vitality outcomes were null and no liposomal product trial exists
423 · DW2009 x memory and attention in mild cognitive impairment
Verdict 423 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 2 cited sources
The single DW2009 RCT was positive, but independent replication and long-term clinical outcomes are absent
424 · Polygala tenuifolia root extract x memory, learning, and forgetfulness
Verdict 424 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Small direct RCTs exist, but they are concentrated in one proprietary extract without independent replication
425 · Heat-treated green tea extract x memory and concentration
Verdict 425 · Evidence Grade C · 51 · 3 cited sources
The single product has a 12-week memory-test signal, but independent replication and long-term outcomes are absent
426 · Betaine or TMG x fatty liver, liver fat, and liver enzymes
Verdict 426 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 4 cited sources
Major liver outcomes in high-dose human RCTs were generally null, leaving limited evidence
427 · Oral glutathione x liver detoxification, toxin elimination, and liver enzymes
Verdict 427 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 4 cited sources
An uncontrolled ALT signal conflicts with null controlled trials, and higher body GSH does not prove actual liver detoxification
428 · LD100 lemon balm-dandelion complex x liver health and liver enzymes
Verdict 428 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
A liver-enzyme signal exists for the specific LD100 product, but it is not independently replicated evidence of improved liver disease
429 · Saffron extract x visual function and contrast sensitivity in age-related macular degeneration
Verdict 429 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
Short-term visual-function signals in AMD do not establish prevention of disease progression
430 · Meso-zeaxanthin x macular pigment, contrast sensitivity, and glare
Verdict 430 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
The combination increases macular pigment, but the independent added value of meso-zeaxanthin remains unclear
431 · C3G-rich black soybean seed-coat extract x eye fatigue and accommodation
Verdict 431 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
An eye-fatigue signal exists, but it cannot be isolated as a stand-alone effect of black soybean C3G
432 · Oral catalase x gray-hair prevention and restoration of hair color
Verdict 432 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
A mechanism and advertising-enforcement materials exist, but oral catalase itself has no efficacy trial, so the verdict remains ungraded
433 · Annurca apple extract x hair loss, density, and growth
Verdict 433 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 4 cited sources
A hair signal exists for specific Annurca products, but it is not an independently replicated generic effect
434 · Spermidine x reduction of telogen hair loss and prolongation of anagen
Verdict 434 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
A follicular surrogate signal does not establish treatment of telogen effluvium or actual hair regrowth
435 · Freeze-dried Korean black raspberry powder x antioxidant activity and reduction of oxidative stress
Verdict 435 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
The evidence is limited to selected oxidative markers for a specific freeze-dried powder, not clinical anti-aging efficacy
436 · Multi-ingredient senolytic blend x clearance of senescent cells, tissue rejuvenation, and extension of healthspan
Verdict 436 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Ingredient and animal mechanisms exist, but human rejuvenation efficacy literature for the finished product does not
437 · Robuvit x reduction of oxidative fatigue, resilience, and healthy aging
Verdict 437 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
Short-term fatigue and recovery surrogates cannot be expanded into broad healthy aging
438 · UREX GR-1 plus RC-14 x beneficial vaginal bacteria and bacterial-vaginosis recurrence
Verdict 438 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Short-term adjunctive efficacy of the exact strains is possible, but long-term recurrence prevention is unconfirmed
439 · Sea buckthorn berry oil x postmenopausal vaginal dryness and mucosal atrophy symptoms
Verdict 439 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Repeated null vaginal-dryness and symptom findings in two RCTs outweigh the partial epithelial-integrity surrogate signal
440 · S-equol x menopausal hot flashes, sleep disturbance, and muscle pain
Verdict 440 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
Finished S-equol evidence for hot flashes and stiffness was separated from sleep evidence
441 · Black ginger x erectile function, libido, and male vitality
Verdict 441 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
Human erectile outcomes were separated from animal sexual-behavior, vascular, and vitality evidence
442 · Red ginseng oil KGC11o x prostate health, nocturia, and urinary symptoms
Verdict 442 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 4 cited sources
Subjective urinary symptoms were separated from objective prostate and urodynamic outcomes
443 · Coenzyme Q10 x semen parameters and pregnancy potential in male infertility
Verdict 443 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Semen surrogates, clinical pregnancy, and live birth were separated
444 · Highly branched cyclic dextrin x superiority for endurance, recovery, and gastrointestinal comfort
Verdict 444 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 5 cited sources
General carbohydrate feeding was separated from HBCD-specific superiority
445 · Low-molecular-weight whey protein hydrolysate x strength, muscle mass, and resistance performance
Verdict 445 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
The specific pentapeptide specification, generic whey protein, and combination evidence were separated
446 · TWK10 and exercise performance: positive small trials, but limited independent replication
Verdict 446 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 5 cited sources
This efficacy verdict applies only to the TWK10 strain. General probiotic gut effects and animal endurance findings were not pooled into the human exercise verdict.
447 · PS128 and mood: small mixed signals that do not generalize to healthy adults or monotherapy
Verdict 447 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 5 cited sources
Safety is separate from efficacy. Trials generally reported good tolerability, but people with severe immunocompromise or central venous catheters should discuss probiotic use with a clinician.
448 · High-EPA omega-3 for depression: a signal in adjunctive clinical depression, not general mood enhancement
Verdict 448 · Evidence Grade B · 63 · 7 cited sources
Safety is separate from efficacy. Gastrointestinal effects can occur, and people using anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, facing surgery or bleeding risk, with a history of atrial fibrillation, or considering high doses should consult a clinician.
449 · Ge-132: longstanding broad efficacy claims remain unverified while product safety warnings are serious
Verdict 449 · Evidence Grade ? · 6 cited sources
People with kidney disease or those taking a germanium supplement of uncertain source or purity should discuss discontinuation with a clinician. It must not replace or delay cancer treatment.
450 · Oral rehydration salts for dehydration: strongly established oral therapy when the glucose-electrolyte composition is correct
Verdict 450 · Evidence Grade A · 95 · 5 cited sources
With vomiting, small frequent sips can be used and restarted after a short pause. People with kidney or heart disease, electrolyte restrictions, vulnerable infants or older age, persistent diarrhea, bloody stool, or high fever should follow clinical advice.
451 · Psyllium husk x postprandial glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 451 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Do not change or reduce diabetes medication on this basis; clinical review of combination use, adequate fluid, and dosing intervals is prudent.
452 · Magnesium x migraine attack prevention and frequency reduction
Verdict 452 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 5 cited sources
People with kidney disease or multiple medications should seek clinical review before starting high-dose magnesium.
453 · Ginger root x pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea
Verdict 453 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 4 cited sources
Fainting, fever, heavy bleeding, pain with intercourse, or suddenly worsening pain warrants evaluation for a secondary cause before relying on a supplement.
454 · Vitamin D x depression prevention and mood improvement in generally healthy adults
Verdict 454 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 4 cited sources
Persistent depression or thoughts of self-harm require prompt professional assessment and support rather than reliance on a supplement.
455 · Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila x weight loss and prevention of regain
Verdict 455 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 3 cited sources
This is not evidence to replace obesity medication or diet and activity plans, and data remain insufficient in vulnerable settings such as immunocompromise, serious illness, pregnancy, or lactation.
456 · L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 x increased testosterone and vitality in middle-aged men
Verdict 456 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
Mouse testicular and hormone findings did not translate into increased testosterone or vitality in men
457 · Curcumin x relief of major depressive disorder symptoms and adjunctive use with antidepressants
Verdict 457 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
A small short-term depression-scale signal cannot be expanded to ordinary turmeric or replacement of antidepressants
458 · S. salivarius K12 x prevention of recurrent pharyngotonsillitis and sore throat
Verdict 458 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Oral colonization and bacteriocin mechanisms are not clinical prevention of recurrent pharyngotonsillitis
459 · High-dose beta-carotene x prevention of lung cancer in smokers
Verdict 459 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 3 cited sources
High-dose beta-carotene did not prevent lung cancer in smokers and instead increased risk
460 · Fullerene C60 in olive oil x extension of lifespan and inhibition of aging
Verdict 460 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
One rat study and antioxidant mechanisms exist, but human lifespan-extension efficacy literature does not
461 · Betaine hydrochloride x hypochlorhydria and protein digestion
Verdict 461 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Gastric pH lowering was shown, but no human trial has established relief of indigestion
462 · Melatonin x jet-lag prevention and destination-time adaptation
Verdict 462 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 4 cited sources
Standard melatonin has strong evidence for jet lag, but equivalence of plant-derived general foods is a separate issue
463 · Creatine monohydrate x major depressive disorder and antidepressant augmentation
Verdict 463 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 4 cited sources
Adjunctive signals for depression exist, but they remain small, mixed, and exploratory
464 · Taurine x extension of lifespan and healthspan
Verdict 464 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
The human survival trial was null, and evidence for long-term lifespan extension in generally healthy adults remains preclinical
465 · Nicotinamide x prevention of recurrent nonmelanoma skin cancer in high-risk patients
Verdict 465 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
It has efficacy in a high-risk recurrence population but cannot be expanded into a general anticancer vitamin
466 · L-arginine x mild to moderate erectile dysfunction
Verdict 466 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 4 cited sources
The monotherapy signal is limited, the large effect is concentrated in combination products, and the objective severe-disease result is null
467 · High-dose vitamin E x prevention of dementia and Alzheimer disease
Verdict 467 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 5 cited sources
A large prevention trial did not reduce dementia incidence; deficiency treatment and established Alzheimer treatment are different claims
468 · Berberine x obesity treatment and weight loss
Verdict 468 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 4 cited sources
A small weight change is possible, but berberine is not supported as a pharmaceutical obesity treatment or GLP-1 substitute
469 · Coenzyme Q10 x IVF or ICSI success in women with diminished ovarian reserve
Verdict 469 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
Oocyte and clinical-pregnancy signals exist, but the final live-birth outcome remains unestablished
470 · Tart cherry concentrate x uric acid reduction and gout-flare prevention
Verdict 470 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
The small direct gout trial was null, the mixed-population meta-analysis found a small positive urate signal, and long-term flare prevention remains unproven
471 · Alpha-galactosidase x reduction of gas and bloating after beans or high-FODMAP meals
Verdict 471 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
Acute gas reduction after specific bean or GOS meals is a different claim from treatment of chronic bloating
472 · Diamine oxidase x relief of symptoms attributed to food-related histamine intolerance
Verdict 472 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
A controlled human trial found a positive total-symptom signal, but substantial limitations and conflicting evidence place the claim at the bottom of C, without confirmatory treatment evidence for everyday food-related histamine intolerance
473 · Weissella cibaria CMU x improvement of gingivitis and gum bleeding
Verdict 473 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
Eight-week improvement in gingival indices with the specific CMU strain is a different claim from preventing long-term periodontitis or tooth loss
474 · GreenCera-F x protection of the gastric mucosa and improvement of stomach health
Verdict 474 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 2 cited sources
Improvement on a functional-dyspepsia symptom scale is not the same measured outcome as histologic protection of the human gastric mucosa
475 · Selenium x prevention of prostate cancer in men from the general population
Verdict 475 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 5 cited sources
Being an antioxidant nutrient is not prostate-cancer prevention, and the claim was repeatedly refuted in large clinical evidence
476 · MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) x skin wrinkles, elasticity, and hydration
Verdict 476 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
Skin signals exist, but placebo-controlled evidence for MSM alone centers on a 20-person pilot and combination results cannot be attributed to MSM
477 · Maca (Lepidium meyenii) x female desire, sexual function, and antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction
Verdict 477 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Trials in women are small, key total scores were null in antidepressant-associated dysfunction, and only selected subgroup signals remain
478 · Non-micronized single-ingredient diosmin x venous-insufficiency leg edema, pain, and heaviness
Verdict 478 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Evidence is stronger for the MPFF combination and cannot be transferred directly to non-micronized diosmin alone
479 · New Zealand blackcurrant anthocyanins (CurraNZ) x exercise endurance and muscle recovery
Verdict 479 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 5 cited sources
Small benefits appear in selected sports, but branded-product small studies and null performance and recovery results coexist
480 · BPC-157 peptide x tendon, ligament, and muscle healing and post-exercise recovery
Verdict 480 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Animal healing signals exist, but no controlled human efficacy trial has tested tendon, ligament, or muscle healing
481 · Calcium supplementation x prevention of preeclampsia
Verdict 481 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
The low-intake recommendation remains, but the latest large placebo-controlled evidence was null for preeclampsia prevention
482 · Zinc x progression of intermediate age-related macular degeneration and central vision loss
Verdict 482 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 4 cited sources
The evidence concerns delayed progression with an AREDS formulation in high-risk disease, not prevention of disease onset
483 · Magnesium oxide x chronic constipation and bowel-movement frequency
Verdict 483 · Evidence Grade C · 53 · 3 cited sources
The evidence concerns short-term osmotic-laxative treatment at 1.5 g/day rather than routine nutritional supplementation
484 · Zinc L-carnosine x gastric-mucosal protection and ulcer healing
Verdict 484 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Pharmaceutical and combination-treatment evidence cannot be converted into broad standalone supplement claims of gastrointestinal barrier repair
485 · Vitamin D3 x primary prevention of cancer incidence in adults
Verdict 485 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 5 cited sources
The need to correct vitamin D deficiency is a different claim from preventing cancer incidence in vitamin D-replete general adults
486 · Combined vitamins B6, B12, and folate x prevention of dementia and cognitive decline through homocysteine lowering
Verdict 486 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 5 cited sources
Lower homocysteine did not translate into prevention of dementia or overall cognitive decline
487 · Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) x slowing ALS progression and extending survival
Verdict 487 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 5 cited sources
Unlike the early signal, the large phase 3 trial did not improve ALS function or survival
488 · Lumbrokinase x thrombolysis and prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke
Verdict 488 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
Coagulation changes and limited adjunctive stroke signals do not establish lumbrokinase as a medicine that prevents myocardial infarction or stroke
489 · R-1,3-butanediol x improved exercise energy and endurance
Verdict 489 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 6 cited sources
Higher blood ketones did not translate into better running or cycling endurance
490 · Pentadecanoic acid C15:0 x reversal of cellular aging and extension of healthspan
Verdict 490 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Circulating C15:0 rises, but no human study has tested reversal of aging or extension of healthspan
491 · Macrogol 4000 x bowel frequency and stool form in chronic functional constipation
Verdict 491 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
Bowel frequency and stool form improve, but mixed PEG formulations keep the grade at B
492 · Horse chestnut seed extract x leg symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency
Verdict 492 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Standardized aescin improves short-term venous symptoms, but long-term outcomes are unknown
493 · Vitamin E x liver histology in non-diabetic, non-cirrhotic MASH or NASH
Verdict 493 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 5 cited sources
Histology improves in selected non-diabetic NASH, but fibrosis does not
494 · L-carnitine x sperm motility and natural conception in male infertility
Verdict 494 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Sperm motility may improve, but natural conception and live birth do not have established benefit
495 · L-lysine x prevention and healing of recurrent herpes labialis
Verdict 495 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 5 cited sources
Prevention evidence is conflicting, and faster healing of acute lesions has not been demonstrated
496 · Meratrim x reduction in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference
Verdict 496 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
The short-term weight-loss signal is large but confined to a branded ingredient and its developer-linked studies
497 · D-ribose x high-intensity exercise performance and recovery
Verdict 497 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 6 cited sources
D-ribose is an ATP precursor but has not consistently improved high-intensity performance or recovery in healthy exercisers
498 · Ginkgo biloba extract x reduction in tinnitus loudness and distress
Verdict 498 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 4 cited sources
The latest Cochrane analysis found a THI MD of -1.35 points (95% CI -8.26 to 5.55; two trials, 85 participants). The lower bound of -8.26 includes improvement greater than the 7-point THI minimal clinically important difference. Because the confidence interval does not exclude clinically meaningful benefit, the grade is D with 25 points, not F.
499 · Apoaequorin, Prevagen x age-related memory decline and cognitive function
Verdict 499 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 4 cited sources
All cognitive tasks were null in the full population, while advertising relied on post hoc subgroup findings
500 · Deuterium-depleted water x delayed aging and longer healthspan
Verdict 500 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
No human study has directly tested delayed aging or longer healthspan in healthy people
501 · Bisacodyl x chronic functional constipation in adults
Verdict 501 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 2 cited sources
Short-term improvement in bowel-movement frequency and symptoms is established, but long-term daily use is not
502 · Micronized purified flavonoid fraction x acute hemorrhoid symptoms
Verdict 502 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 3 cited sources
Evidence for reducing bleeding is reasonably clear, but benefit is not consistent across all hemorrhoid symptoms, including pain
503 · Magnesium x prevention of nocturnal leg cramps in older adults
Verdict 503 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 3 cited sources
Clinically meaningful prevention of nocturnal idiopathic leg cramps in older adults has repeatedly not been demonstrated over placebo
504 · Vitamin D3 x fall prevention in community-dwelling older adults
Verdict 504 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 4 cited sources
Vitamin D3 does not prevent falls in nondeficient community-dwelling older adults, and high bolus doses may increase risk
505 · HemoHIM herbal extract x immune function and infection defense
Verdict 505 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 5 cited sources
Limited immune-cell marker signals exist, but defense against actual infection in healthy adults has not been established
506 · Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7714 x skin hydration, elasticity, and photoaging
Verdict 506 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
The specific HY7714 trial shows instrumental skin signals, but independent replication is absent
507 · L-ornithine x stress- and fatigue-related sleep quality
Verdict 507 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
Perceived sleep signals exist, but improvement in objective sleep architecture has not been established
508 · L-citrulline x erection hardness and sexual function in mild erectile dysfunction
Verdict 508 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
A small positive pilot exists for mild erectile dysfunction, but confirmatory trials do not
509 · Coenzyme Q10 x migraine-attack frequency and duration in adults
Verdict 509 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 5 cited sources
A migraine-prevention frequency signal exists, but evidence is too limited to establish a definitive standalone CoQ10 effect
510 · L-proline x collagen synthesis, skin elasticity, and wrinkles
Verdict 510 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Its role as a collagen component does not establish standalone clinical skin efficacy
511 · Docusate sodium x constipation relief
Verdict 511 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 4 cited sources
Contrary to its customary stool-softener label, clinical evidence repeatedly fails to show better constipation relief than placebo
512 · Curcumin x adjunctive induction and maintenance of ulcerative-colitis remission
Verdict 512 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 4 cited sources
Adjunctive remission evidence exists with 5-ASA in mild-to-moderate UC, but it is not monotherapy evidence
513 · Soy protein and isolated soy protein x LDL-cholesterol reduction
Verdict 513 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Soy protein modestly lowers LDL, but this must be separated from evidence for preventing cardiovascular events
514 · Fermented oyster extract FGO x height growth in children
Verdict 514 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
A 24-week growth-velocity signal exists, but there is no evidence that FGO increases final adult height
515 · NVP-2106 probiotic blend x memory and cognitive function
Verdict 515 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 4 cited sources
A short-term cognitive-test signal is reported, but this is not evidence for preventing dementia or preserving cognition long term
516 · Viviscal AminoMar x hair density and growth in women
Verdict 516 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 4 cited sources
Hair-measure signals exist, but manufacturer concentration and combination-formula attribution are major limitations
517 · Polygonum multiflorum x hair loss and reversal of gray hair
Verdict 517 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Traditional black-hair use and preclinical signals exist, but direct human efficacy trials do not
518 · Oregano oil from Origanum vulgare x Candida infection or overgrowth
Verdict 518 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Antifungal activity remains preclinical, and human Candida treatment has not been tested directly
519 · Ivy leaf dry extract from Hedera helix x cough in acute bronchitis
Verdict 519 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 4 cited sources
Cough may improve slightly faster, but effects are small and risk of bias is substantial
520 · Oscillococcinum 200C x influenza prevention and symptom duration
Verdict 520 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 4 cited sources
Prevention is null, and the treatment-duration signal is small and low quality
521 · Sodium alginate x gastroesophageal reflux and heartburn
Verdict 521 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 4 cited sources
Evidence supports short-term reflux and heartburn relief, not healing of esophagitis or long-term prevention
522 · Lactulose x chronic constipation
Verdict 522 · Evidence Grade B · 63 · 4 cited sources
It improves bowel frequency and stool consistency but is less favorable than PEG and commonly causes gas and bloating
523 · Fingerroot extract, or panduratin, x body-fat reduction
Verdict 523 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
The verdict is unknown because no publicly verifiable human body-fat efficacy literature was identified beyond a company report
524 · Guggul extract, or guggulipid, x LDL-cholesterol reduction
Verdict 524 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Despite traditional reputation, the most credible trial did not lower LDL and instead increased it
525 · Neumentix spearmint extract x working memory and attention
Verdict 525 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Selected cognitive-test signals exist, but manufacturer concentration and absent independent replication limit confidence
526 · Nitrosigine® x exercise pump, blood flow, endurance, and recovery
Verdict 526 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
Surrogate signals exist, but evidence for actual exercise performance and recovery is weak
527 · NOVAROSE® rose petal extract x skin hydration, wrinkles, and photoaging
Verdict 527 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 2 cited sources
Short-term skin measurements improved, but this is not evidence of actual photoaging prevention
528 · PLAG x enhanced immune function in healthy adults
Verdict 528 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
Changes in immune markers are not the same as improved defense against infections
529 · Sarsaparilla root x blood purification and whole-body detoxification
Verdict 529 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No relevant human efficacy trial was found for blood purification or whole-body detoxification
530 · CMO and cetylated fatty acids x knee-joint pain and function
Verdict 530 · Evidence Grade C · 51 · 4 cited sources
Pain and function signals exist, but the evidence remains small and product-concentrated
531 · Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) x primary biliary cholangitis
Verdict 531 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 5 cited sources
First-line PBC recommendations remain, but randomized survival and transplantation benefits have not been established
532 · Green kiwifruit powder x functional constipation
Verdict 532 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 5 cited sources
Direct bowel outcomes show benefit signals, but Actazin, generic kiwifruit, and other extracts are not interchangeable
533 · Omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy x prevention of preterm birth
Verdict 533 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Evidence for preventing preterm birth is strong, but additional benefit varies with baseline DHA status and dose
534 · MGN-3 and BioBran x natural killer cell activation and cancer-treatment support
Verdict 534 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 5 cited sources
Natural killer cell activation is an immune surrogate and not an actual cancer-treatment or infection-defense outcome
535 · Aquamin marine-algae multimineral x bone density and fracture prevention
Verdict 535 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 4 cited sources
The overall bone-density outcome was null, only exploratory signals remain, and fracture-prevention evidence is absent
536 · L-BAIBA (MitoBurn) x increased metabolic rate and reduced body fat
Verdict 536 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
The exercise-mimetic mechanism is interesting, but the direct human trial did not show increased metabolism or reduced body fat
537 · Bovine adrenal cortex extract x 'adrenal fatigue,' cortisol, and energy
Verdict 537 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
'Adrenal fatigue' is not a recognized diagnosis, and bovine adrenal cortex extract has no human efficacy trial for these claims
538 · Butcher's broom root extract x chronic venous-insufficiency leg symptoms
Verdict 538 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
There is a signal for short-term relief of edema and heaviness, but evidence for combination products cannot be transferred directly to butcher's broom alone
539 · Oral pearl powder x skin lightening, radiance, regeneration, and anti-aging
Verdict 539 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Topical and preclinical pearl research exists, but there is no human trial of oral pearl powder for cosmetic skin benefits
540 · Chia seeds x satiety-mediated weight and body-fat reduction
Verdict 540 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Acute satiety may occur, but direct evidence that chia reduces actual body weight or body fat is null
541 · Does loperamide shorten acute non-bloody diarrhea in adults?
Verdict 541 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Direct symptom-relief outcomes are positive, but independent large-trial confirmation is limited and etiologic treatment and safe patient selection remain separate questions.
542 · Does OM-85 prevent recurrent respiratory infections in children?
Verdict 542 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 4 cited sources
The pediatric recurrent-infection signal does not support broad generalization across ages, diseases, or lysate products.
543 · Do all-nine EAA supplements add muscle mass and strength to resistance training?
Verdict 543 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
A metabolic response does not by itself establish additional visible muscle or strength gains.
544 · Does benfotiamine improve diabetic peripheral neuropathy?
Verdict 544 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 3 cited sources
Subjective pain and symptom findings are limited and conflicting, while long-term objective nerve-function improvement is not supported.
545 · Does vaginal boric acid treat recurrent non-albicans candidiasis?
Verdict 545 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 6 cited sources
This is a low-evidence restricted alternative for difficult non-albicans infection, not a general self-care product for vaginal symptoms.
546 · Acetaminophen x sustained pain and function improvement in knee or hip osteoarthritis
Verdict 546 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 4 cited sources
Despite its historical first-line status, acetaminophen provides clinically unimportant pain and function improvement in chronic knee or hip osteoarthritis
547 · Hoodia gordonii (P57) x appetite suppression and weight loss
Verdict 547 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
Contrary to the traditional-use story, the key human trial found no reduction in food intake or weight and identified safety signals
548 · Graviola (soursop) x cancer prevention, treatment, and adjunctive anticancer use
Verdict 548 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
The small human trial's ex-vivo surrogate was nonsignificant, clinical anticancer outcomes were not tested, and preclinical evidence predominates
549 · Geranylgeraniol (GG) x prevention of statin-related CoQ10 depletion and muscle pain
Verdict 549 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Cell mechanisms exist, but no human study has tested prevention of CoQ10 depletion or muscle pain in statin users
550 · Ox bile extract x improved fat digestion and fat-soluble vitamin absorption after cholecystectomy
Verdict 550 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Bile-acid physiology is plausible, but no human study shows that ox bile improves fat or fat-soluble vitamin absorption after cholecystectomy
551 · N-acetylcarnosine eye drops x reversal or slowed progression of age-related cataract and restoration of vision
Verdict 551 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
Only inventor-led positive claims exist, without independently reliable evidence of cataract reversal or prevention
552 · Mirtogenol combination x lower intraocular pressure and slowed glaucoma progression
Verdict 552 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 4 cited sources
Small studies suggest a lower intraocular-pressure surrogate, but slowed glaucomatous visual-field loss has not been demonstrated
553 · Dihydroberberine x improved postprandial glucose, insulin, and HbA1c
Verdict 553 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Absorption has been studied, but dihydroberberine itself has no human efficacy trial for glucose or HbA1c
554 · Ivy gourd leaf extract x improved glycemia in type 2 diabetes or prediabetes
Verdict 554 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 5 cited sources
Short-term glycemic signals recur, but preparations differ and HbA1c and long-term complication evidence remain limited
555 · Doxylamine x improved sleep onset and maintenance in occasional insomnia
Verdict 555 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 6 cited sources
Doxylamine can help occasional insomnia in the short term, but evidence and safety do not support daily long-term use
556 · Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA, Levagen+®) x sleep-onset latency, sleep quality, and waking experience
Verdict 556 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 2 cited sources
There are signals for falling asleep faster and waking experience, but not evidence for overall sleep quality or insomnia treatment
557 · Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37® x stress, anxiety, and mood
Verdict 557 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 2 cited sources
A limited perceived-stress signal was not reproduced in the larger follow-up trial
558 · American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) x cancer-related fatigue
Verdict 558 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 3 cited sources
Standardized American ginseng 2,000 mg has evidence for eight-week improvement in a specific cancer-related fatigue population
559 · Does LOLA improve cirrhotic hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia?
Verdict 559 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Unlike verdicts 251 and 507 on single L-ornithine for hangover and sleep claims, this verdict addresses the LOLA salt in the disease-treatment setting of cirrhotic hepatic encephalopathy.
560 · Does UDCA improve liver histology and fibrosis in MASH/NASH?
Verdict 560 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 4 cited sources
Unlike verdict 531 on UDCA in primary biliary cholangitis and verdict 252 on the distinct molecule TUDCA in fatty liver, this verdict addresses UDCA for MASH/NASH histology and fibrosis.
561 · elevATP® x increased cellular ATP, vitality, exercise energy, and strength
Verdict 561 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Selected strength and power signals exist in trained men, but they do not establish general vitality or cellular energy
562 · EnXtra® x caffeine-free alertness, attention, and sustained energy
Verdict 562 · Evidence Grade C · 51 · 3 cited sources
Short-term alertness signals exist, but caffeine-free sustained energy and clinically meaningful fatigue relief are not established
563 · Ignatia amara 30C x relief of emotional stress, irritability, and depressed mood
Verdict 563 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 4 cited sources
A 30C preparation contains essentially no source molecules and lacks credible evidence for emotional stress or depressed mood
564 · MitoQ® x longer healthspan and delayed aging through mitochondrial protection
Verdict 564 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
MitoQ targets mitochondria, but delayed human aging and longer healthspan have not been demonstrated
565 · Camu-camu fruit extract x powerful antioxidant activity and healthy aging
Verdict 565 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
Camu-camu is rich in vitamin C, but no long-term clinical evidence shows that it slows human aging
566 · Suma root x increased testosterone, male libido, and vitality
Verdict 566 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Traditional aphrodisiac use and animal findings exist, but no oral efficacy trial in men was identified
567 · Lactobacillus acidophilus YT1 x improved menopausal symptoms and quality of life
Verdict 567 · Evidence Grade C · 53 · 2 cited sources
The 12-week symptom-scale signal is positive, but independent long-term replication of the same strain is needed
568 · Bitter orange p-synephrine x weight loss through thermogenesis and fat burning
Verdict 568 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 4 cited sources
Thermogenic signals did not produce weight loss; blood pressure increased significantly and heart rate showed a nonsignificant upward trend
569 · Velositol x amplified muscle protein synthesis and increased muscle
Verdict 569 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
The acute muscle-protein-synthesis signal has not translated into demonstrated additional muscle gain
570 · Micellar casein x overnight muscle protein synthesis, recovery, and muscle growth
Verdict 570 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 5 cited sources
It supports overnight muscle protein synthesis, but bedtime timing alone does not guarantee additional muscle
571 · MCT oil x improved memory and cognition in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Verdict 571 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
Some short-term cognitive scores may improve, but dementia prevention or slower progression has not been established
572 · Bovine thymus glandular x T-cell activation, immune enhancement, and infection prevention
Verdict 572 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Human efficacy of ordinary bovine thymus glandular for immune enhancement or infection prevention has not been tested
573 · Almonds x lower LDL cholesterol and reduced heart-disease risk
Verdict 573 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 4 cited sources
LDL falls modestly, but almond-only prevention of clinical heart-disease events remains unproven
574 · Prunes x maintained postmenopausal bone density and prevention of osteoporosis and fractures
Verdict 574 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Some bone-density preservation is possible, but fracture prevention has not been established
575 · Fennel seed extract x reduced pain and analgesic use in primary dysmenorrhea
Verdict 575 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Short-term dysmenorrhea pain may improve, but NSAID equivalence and reduced analgesic use are not established
576 · Senna leaf and sennosides x improved bowel-movement frequency and symptoms in adults with chronic functional constipation
Verdict 576 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Senna improves chronic constipation but cramping, diarrhea, and continuous long-term use require caution
577 · Oral homeopathic Arnica montana 30C x reduced bruising, contusions, post-exercise soreness, and swelling
Verdict 577 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
Oral Arnica 30C has repeatedly failed to reduce bruising, soreness, or swelling beyond placebo
578 · Yerba mate extract x reduced body weight, body fat, and waist circumference
Verdict 578 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Yerba mate has a limited body-fat signal, but weight and waist effects are inconsistent
579 · Carbohydrate-electrolyte sports drink x improved performance and hydration during endurance exercise lasting at least one hour
Verdict 579 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 4 cited sources
Sports drinks can help prolonged endurance exercise, but water is usually enough for shorter routine activity
580 · ZMA complex x increased testosterone, muscle mass, and vitality in healthy men
Verdict 580 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
ZMA has repeatedly failed to raise testosterone or muscle in nutrient-replete healthy men
581 · Trehalose ophthalmic solution x improvement of dry-eye symptoms and tear-film stability
Verdict 581 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Symptoms and corneal staining can improve, but increased tear production and long-term disease modification are not established
582 · DDB x improved liver-disease progression and prognosis through ALT normalization
Verdict 582 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
A lower liver-enzyme value is not the same as slower liver-disease progression or better survival
583 · Diphenhydramine x improved sleep onset, maintenance, and restorative sleep in chronic insomnia
Verdict 583 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 4 cited sources
It can cause drowsiness, but it is not recommended as a clinically meaningful treatment for chronic sleep-onset or sleep-maintenance insomnia
584 · Zolpidem x shorter sleep latency and increased total sleep time in short-term insomnia
Verdict 584 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
It improves short-term sleep onset and duration, but this does not establish long-term recovery or risk-free use
585 · Baobab fruit powder x suppression of the postprandial rise in blood glucose
Verdict 585 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 3 cited sources
A single-meal glucose-curve signal in healthy adults does not establish long-term diabetes control or fewer complications
586 · Bach Rescue Remedy x relief of acute stress and test anxiety
Verdict 586 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 5 cited sources
The ritual may feel calming, but the flower essence itself has not outperformed placebo
587 · Fermented Prunus mume vinegar x improvement of unexplained fatigue and vitality
Verdict 587 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Fermented Prunus mume vinegar did not improve fatigue or vitality beyond placebo in its direct clinical trial
588 · Oral salmon-derived PDRN x cell regeneration, skin rejuvenation, and delayed aging
Verdict 588 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Evidence for injected PDRN in wound healing cannot be converted into evidence for ingestible PDRN in skin rejuvenation
589 · Metformin x delayed aging and extended healthspan in healthy people without diabetes
Verdict 589 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Established efficacy as a diabetes medicine is not evidence that metformin extends lifespan in healthy people
590 · Tadalafil 5 mg once daily x improved urinary symptoms and quality of life in BPH or LUTS
Verdict 590 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 5 cited sources
Tadalafil improves urinary symptoms and quality of life but does not shrink the prostate or prevent progression
591 · Diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution x dry-eye symptom improvement
Verdict 591 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 4 cited sources
Prescription diquafosol improves short-term dry-eye measures and some symptoms, but long-term disease modification is unproven
592 · Cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion x inflammatory dry-eye improvement
Verdict 592 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
Cyclosporine eye drops help some inflammatory dry-eye patients, but onset is slow and symptom response is inconsistent
593 · Acarbose x reduced postprandial glucose and HbA1c
Verdict 593 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 6 cited sources
Acarbose modestly lowers postprandial glucose and HbA1c, but it does not erase carbohydrates or prevent cardiovascular complications
594 · Dangjo pepper dried powder x suppression of postprandial glucose rise
Verdict 594 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
Dangjo pepper powder has a short-term postprandial glucose signal, but HbA1c improvement and diabetes-treatment efficacy are unproven
595 · Probiotics-fermented garlic extract x improved liver enzymes and liver health
Verdict 595 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
Fermented garlic extract has limited liver-enzyme signals but has not been shown to improve fatty liver or clinical liver disease
596 · Freeze-dried bovine liver glandular x liver detoxification and function support
Verdict 596 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Apart from its nutrient content, human liver-function and detoxification efficacy of oral bovine liver glandular has not been tested
597 · Esketamine nasal spray x rapid improvement of treatment-resistant depression
Verdict 597 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 7 cited sources
Esketamine nasal spray is supervised combination treatment for selected patients with treatment-resistant depression, not a general mood booster
598 · Guarana seed extract x longer-lasting energy and chronic-fatigue improvement
Verdict 598 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 5 cited sources
Guarana can be a caffeine source, but longer-lasting energy than caffeine and treatment of chronic fatigue have not been demonstrated
599 · Lemborexant x improved sleep onset and maintenance in insomnia
Verdict 599 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 5 cited sources
Lemborexant improves sleep onset and maintenance in insomnia, but it is a prescription drug with next-day somnolence and driving precautions
600 · Coffea cruda 30C x relief of racing-thought insomnia
Verdict 600 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
No source molecule is expected in Coffea cruda 30C, and insomnia relief has not been demonstrated beyond placebo
601 · Rebamipide eye drops x improvement of dry-eye symptoms and corneoconjunctival epithelial damage
Verdict 601 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 4 cited sources
Rebamipide may improve short-term dry-eye symptoms and epithelial measures, but long-term quality-of-life outcomes are unproven
602 · Pirenoxine eye drops x slowing progression of early senile cataract
Verdict 602 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Pirenoxine is authorized to slow cataract progression, but reliable evidence for preserving vision or delaying surgery is inadequate
603 · Escitalopram x symptom response and remission in major depressive disorder
Verdict 603 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 4 cited sources
Escitalopram increases the chance of response and remission in major depression, but average benefit is limited and safety monitoring is essential
604 · Theobromine x gentler and longer-lasting alertness and energy than caffeine
Verdict 604 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
Theobromine has a long half-life, but human trials do not confirm gentler, longer-lasting standalone alertness
605 · Oral methylene blue x brain mitochondrial activation, mental energy, and focus
Verdict 605 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 4 cited sources
Evidence for mental energy or focus in healthy people is limited to a tiny single-dose study, with serious interaction and hemolysis risks
606 · Metadoxine x accelerated alcoholic fatty-liver recovery and liver-enzyme normalization
Verdict 606 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
Metadoxine may accelerate enzyme and ultrasound recovery, but it neither replaces abstinence nor has proven improvement in long-term prognosis
607 · Pioglitazone x MASH/NASH resolution and improved fibrosis and histology
Verdict 607 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 4 cited sources
Biopsy-confirmed NASH resolution and histologic improvement are replicated, but reduced liver failure or mortality and the overall safety balance remain uncertain
608 · Empagliflozin x type 2 diabetes control and reduced cardiovascular and kidney events
Verdict 608 · Evidence Grade A · 85 · 4 cited sources
Beyond lowering glucose, large outcome trials establish reduced heart-failure hospitalization and kidney disease progression in indicated patients, while cardiovascular-death effects differ across populations
609 · Low-dose quetiapine x improved sleep onset and maintenance in primary insomnia
Verdict 609 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 4 cited sources
The direct primary-insomnia evidence is a single randomized trial with 13 completers. Total sleep time was MD +52.68 minutes (95% CI -27.27 to 132.6), sleep-latency reduction was MD 72.44 minutes (-2.65 to 147.5), and satisfaction was MD 6.16 (-12.32 to 24.64), leaving room for large benefit. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 35 points, not F.
610 · 5-Amino-1MQ x NNMT inhibition for fat loss and increased metabolic rate
Verdict 610 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Mouse studies show body-fat and metabolic signals, but no human efficacy, dosing, or safety evidence permits a verdict
611 · Buspirone x relief of persistent anxiety and tension in generalized anxiety disorder
Verdict 611 · Evidence Grade B · 65 · 4 cited sources
Buspirone works for persistent anxiety in generalized anxiety disorder, but it is not an immediate sedative and long-term evidence is limited
612 · Albizia julibrissin bark x relief of depressed mood and mood elevation
Verdict 612 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Animal and formula evidence exists, but no trial shows that single-ingredient Albizia bark relieves depression in humans
613 · CMC eye drops x improvement of dry-eye symptoms, irritation, and tear-film instability
Verdict 613 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
CMC lubrication can temporarily relieve dry-eye irritation, but evidence does not show treatment of inflammation or disease progression
614 · Bromelain x reduction of vitreous floaters
Verdict 614 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Mixed-fruit-enzyme studies exist, but no independent clinical evidence shows that bromelain alone reduces floaters
615 · Semaglutide x lower HbA1c and reduced MACE in high-risk type 2 diabetes
Verdict 615 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 5 cited sources
Large outcome trials repeatedly show substantial glucose lowering and fewer major cardiovascular events in high-risk type 2 diabetes
616 · Voglibose x prevention of diabetic and cardiovascular complications
Verdict 616 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 4 cited sources
Voglibose has a signal for delaying prediabetes progression, but prevention of diabetic and cardiovascular complications is not established
617 · Modafinil x improved mental energy, alertness, and focus in healthy people
Verdict 617 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 5 cited sources
Modafinil can maintain wakefulness during sleep pressure, but evidence for reliable mental-energy and focus enhancement in healthy people is limited
618 · Rifaximin x reduced hepatic-encephalopathy recurrence and related hospitalization
Verdict 618 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 5 cited sources
Rifaximin reduces recurrent hepatic encephalopathy and related hospitalization, but the evidence mainly represents the 550-mg regimen added to lactulose
619 · Eszopiclone x improved sleep onset, maintenance, and total sleep time in chronic insomnia
Verdict 619 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 5 cited sources
Eszopiclone improves sleep onset and maintenance, but average gains are measured in tens of minutes and dependence, next-day, and complex-sleep-behavior risks remain
620 · Hyland's Calms Forté x relief of stress-related insomnia and restlessness without next-day drowsiness
Verdict 620 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 4 cited sources
The official label acknowledges no scientific efficacy evidence, and no product trial establishes restful sleep, relief of restlessness, or freedom from next-day drowsiness
621 · Denosumab x fracture reduction in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Verdict 621 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Denosumab substantially reduces actual fractures, but single-manufacturer pivotal evidence and rebound fractures after stopping both matter
622 · Dexamethasone x lower 28-day mortality in severe hospitalized COVID-19
Verdict 622 · Evidence Grade A · 94 · 3 cited sources
Dexamethasone improves survival in hospitalized patients needing oxygen or ventilation, but not as mild-disease or preventive self-treatment
623 · Tranexamic acid x reduced blood loss in idiopathic or functional heavy menstrual bleeding
Verdict 623 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Tranexamic acid reliably reduces functional heavy menstrual bleeding, but the cause and thrombotic and visual risks must be assessed first
624 · Low-dose aspirin x cardiovascular primary prevention in healthy older adults
Verdict 624 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 3 cited sources
Routine aspirin did not prevent first cardiovascular events in healthy older adults and increased major bleeding
625 · Sirolimus or rapamycin x delayed human aging and longer lifespan
Verdict 625 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Animal lifespan signals are strong, but no efficacy trial shows longer human lifespan or healthspan
626 · Lecanemab x slowing cognitive and functional decline in early Alzheimer's disease
Verdict 626 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Lecanemab modestly slows progression in early Alzheimer's disease but does not restore memory or stop dementia
627 · Acetazolamide x prevention of acute mountain sickness
Verdict 627 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Acetazolamide robustly lowers acute mountain sickness risk but cannot replace gradual ascent or descent when illness worsens
628 · Benzoyl peroxide x reduction of mild to moderate acne lesions
Verdict 628 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 2 cited sources
Benzoyl peroxide reduces mild to moderate acne lesions but does not independently resolve severe nodular acne or scarring
629 · Sildenafil x improved erectile function and intercourse success
Verdict 629 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Sildenafil markedly improves erections and intercourse success but is not an aphrodisiac and must never be combined with nitrates
630 · Inclisiran x LDL-C lowering and prevention of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke
Verdict 630 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
Inclisiran lowers LDL cholesterol by about 50%, but prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke awaits definitive outcomes-trial results
631 · Tirzepatide x long-term weight loss in adults with obesity or overweight
Verdict 631 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 5 cited sources
Long-term weight loss is large, but continued treatment matters and clinical outcomes remain separate
632 · Alendronate x prevention of recurrent fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Verdict 632 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
It directly prevents recurrent fractures in high-risk patients, while duration and safety management remain separate
633 · Varenicline x smoking cessation for at least six months with behavioral support
Verdict 633 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 4 cited sources
It reliably increases long-term quitting with behavioral support, while relapse and adverse effects still require management
634 · Donepezil x prevention of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease
Verdict 634 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Only one long-term 769-participant trial directly assessed progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease; the three-year HR was 0.80 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.13). It allows a 43% risk reduction, and the first year showed a positive signal, HR 0.42 (0.24 to 0.76). Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 30 points, not F.
635 · Topical GHK-Cu scalp serum x hair regrowth in male and female pattern hair loss
Verdict 635 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
The scalp-regrowth mechanism is plausible, but human efficacy of the pure ingredient in pattern hair loss is unproven
636 · 5α-Hydroxy-laxogenin x increased muscle mass and strength
Verdict 636 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
No clinical trial shows increased human muscle mass or strength, and product contents and safety are uncertain
637 · Thymosin alpha 1 x improved cancer survival and disease-free survival
Verdict 637 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 2 cited sources
Human survival estimates favor benefit, but longer overall or disease-free survival remains unconfirmed
638 · Low-dose atropine 0.05% x slowed childhood myopia progression and axial elongation
Verdict 638 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 4 cited sources
Atropine 0.05% slows childhood myopia progression but does not restore vision or cure myopia
639 · Prucalopride x normalized spontaneous complete bowel movements in laxative-refractory chronic constipation
Verdict 639 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 3 cited sources
Prucalopride increases complete bowel movements in some patients but does not normalize motility or cure everyone
640 · Hydroxychloroquine x reduced ventilation and 28-day mortality in hospitalized COVID-19
Verdict 640 · Evidence Grade F · 4 · 4 cited sources
Hydroxychloroquine did not reduce death or ventilation in hospitalized COVID-19 and worsened some clinical outcomes
641 · Nicotine replacement therapy x improved long-term smoking-cessation success
Verdict 641 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 3 cited sources
Nicotine gum and patches reliably improve long-term quit rates, while combination treatment and behavioral support can raise success further
642 · Topical minoxidil 5% x hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia
Verdict 642 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 4 cited sources
Topical minoxidil can produce partial regrowth in androgenetic alopecia, but it is not complete restoration and continued use is required
643 · Orlistat 120 mg x long-term weight loss with diet
Verdict 643 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 4 cited sources
Orlistat adds long-term weight loss to dietary treatment, but the average benefit is only a few kilograms and gastrointestinal effects limit adherence
644 · Marine-derived plasmalogens x memory and global cognition in mild cognitive impairment
Verdict 644 · Evidence Grade D · 26 · 2 cited sources
The pivotal overall cognitive results were null, leaving only subgroup signals and no established memory benefit for MCI
645 · Nirsevimab x prevention of infant hospitalization during the first RSV season
Verdict 645 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Nirsevimab greatly reduces infant hospitalization during the first RSV season, but evidence remains concentrated in manufacturer trials and one-season follow-up
646 · Ketotifen eye drops x relief of itching and tearing from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Verdict 646 · Evidence Grade B · 69 · 2 cited sources
Ketotifen helps short-term itching and tearing from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis but is not a universal red-eye or disease-modifying treatment
647 · Evolocumab x reduced recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke in ASCVD
Verdict 647 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 4 cited sources
Evolocumab reduces recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke in high-risk statin-treated ASCVD, but cardiovascular-mortality benefit remains unclear
648 · Finerenone x reduced kidney and cardiovascular events in albuminuric CKD with type 2 diabetes
Verdict 648 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 3 cited sources
Finerenone reduces kidney and cardiovascular events in albuminuric CKD with type 2 diabetes, with mandatory potassium and kidney-function monitoring
649 · Topical castor oil x hair growth and reversal of hair loss
Verdict 649 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Hair luster and hair growth are different claims, and controlled human trials do not establish castor oil as a hair-growth or hair-loss-reversal treatment
650 · Copper bracelet x relief of rheumatoid-arthritis pain and inflammation
Verdict 650 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 3 cited sources
Copper bracelets do not improve rheumatoid-arthritis pain, inflammation, or function beyond placebo and cannot replace standard treatment
651 · Recombinant zoster vaccine x prevention of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in adults aged 50 years or older
Verdict 651 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Prevention is exceptionally strong, but manufacturer concentration keeps the verdict at upper B
652 · Tenofovir disoproxil x viral suppression and fibrosis improvement in chronic hepatitis B
Verdict 652 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 3 cited sources
Viral suppression and fibrosis improvement are strong, but cancer and mortality reduction are not established to the same standard
653 · Dienogest x reduction of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea
Verdict 653 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 3 cited sources
Pain relief is established, but it is not the same as curing lesions or improving pregnancy success
654 · Bifidobacterium longum 1714 x reduced stress, anxiety responses, and cortisol
Verdict 654 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Laboratory signals exist, but everyday stress and anxiety benefit and finished-product attribution remain uncertain
655 · Fortetropin x myostatin inhibition, muscle and strength gain, and prevention of muscle loss
Verdict 655 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 3 cited sources
Changing myostatin did not translate into preserved human muscle or strength
656 · Reduced NMN (NMNH) x delayed aging, improved cellular energy, and longer healthspan through a surge in NAD⁺
Verdict 656 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Reduced NMN, or NMNH, has not yet established efficacy or long-term safety in humans
657 · Magnesium malate x reduced fibromyalgia fatigue and pain and increased cellular ATP
Verdict 657 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
Magnesium malate did not establish fibromyalgia efficacy in its small placebo-controlled trial
658 · Oral phenylephrine x relief of nasal congestion from a cold or allergic rhinitis
Verdict 658 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 4 cited sources
Oral phenylephrine at recommended doses does not relieve congestion better than placebo
659 · Apixaban x prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Verdict 659 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Apixaban strongly prevents stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, while bleeding and discontinuation risks require active management
660 · Finasteride 5 mg x reduced benign prostatic hyperplasia progression, acute urinary retention, and surgery risk
Verdict 660 · Evidence Grade A · 82 · 4 cited sources
Finasteride 5 mg reduces long-term progression, retention, and surgery in enlarged prostates but is not a rapid urinary-relief drug
661 · Low-dose colchicine x reduced recurrent cardiovascular events in coronary disease
Verdict 661 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 4 cited sources
Low-dose colchicine can reduce major cardiovascular events in coronary disease, but acute-setting results conflict and mortality reduction is not established
662 · Simethicone x reduced crying from infantile colic
Verdict 662 · Evidence Grade F · 15 · 3 cited sources
Simethicone is generally safe but does not reduce infantile-colic crying or symptoms beyond placebo
663 · Mimosa pudica seed x intestinal parasite removal and gut cleanse or detox
Verdict 663 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No human efficacy trial was found for parasite removal or detoxification with Mimosa pudica seed
664 · Phentermine x long-term weight loss and maintenance
Verdict 664 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 5 cited sources
Phentermine has short- and medium-term weight-loss evidence, but monotherapy beyond one year and maintenance after discontinuation remain unproven
665 · Oral AnaGain Nu pea sprout extract x reduced hair loss and increased hair growth
Verdict 665 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
The oral AnaGain Nu claim for reduced hair loss and hair growth has not been validated beyond one manufacturer-authored uncontrolled pilot
666 · Oseltamivir x shorter influenza symptoms and fewer hospitalizations or severe complications
Verdict 666 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Influenza symptoms may end about a day earlier, but fewer hospitalizations or severe complications have not been established
667 · Vortioxetine x cognitive and processing-speed improvement independent of depression improvement
Verdict 667 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 4 cited sources
Processing speed and cognitive tests improve short term in depression, but long-term daily-function benefit remains unknown
668 · Clomiphene citrate x improved pregnancy and live-birth rates in male infertility
Verdict 668 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Signals in sperm or hormone measures have not translated into proven pregnancy or live-birth improvement in male infertility
669 · Latanoprost x slower progression of visual-field loss in open-angle glaucoma
Verdict 669 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Latanoprost slows visual-field deterioration as well as pressure, but independent long-term blindness-prevention replication is limited
670 · Topical diclofenac x reduced pain and improved function in knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 670 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 5 cited sources
Knee osteoarthritis pain and function improve short term, without proving cartilage regeneration or indefinite persistence
671 · 2′-Fucosyllactose x improved adult gut microbiota and IBS symptoms
Verdict 671 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Adult gut microbiota may shift, but improvement of IBS symptoms has not been demonstrated
672 · Turkey tail fruiting-body capsules x immunity and cancer prevention or treatment support
Verdict 672 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
PSK research does not establish immune or anticancer efficacy for ordinary turkey tail fruiting-body capsules
673 · Catuaba bark x increased male libido, erectile function, and testosterone
Verdict 673 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No human efficacy trial was found for single-ingredient catuaba in male sexual function
674 · Redensyl scalp ampoules x reduced hair loss and increased hair density
Verdict 674 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Small combination-product studies of short-term hair counts do not establish Redensyl-only efficacy for hair loss
675 · Triazolam x short-term improvement of sleep onset in adult insomnia
Verdict 675 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 4 cited sources
Triazolam helps short-term sleep onset, but dependence, rebound, and withdrawal prevent extension to long-term therapy
676 · Sodium hyaluronate eye drops x improvement of dry-eye symptoms and tear-film stability
Verdict 676 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
These drops can provide temporary dry-eye lubrication, but they are not clearly superior to other artificial tears and have not been shown to treat the underlying disease
677 · Virgin coconut oil x weight and body-fat reduction and metabolic enhancement
Verdict 677 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 3 cited sources
Coconut oil is not purified MCT oil, and pooled clinical trials do not show clinically meaningful weight or fat loss
678 · OxyStorm red spinach extract x nitric oxide and exercise performance
Verdict 678 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
Some exercise-test signals exist, but small branded-ingredient studies do not establish a reliable endurance or competition-performance benefit
679 · Arjuna bark x angina, exercise tolerance, and cardiac function
Verdict 679 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 3 cited sources
Short-term angina and exercise-test signals exist, but small weak studies do not establish replacement of standard care or fewer heart attacks or deaths
680 · Dong quai x menopausal hot flashes and female hormone balance
Verdict 680 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Single-ingredient dong quai did not improve hot flashes or estrogenic measures in a direct clinical trial
681 · Simvastatin x reduced major vascular events and vascular death in high-risk patients
Verdict 681 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 2 cited sources
Simvastatin reliably reduces myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death in people at high cardiovascular risk
682 · Romosozumab x fracture prevention in high-risk postmenopausal osteoporosis
Verdict 682 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
Sequential romosozumab therapy reduces actual fractures in high-risk postmenopausal women but requires cardiovascular risk screening
683 · Baloxavir marboxil x reduced household influenza transmission after one dose in the index patient
Verdict 683 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
One dose taken by the infected person reduced laboratory-confirmed infection in contacts but did not establish prevention of symptomatic influenza
684 · Vibegron x improved frequency, urgency, and urgency urinary incontinence in overactive bladder
Verdict 684 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 3 cited sources
Vibegron reduces frequency, urgency, and urgency urinary incontinence in overactive bladder but is not a cure
685 · Baricitinib x scalp hair regrowth in severe alopecia areata
Verdict 685 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Baricitinib produces substantial regrowth in some patients with severe alopecia areata but is not a cure and requires ongoing treatment and serious safety review
686 · Faricimab x vision maintenance and extended dosing in wet age-related macular degeneration
Verdict 686 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
It does not mean better vision, but some patients can maintain similar vision with longer injection intervals
687 · Tianeptine x depressive symptoms, response, and remission in major depressive disorder
Verdict 687 · Evidence Grade B · 61 · 4 cited sources
Antidepressant efficacy is supported by limited old studies, while high-dose misuse creates a separate major risk
688 · Senactiv x high-intensity exercise endurance and muscle recovery
Verdict 688 · Evidence Grade D · 26 · 2 cited sources
Ingredient and combination-product signals cannot be attributed to Senactiv alone as an endurance or recovery effect
689 · Freeze-dried bovine orchic glandular x testosterone, libido, and male vitality
Verdict 689 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
The source material is bovine testicle powder, but no human trial shows that it raises testosterone or improves sexual function
690 · Glonoinum 30C x rapid relief of menopausal hot flashes and headache
Verdict 690 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 4 cited sources
A hot-flash and headache statement on the label does not provide evidence of a rapid specific effect from the 30C ultra-dilute product
691 · Nine-valent HPV vaccine x prevention of vaccine-type persistent infection and high-grade precancer
Verdict 691 · Evidence Grade A · 91 · 3 cited sources
Protection against new vaccine-type infection and high-grade precancer is strong, but the vaccine does not treat established HPV infection
692 · Dapagliflozin x reduced composite risk of worsening heart failure, hospitalization, and cardiovascular death
Verdict 692 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
The composite risk, driven by worsening heart failure and hospitalization, falls, but the result should not be expanded to certain cardiovascular-mortality benefit alone
693 · Teriparatide x prevention of new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in high-risk osteoporosis
Verdict 693 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
Teriparatide reduces vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in high-risk osteoporosis, but hip-fracture and long-term evidence is thinner
694 · Dutasteride x increased hair count and width in male androgenetic alopecia
Verdict 694 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Hair count and width improve over about 24 weeks, but long-term persistence and patient-important outcomes remain limited
695 · Betahistine x reduced frequency of vertigo attacks in Ménière's disease
Verdict 695 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
The largest trial did not reduce attack frequency, and old positive studies are too weak to overturn that result
696 · Caralluma fimbriata extract x weight loss through reduced appetite and waist circumference
Verdict 696 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 4 cited sources
Direct human trials and quantitative synthesis show no weight loss, with only weak waist and hunger signals
697 · AstraGin x maximized muscle function and exercise effects through increased protein and creatine absorption
Verdict 697 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Plasma amino-acid signals do not establish enhanced creatine uptake or long-term muscle and performance benefits
698 · Goat's rue x increased breast-milk production in lactating women
Verdict 698 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Positive combination-product findings do not establish milk-production efficacy for goat's rue capsules alone
699 · Triphala x improved bowel frequency and completeness in chronic or functional constipation
Verdict 699 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Improvement with a senna and psyllium combination does not establish standalone Triphala efficacy for chronic constipation
700 · Azithromycin x reduced hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and death in patients with COVID-19
Verdict 700 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 4 cited sources
The inpatient and outpatient trials differed in populations and primary endpoints and cannot be pooled as repeated refutation of one endpoint. Randomized mortality evidence had OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.08), while ATOMIC2 hospitalization or death had OR 0.91 (0.43 to 1.92), leaving room for meaningful benefit. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 25 points, not F.
701 · Fluoride toothpaste x prevention of caries in primary and permanent teeth
Verdict 701 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 3 cited sources
Standard fluoride toothpaste consistently prevents more caries in primary and permanent teeth than non-fluoride toothpaste
702 · Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir x reduced hospitalization and death in early high-risk COVID-19
Verdict 702 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 3 cited sources
Benefit was large in early unvaccinated high-risk disease, but contemporary vaccinated populations have a smaller and uncertain absolute benefit
703 · Ezetimibe x reduced recurrent cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome
Verdict 703 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Adding ezetimibe to a statin after acute coronary syndrome modestly reduces events, but evidence is concentrated in one large composite-endpoint trial
704 · Levonorgestrel x emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse
Verdict 704 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Levonorgestrel lowers pregnancy risk when taken promptly after unprotected intercourse, but it is not completely effective
705 · Allopurinol x prevention of CKD progression in asymptomatic hyperuricemia
Verdict 705 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 4 cited sources
Allopurinol lowers urate, but kidney protection in gout-free CKD has been repeatedly refuted
706 · Mullein leaf x lung cleansing, phlegm clearance, and respiratory health
Verdict 706 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No human efficacy trial was identified that establishes lung cleansing, expectoration, or respiratory improvement from mullein leaf
707 · Black walnut–wormwood–clove complex x intestinal parasite removal
Verdict 707 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Human clinical trials have not established intestinal-parasite removal by a black walnut–wormwood–clove complex
708 · Arachidonic acid x increased muscle mass, strength, and muscle protein synthesis with resistance training
Verdict 708 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
Additional muscle-mass and strength effects of arachidonic acid conflict across small trials, and acute muscle protein synthesis was not increased
709 · Extended-release naltrexone/bupropion x one-year weight loss in adults with obesity
Verdict 709 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 4 cited sources
Contrave adds one-year weight loss to lifestyle intervention, but attrition, contraindications, and unresolved cardiovascular outcomes remain important
710 · Ketoconazole shampoo x reduced scalp seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, itching, and recurrence
Verdict 710 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 4 cited sources
Ketoconazole shampoo reduces scalp seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff and lowers relapse during maintenance, but it is not a permanent cure or an established hair-loss treatment
711 · Zoledronic acid x prevention of vertebral, hip, and nonvertebral fractures in osteoporosis
Verdict 711 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 3 cited sources
Zoledronic acid reduces actual fractures in high-risk osteoporosis, but renal function, calcium status, and long-term safety require review before infusion
712 · PCV20 x prevention of vaccine-serotype invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia
Verdict 712 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 4 cited sources
PCV20 produces strong functional antibody responses, but its adult disease-prevention magnitude is inferred through immunobridging
713 · Ivermectin x reduced hospitalization, death, and recovery time in early COVID-19
Verdict 713 · Evidence Grade F · 6 · 4 cited sources
Ivermectin treats parasitic infections, but repeated high-quality trials refute improvements in hospitalization, death, or recovery in early COVID-19
714 · Enavogliflozin x improved HbA1c and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 714 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Enavogliflozin lowers HbA1c and glucose, but long-term cardiovascular and kidney protection has not been directly demonstrated for this molecule
715 · Fenofibrate x additional cardiovascular-event prevention in statin-treated type 2 diabetes
Verdict 715 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 4 cited sources
Fenofibrate lowers triglycerides but did not provide additional major cardiovascular-event reduction for most statin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes
716 · Bovine thyroid glandular x improved energy, metabolism, and fatigue
Verdict 716 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Human efficacy trials are absent, while thyroid hormone has been detected in some products regardless of labeling
717 · Citicoline x improved age-related memory and cognitive function
Verdict 717 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Some memory-task signals exist, but full-sample primary-outcome success and independent replication are absent
718 · Tibolone x relief of postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms
Verdict 718 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 4 cited sources
Tibolone reduces hot flashes and night sweats, but prescribing must account for age, cancer, thrombosis, and stroke risk
719 · Dapoxetine x improved IELT, ejaculatory control, and sexual satisfaction in premature ejaculation
Verdict 719 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 4 cited sources
Ejaculatory control and satisfaction improve, but the average placebo-adjusted absolute IELT gain is about one to two minutes
720 · Povidone-iodine gargle or throat spray x prevention of colds, COVID-19 infection, and severe disease
Verdict 720 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 4 cited sources
A special dormitory trial signals fewer COVID-19 infections, but prevention of common colds and severe disease is unproven
721 · Seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine x prevention of symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza
Verdict 721 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
The vaccine directly lowers confirmed influenza risk, but effect size varies by season and strain match
722 · Atogepant x reduction in monthly migraine days in adults with episodic or chronic migraine
Verdict 722 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 2 cited sources
Monthly migraine days fall in both episodic and chronic migraine, but evidence is concentrated in 12-week manufacturer trials
723 · Tegoprazan x faster and superior heartburn relief and erosive-esophagitis healing versus proton-pump inhibitors
Verdict 723 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Erosive-esophagitis healing is clear, but broad claims of faster and superior performance over PPIs remain limited
724 · Low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin x fewer major cardiovascular events in stable coronary or peripheral artery disease
Verdict 724 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Major cardiovascular events fall, but major bleeding rises, so ischemic and bleeding risks must be weighed together
725 · Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol 24/4 x improved PMDD symptoms and daily functioning
Verdict 725 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 3 cited sources
PMDD symptoms and functioning improve, but placebo response is large and long-term or active-comparator evidence is limited
726 · Hydroxyapatite toothpaste x enamel remineralization and caries prevention
Verdict 726 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
A promising alternative when fluoride is unsuitable, but its evidence base is not as large as that for fluoride toothpaste
727 · Lactoferrin x reduced visceral fat, abdominal fat, and body weight
Verdict 727 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
A small short-term signal exists for a specific enteric tablet, not for lactoferrin supplements in general
728 · HICA x muscle gain, anticatabolic effects, and exercise recovery
Verdict 728 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
A small early positive trial was not reproduced by a larger follow-up study of muscle and performance
729 · Agaricus blazei extract x cancer prevention, reduced recurrence, and prolonged survival
Verdict 729 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Immune-marker studies cannot be converted into evidence of cancer prevention, reduced recurrence, or longer survival
730 · Pregabalin x pain and function in acute and chronic sciatica
Verdict 730 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
PRECISE found a difference of 0.5 points at eight weeks (95% CI -0.2 to 1.2) and 0.3 points at 52 weeks (-0.5 to 1.0), but the Baron trial HR was 0.874 (0.520 to 1.470), leaving room for substantial benefit, and no pregabalin-only pooled interval was verified. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 25 points, not F.
731 · Oral rotavirus vaccine x prevention of severe infant gastroenteritis and hospitalization
Verdict 731 · Evidence Grade A · 91 · 5 cited sources
These vaccines strongly reduce severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and hospitalization in infants but do not prevent every cause of diarrhea
732 · Sacubitril/valsartan x lower cardiovascular death and heart-failure hospitalization in HFrEF
Verdict 732 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 3 cited sources
Sacubitril/valsartan reduces cardiovascular death and heart-failure hospitalization in HFrEF but cannot automatically be generalized to other heart-failure settings
733 · Galantamine x delayed cognitive and daily-function decline in Alzheimer's dementia
Verdict 733 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Galantamine modestly delays cognitive and daily-function decline in Alzheimer's dementia but does not stop the disease or prevent conversion from mild cognitive impairment
734 · Vaginal estriol x relief of GSM dryness, pain, and dyspareunia
Verdict 734 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Vaginal estriol can relieve vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in GSM but is not supported as treatment for systemic menopausal symptoms
735 · Famotidine x heartburn and reflux relief plus erosive-esophagitis healing
Verdict 735 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 4 cited sources
Famotidine relieves heartburn and improves erosive-esophagitis healing but is not stronger than PPIs and does develop tolerance with repeated dosing
736 · Stabilized oxaloacetate x reduced physical and mental fatigue in ME/CFS
Verdict 736 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 3 cited sources
A high-dose single randomized trial found a fatigue signal, but the main comparison and independent replication are weak and the result cannot be transferred to 100-mg products
737 · Sinetrol XPur x reduced body fat, waist circumference, and weight in adults with overweight
Verdict 737 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Short-term body-composition signals have repeated, but developer-linked evidence and several null comparisons prevent treating it as a proven weight-loss agent
738 · Ursolic acid x increased muscle mass and strength during resistance training
Verdict 738 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
A tiny pilot found selected strength signals, but lean mass did not rise and a follow-up double-blind trial reproduced no added muscle or strength benefit
739 · Nux vomica 30C x relief of heartburn and dyspepsia
Verdict 739 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
A 30C product effectively contains no source material, and neither direct gastrointestinal trials nor class-level homeopathy evidence supports benefit beyond placebo
740 · Cistanche extract x delayed human aging and extended healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 740 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Animal lifespan signals exist, but no clinical literature has tested human healthspan, mortality, or lifespan
741 · Atorvastatin x additional reduction of major cardiovascular events in coronary disease
Verdict 741 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 3 cited sources
High-intensity atorvastatin further reduces major cardiovascular events in established coronary disease
742 · Dupilumab x EASI-75 and pruritus improvement in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Verdict 742 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 2 cited sources
Dupilumab significantly improves lesions and pruritus in repeated phase 3 trials of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
743 · Fremanezumab x prevention of episodic and chronic migraine
Verdict 743 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 2 cited sources
Fremanezumab reduces monthly migraine or headache days by about one to two more than placebo in episodic and chronic migraine
744 · Ulipristal acetate x emergency contraception within 120 hours
Verdict 744 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 3 cited sources
Taken as soon as possible within 120 hours after unprotected intercourse, ulipristal lowers pregnancy risk
745 · Mirodenafil x improved IIEF and intercourse success in erectile dysfunction
Verdict 745 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Short Korean trials improved self-reported erectile function and intercourse success, but evidence size and independence are limited
746 · Colchicine x reduced hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and 28-day mortality in COVID-19
Verdict 746 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 4 cited sources
Colchicine did not reduce COVID-19 hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or mortality, and WHO recommends against its use
747 · Acarbose x delayed aging and extended healthspan and lifespan in healthy people without diabetes
Verdict 747 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Acarbose extended lifespan in mice, but human lifespan and healthspan effects have not been tested
748 · Xylitol chewing gum x prevention of incident dental caries with long-term use
Verdict 748 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
Xylitol gum can be a sugar-free choice, but evidence that it reliably prevents new caries over the long term is inadequate
749 · Static magnetic bracelet x improved knee or hip osteoarthritis symptoms
Verdict 749 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 3 cited sources
Static magnetic bracelets did not improve osteoarthritis pain, stiffness, or function beyond placebo
750 · Trazodone x improved sleep onset, maintenance, and quality in chronic insomnia among adults without depression
Verdict 750 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 4 cited sources
Trazodone has small short-term sleep signals but inadequate long-term evidence and is not generally recommended for chronic insomnia
751 · Tirzepatide x reduced body weight and waist circumference in adults with obesity
Verdict 751 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 2 cited sources
Weight and waist reduction are substantial, but common regain after withdrawal makes long-term treatment planning important
752 · Fexuprazan x faster and superior nocturnal heartburn relief and erosive-esophagitis healing versus PPIs
Verdict 752 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Erosive-esophagitis healing is comparable to a PPI, but faster and superior performance rests on a small nocturnal-symptom signal
753 · Dileucine x increased muscle protein synthesis, lower-body strength, and muscular endurance during resistance training
Verdict 753 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 2 cited sources
Early lower-body strength and endurance signals are interesting, but evidence remains limited to small proprietary-ingredient trials
754 · Zembrin Sceletium tortuosum extract x relief of everyday stress and anxiety
Verdict 754 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Early laboratory anxiety signals exist, but the studies are too small and mixed to establish everyday stress relief
755 · Tributyrin x improved intestinal permeability or leaky gut and relief of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms
Verdict 755 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Butyrate mechanisms and preclinical barrier signals exist, but no human leaky-gut or IBS efficacy trial was identified
756 · Fenbendazole x tumor shrinkage and longer survival in people with advanced cancer
Verdict 756 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Animal experiments and online anecdotes do not establish tumor shrinkage or longer survival in people
757 · Ritlecitinib x scalp hair regrowth in adults and adolescents with severe alopecia areata
Verdict 757 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Ritlecitinib increases scalp hair regrowth in severe alopecia areata, but not everyone responds and persistence after stopping is unproven
758 · Glucosamine x improvement of chronic low-back pain and disability in degenerative lumbar osteoarthritis
Verdict 758 · Evidence Grade F · 18 · 4 cited sources
Unlike the separate knee evidence, glucosamine has not improved chronic pain or function in degenerative lumbar osteoarthritis
759 · Arexvy RSV vaccine x prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract disease and severe disease in adults aged 60 years or older
Verdict 759 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Arexvy substantially reduces first-season RSV lower respiratory and severe disease, but protection wanes and rare neurologic signals require surveillance
760 · Lurasidone x improvement of major depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder
Verdict 760 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 5 cited sources
Lurasidone improves short-term bipolar I depressive symptoms, but some trials failed and long-term relapse-prevention evidence is limited
761 · Urolithin A x improved muscle endurance and exercise performance in middle-aged and older adults
Verdict 761 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 2 cited sources
Selected endurance and strength signals exist, but failed key performance outcomes and manufacturer concentration prevent a firm conclusion
762 · Pidotimod x reduced number of recurrent respiratory infections
Verdict 762 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 2 cited sources
Pediatric recurrent-respiratory-infection signals are positive, but old and methodologically weak studies substantially limit confidence
763 · Fruitflow x prevention of cardiovascular disease through inhibition of platelet aggregation
Verdict 763 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 4 cited sources
Fruitflow lowers platelet laboratory measures, but clinical evidence that it prevents heart attack or stroke is absent
764 · PeptiStrong x increased strength and muscular endurance with resistance training
Verdict 764 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 2 cited sources
Some strength and endurance signals accompany resistance training, but all clinical evidence is small and developer-led
765 · Hyland's Bioplasma 12 cell salts x relief of fatigue and nervous tension
Verdict 765 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
No trial establishes that the 12-cell-salt product itself relieves fatigue or nervous tension, and traditional use is not clinical evidence
766 · Bach Rescue Remedy x relief of temporary stress and anxiety
Verdict 766 · Evidence Grade F · 9 · 4 cited sources
The dosing ritual may feel calming, but the flower essences did not outperform placebo
767 · Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 x improved abdominal pain and bowel symptoms in IBS-D
Verdict 767 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Symptom signals exist, but there is still no placebo-controlled IBS-D trial of MIYAIRI 588 itself
768 · Calcium fructoborate x improved knee-joint pain and function
Verdict 768 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 4 cited sources
Knee-discomfort questionnaires improved, but the research is concentrated around the branded ingredient's developer
769 · Heat-killed L. plantarum L-137 x reduced incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections
Verdict 769 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
The cold-incidence signal needs independent clinical replication specific to L-137
770 · Efinaconazole x complete cure of mild to moderate toenail onychomycosis
Verdict 770 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
It clearly outperforms vehicle, but only about one in six patients achieved complete cure at one year
771 · Risedronate x prevention of vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Verdict 771 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
Vertebral-fracture prevention is strongly supported, while hip-fracture benefit is clearest in high-risk women confirmed by low bone density
772 · Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine x prevention of infant chronic infection and later cirrhosis and liver cancer
Verdict 772 · Evidence Grade A · 89 · 3 cited sources
Infant hepatitis B vaccination greatly reduces chronic infection and prevents hepatocellular carcinoma later in life
773 · Edoxaban x prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Verdict 773 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 2 cited sources
Edoxaban prevented stroke and systemic embolism as well as warfarin with less major bleeding, but correct dose selection is essential
774 · Duloxetine x symptom improvement and remission in adult major depressive disorder
Verdict 774 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 3 cited sources
Duloxetine improves depressive symptoms and remission rates, but the average effect is modest and individual response varies
775 · Tafluprost x slowing progression of glaucomatous visual-field loss
Verdict 775 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
Tafluprost reliably lowers intraocular pressure, but direct comparative evidence that it slows visual-field loss is limited
776 · Lobeglitazone x extrapolation from HbA1c improvement to fewer cardiovascular and renal complications
Verdict 776 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 3 cited sources
Lobeglitazone lowers glucose, but cardiovascular and kidney complication reduction has not been established in a direct outcomes trial
777 · Mirtazapine x long-term improvement of chronic insomnia in adults without depression
Verdict 777 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 3 cited sources
Mirtazapine may reduce short-term insomnia symptoms, but sustained benefit over several months has not been established
778 · NALT x superior absorption and improved focus and cognition under stress
Verdict 778 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
NALT has no human trial for focus or cognition under stress, and claims of better absorption than ordinary tyrosine are not supported
779 · Amoxicillin x shorter cough and recovery in uncomplicated acute bronchitis
Verdict 779 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
When pneumonia is not suspected, amoxicillin does not meaningfully accelerate recovery from uncomplicated acute bronchitis
780 · Gabapentin x improved pain and function in chronic sciatica or lumbar radicular pain
Verdict 780 · Evidence Grade F · 13 · 3 cited sources
Unlike selected other neuropathic pain conditions, chronic sciatica and lumbar radicular pain show no established pain or functional benefit from gabapentin
781 · Clopidogrel x reduced recurrent atherothrombotic events
Verdict 781 · Evidence Grade A · 82 · 4 cited sources
Reduction of recurrent atherothrombotic events is established, but regimen and duration must match the indication and bleeding risk
782 · Low-dose doxepin x improved sleep maintenance in chronic insomnia
Verdict 782 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 4 cited sources
Low-dose doxepin has stronger evidence for sleep maintenance and later-night wakefulness than for sleep onset
783 · Bismuth subsalicylate x reduced symptoms of acute nonbloody diarrhea
Verdict 783 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 3 cited sources
Short-term relief of mild nonbloody diarrhea is plausible, but rehydration and assessment of warning signs come first
784 · Sitagliptin x cardiovascular-event reduction from improved HbA1c
Verdict 784 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 2 cited sources
Sitagliptin improves glycemia, but it has not been shown to reduce major cardiovascular events
785 · Liraglutide x one-year weight loss and maintenance in adults with obesity
Verdict 785 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
One-year loss and maintenance during treatment are established, but continued therapy is usually required and regain after stopping is common
786 · Memantine x delayed cognitive and functional decline in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease
Verdict 786 · Evidence Grade B · 65 · 5 cited sources
Memantine can modestly slow symptomatic decline, but it does not restore memory or stop the disease
787 · Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir x eight-week SVR12 cure of chronic hepatitis C
Verdict 787 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Eight weeks cures nearly all eligible patients, but it does not prevent reinfection or erase cirrhosis
788 · Oral sheep placenta extract x skin elasticity, whitening, regeneration, and anti-aging
Verdict 788 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Human studies are not entirely absent, but no independent trial establishes a skin effect from sheep placenta itself
789 · Letrozole x increased ovulation and live birth in anovulatory PCOS infertility
Verdict 789 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
Strong evidence shows higher live birth than with clomiphene in anovulatory PCOS
790 · Pseudoephedrine x relief of nasal congestion from colds and allergic rhinitis
Verdict 790 · Evidence Grade B · 61 · 5 cited sources
Pseudoephedrine genuinely relieves congestion short term, but it does not treat the cold itself or every rhinitis symptom
791 · Topical adapalene x reduced lesions in mild-to-moderate acne
Verdict 791 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Lesion reduction in mild-to-moderate acne is strongly established, while severe monotherapy and irritation or pregnancy precautions remain separate
792 · Dabigatran etexilate x stroke and systemic-embolism prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Verdict 792 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 4 cited sources
Event prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is strongly supported, while bleeding, renal function, and mechanical-valve restrictions require separate management
793 · Solifenacin x improved overactive-bladder symptoms
Verdict 793 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 4 cited sources
Overactive-bladder symptoms improve modestly on average, so the large placebo response and anticholinergic adverse effects should be weighed together
794 · Clotrimazole vaginal tablet x cure of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis
Verdict 794 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 4 cited sources
Short-term cure of uncomplicated candidiasis is established, while recurrent or complicated infection and self-diagnosis of other vaginitis are separate
795 · Naproxen x improved pain and function in knee or hip osteoarthritis
Verdict 795 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 5 cited sources
Pain and function improve over the short term, but naproxen does not restore cartilage and gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal risks require management
796 · Tamsulosin x BPH symptom improvement and prevention of urinary retention and surgery
Verdict 796 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 4 cited sources
Urinary symptoms can improve, but that alone does not establish prevention of acute retention or surgery
797 · Propranolol x performance anxiety and performance in speaking, examinations, and stage situations
Verdict 797 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 3 cited sources
Tremor and heart rate may improve, but evidence is inadequate to promise less fear or reliably better performance
798 · Codeine x cough reduction in the common cold and acute upper respiratory infection
Verdict 798 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 4 cited sources
Codeine is no better than placebo for common-cold cough while respiratory depression and dependence risks remain
799 · Ketone monoester x improved endurance, exercise performance, and recovery
Verdict 799 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
Ketone levels rise reliably, but performance and recovery vary from null to impaired to positive depending on strategy and context
800 · Pregnenolone x improved memory, cognition, and brain aging in healthy middle-aged and older adults
Verdict 800 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 3 cited sources
Human studies are not entirely absent, but the small healthy trial found no memory benefit and no trial has shown prevention of brain aging
801 · Warfarin x prevention of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Verdict 801 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 3 cited sources
Warfarin strongly prevents stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, but bleeding and INR management are essential
802 · Aflibercept x maintenance and improvement of vision in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Verdict 802 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Aflibercept generally maintains and improves vision in neovascular macular degeneration but does not guarantee recovery in every eye
803 · Udenafil x improved erectile function and intercourse success in erectile dysfunction
Verdict 803 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Udenafil improves short-term erectile function and intercourse success, but large independent long-term evidence is limited
804 · Lubiprostone x improved spontaneous and complete bowel movements in chronic idiopathic constipation
Verdict 804 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 4 cited sources
Lubiprostone increases spontaneous bowel movements in chronic idiopathic constipation, but nausea, diarrhea, and long-term limitations matter
805 · Dydrogesterone x miscarriage prevention and increased live birth across threatened miscarriage
Verdict 805 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 4 cited sources
Modern placebo-controlled trials do not establish that dydrogesterone prevents miscarriage or increases live birth across women with threatened miscarriage
806 · Remdesivir x prevention of hospitalization and death in high-risk nonhospitalized COVID-19
Verdict 806 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 2 cited sources
Hospitalization is reduced in high-risk outpatients, while mortality benefit and current absolute benefit remain uncertain
807 · 5-Deazaflavin TND1128 x delayed aging and extended healthspan
Verdict 807 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
No efficacy result demonstrates delayed aging or extended healthspan in humans
808 · Potassium nitrate toothpaste x pain relief for dentin hypersensitivity
Verdict 808 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
It can reduce sensitivity pain but does not treat the underlying dental cause or guarantee permanent relief
809 · Açaí berry x weight and body-fat loss and rapid dieting
Verdict 809 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 2 cited sources
The direct evidence measuring weight and BMI is a single double-blind randomized trial with 69 participants, and both groups lost weight. A pooled between-group confidence interval for weight loss could not be verified. There is no repeated refutation, and clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, so the grade is D with 30 points, not F.
810 · Entecavir x prevention of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver-related death in chronic hepatitis B
Verdict 810 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
It lowers progression risk but does not guarantee cure or eliminate liver-cancer risk
811 · Tafamidis x reduced mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization in ATTR-CM
Verdict 811 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 2 cited sources
Tafamidis reduces death and cardiovascular hospitalization in ATTR-CM, but pivotal confirmation remains concentrated in one large trial
812 · Alteplase x reduced 90-day disability and dependence after acute ischemic stroke
Verdict 812 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 3 cited sources
Earlier alteplase reduces disability in eligible ischemic stroke, but strict emergency selection is required because intracranial hemorrhage risk increases
813 · Levonorgestrel IUS x improved blood loss and quality of life in idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding
Verdict 813 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 3 cited sources
The LNG-IUS substantially improves blood loss and quality of life, while early irregular bleeding and device-related risks remain separate considerations
814 · Cat's claw x relief of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis pain and inflammation
Verdict 814 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Small trials of specific extracts show selected pain signals, but evidence does not generalize to arbitrary products or establish disease modification
815 · Marshmallow root x reflux and gastrointestinal irritation relief and mucosal protection or repair
Verdict 815 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Traditional use and a mucilage mechanism exist, but no human efficacy trial verifies reflux relief, gastrointestinal irritation relief, or mucosal repair
816 · Calcium pyruvate x weight and body-fat reduction through increased metabolism and fat burning
Verdict 816 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
A small uncertain short-term difference was reported, but convincing efficacy as a fat-burning supplement has not been shown
817 · Spironolactone x improvement of persistent or hormonally influenced acne in adult women
Verdict 817 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Persistent acne in adult women has direct evidence of improvement over months, but prescription safety management is required
818 · Testosterone undecanoate x broad improvement in libido, sexual function, and vitality in middle-aged men
Verdict 818 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 3 cited sources
It may help sexual function in confirmed testosterone deficiency, but it does not establish broad vitality enhancement for middle-aged men
819 · Dextromethorphan x relief of nocturnal cough and sleep disturbance from colds or upper respiratory infection in children
Verdict 819 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 3 cited sources
It was no better than placebo for pediatric cold-related night cough or sleep, and young children should not receive it without age-appropriate guidance
820 · Mepolizumab x reduced exacerbations, hospitalization, and systemic-steroid use in severe eosinophilic asthma
Verdict 820 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 4 cited sources
It meaningfully reduces exacerbations and systemic-steroid burden in selected severe eosinophilic asthma, but the evidence does not apply to every asthma phenotype
821 · Rosuvastatin x prevention of a first major cardiovascular event in adults with non-high LDL and elevated hs-CRP
Verdict 821 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 2 cited sources
Rosuvastatin reduced first cardiovascular events in selected adults with non-high LDL and elevated hs-CRP, but it does not replace global risk assessment
822 · Galcanezumab x reduction in monthly migraine headache days in adults with episodic or chronic migraine
Verdict 822 · Evidence Grade B · 65 · 3 cited sources
Monthly migraine days decrease on average, but this does not mean complete elimination or acute treatment of attacks
823 · Abrocitinib x improvement of skin lesions and itch in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Verdict 823 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Abrocitinib improves lesions and itch in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, but JAK risk assessment and monitoring are essential
824 · Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir x 12-week SVR12 across all chronic hepatitis C genotypes
Verdict 824 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Twelve weeks cures virologic infection in most patients across genotypes, but special populations require regimen adjustment
825 · MMR vaccine x prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella infections in children
Verdict 825 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 3 cited sources
MMR strongly prevents actual measles, mumps, and rubella infection, and the autism claim has been repeatedly disproven
826 · Domperidone x increased postpartum milk volume and successful breastfeeding
Verdict 826 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 4 cited sources
Domperidone can increase short-term milk volume but does not guarantee durable breastfeeding success and requires cardiac-risk review
827 · Racecadotril x reduced duration and stool output in pediatric acute watery diarrhea
Verdict 827 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 4 cited sources
Some stool-output signals exist, but the latest independent review did not confirm routine benefit and oral rehydration remains first line
828 · Chlorhexidine mouthwash x reduced plaque accumulation and gingivitis
Verdict 828 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 3 cited sources
Chlorhexidine reduces plaque and mild gingivitis as a brushing adjunct, but staining favors defined short-term use
829 · Rhus toxicodendron 30C x relief of joint pain, stiffness, and muscle pain
Verdict 829 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
A 30C product is not expected to retain source molecules, and joint or muscle pain benefit has not been reproduced beyond placebo
830 · Blue lotus extract oil aromatherapy x stress and anxiety relief
Verdict 830 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Blue lotus has traditional and subjective associations with relaxation, but no human anxiety-relief efficacy trial was found
831 · Live attenuated varicella vaccine x prevention of childhood varicella and moderate or severe disease
Verdict 831 · Evidence Grade A · 89 · 3 cited sources
The vaccine strongly prevents childhood varicella, especially moderate or severe disease, but breakthrough infection remains possible and the recommended schedule matters
832 · Alirocumab x reduction of recurrent major cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome
Verdict 832 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 2 cited sources
Added to statins after a recent acute coronary syndrome, alirocumab reduces recurrent ischemic events, but absolute benefit depends on baseline risk
833 · Upadacitinib x remission, pain, and physical-function improvement in treatment-refractory rheumatoid arthritis
Verdict 833 · Evidence Grade B · 70 · 3 cited sources
Upadacitinib improves remission, pain, and function after inadequate response to prior rheumatoid-arthritis therapy, but major JAK-class risks require separate consideration
834 · Trimebutine maleate x improvement of abdominal pain and global symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome
Verdict 834 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Some old trials suggest a pain signal, but overall irritable bowel syndrome symptom improvement has not been established over placebo
835 · Brimonidine eye drops x pressure-independent neuroprotection and visual-field preservation in normal-tension glaucoma
Verdict 835 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
Brimonidine lowers intraocular pressure, but the claim that it independently protects the optic nerve and slows field loss remains unestablished
836 · HongJam steamed mature silkworm hydrolysate or powder x memory and cognition in mild cognitive impairment
Verdict 836 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
A delayed-memory signal exists, but global cognitive improvement and a silkworm-only effect remain unconfirmed
837 · Metabolaid x reduced appetite, body fat, and weight in adults with overweight
Verdict 837 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 3 cited sources
Short-term appetite and body-composition signals exist, but developer concentration and missing long-term replication remain major limits
838 · Turkesterone x natural anabolic increases in muscle mass and strength
Verdict 838 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
Direct human evidence found no body-composition benefit, and strength was not measured
839 · Calcarea carbonica 30C x relief of infant cradle cap and seborrheic scalp dermatitis
Verdict 839 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 3 cited sources
Cradle cap may improve naturally, but there is no evidence that a 30C preparation outperforms placebo
840 · Alfuzosin extended release x improved BPH lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary bother, and quality of life
Verdict 840 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 5 cited sources
Alfuzosin improves urinary symptoms and quality of life but does not shrink the prostate or reliably prevent retention and surgery
841 · Semaglutide 2.4 mg x long-term weight loss and maintenance in adults with obesity
Verdict 841 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Semaglutide produces about 15% mean weight loss and maintains it during treatment, but regain after withdrawal is common
842 · Emtricitabine-tenofovir DF PrEP x prevention of HIV acquisition with adherence
Verdict 842 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 4 cited sources
Following the regimen greatly lowers HIV acquisition risk, but it does not prevent other sexually transmitted infections
843 · Fluconazole x six-month suppression and reduced recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
Verdict 843 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Six months of treatment substantially suppresses recurrence, but recurrence after withdrawal is common
844 · Lasmiditan x pain freedom two hours after an acute migraine attack
Verdict 844 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 4 cited sources
Large trials increased two-hour pain freedom in a subset of patients, but driving is prohibited for eight hours after dosing
845 · Cabergoline x shorter post-ejaculatory refractory period and multiple orgasms in healthy men
Verdict 845 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
A ten-person subjective signal exists, but evidence is far too small to establish shorter refractory time or multiple orgasms
846 · Rosemary oil x hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia
Verdict 846 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
A hair-count signal exists, but one placebo-free trial does not prove equivalence to minoxidil
847 · Himalayan pink salt x superior minerals, electrolytes, and hydration
Verdict 847 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Pink color and trace elements do not make Himalayan salt a better electrolyte or hydration source than ordinary salt
848 · DPP-IV gluten digestive enzymes x mucosal protection in celiac disease
Verdict 848 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Digesting some gluten is not the same as preventing celiac mucosal injury, and these supplements cannot replace a gluten-free diet
849 · Sacha inchi oil x lipid improvement and cardiovascular prevention
Verdict 849 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
Some LDL improvement signals exist, but no clinical evidence shows prevention of heart attack or stroke
850 · Low-dose lithium orotate x delayed aging, healthspan, and lifespan extension
Verdict 850 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
No human efficacy trial has tested whether low-dose lithium orotate slows aging or extends lifespan
851 · Cetirizine x relief of nasal symptoms in allergic rhinitis
Verdict 851 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Cetirizine reduces sneezing, rhinorrhea, and itching but does not remove the allergic cause and may be less helpful for congestion
852 · Guaifenesin x reduced cold cough and phlegm with faster recovery
Verdict 852 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 4 cited sources
Guaifenesin is generally well tolerated, but evidence that it clearly reduces cold cough, phlegm, or recovery time is inadequate
853 · Omeprazole x healing of erosive reflux esophagitis and heartburn resolution
Verdict 853 · Evidence Grade A · 85 · 4 cited sources
Healing of erosive esophagitis and heartburn resolution by eight weeks are very well established, while long-term treatment decisions are separate
854 · Azelaic acid x reduced lesions in mild-to-moderate acne
Verdict 854 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
Azelaic acid 15% to 20% reduces mild-to-moderate acne lesions, although it may act more slowly or less strongly than combination therapy
855 · Chlorpheniramine x improved sleep onset and restorative sleep
Verdict 855 · Evidence Grade D · 30 · 5 cited sources
In the 191-participant single-dose trial, sleep onset improved while awakenings increased and sleep quality worsened; the 18-participant healthy-volunteer polysomnography findings were also mixed by endpoint. A pooled confidence interval for sleep efficacy could not be verified. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 30 points, not F.
856 · Methylphenidate x improved concentration, examination scores, and academic performance in healthy students
Verdict 856 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 4 cited sources
In healthy students, small short-task signals have not translated into better examination scores or GPA
857 · Ibuprofen x relief of pain and daily-life impairment from primary dysmenorrhea
Verdict 857 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 4 cited sources
Ibuprofen consistently relieves primary-dysmenorrhea pain and impairment, but individual contraindications and NSAID risks still matter
858 · Steviol glycosides x treatment-level improvement of fasting glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 858 · Evidence Grade D · 26 · 5 cited sources
Steviol glycosides can replace sugar, but they do not lower HbA1c at a level that treats type 2 diabetes
859 · Goat milk protein x superior prevention of sarcopenia and greater muscle gains than whey or cow-milk protein
Verdict 859 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Goat milk can supply protein, but human studies have not tested whether it is superior to whey or cow-milk protein for older-adult muscle outcomes
860 · Agarwood extract or pill x improved chronic fatigue, low vitality, and immediate energy restoration
Verdict 860 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Standalone agarwood has not been tested in a controlled human trial for chronic fatigue or immediate energy restoration
861 · Epinephrine x rapid reversal of respiratory distress and hypotension in anaphylaxis
Verdict 861 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 5 cited sources
Prompt intramuscular epinephrine is the only first-line medicine for suspected anaphylaxis
862 · Single-dose fosfomycin 3 g x clinical cure of acute uncomplicated cystitis in nonpregnant women
Verdict 862 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 3 cited sources
One-dose treatment is convenient, but recent direct comparisons found lower resolution than nitrofurantoin
863 · Oral terbinafine x cure of dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis
Verdict 863 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Fungal cure is high, but complete normal-nail cure is lower and recurrence occurs
864 · Coenzyme Q10 x statin-associated muscle symptoms and adherence
Verdict 864 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 4 cited sources
Some pain signals exist, but improved continuation of statin therapy is not established
865 · Psychobiotic probiotics x reduced depressive symptoms in adults
Verdict 865 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
A large but heterogeneous and bias-sensitive symptom-score signal supports only a possible strain-specific adjunct to standard depression care
866 · Biotin x improvement of brittle nails in adults without deficiency
Verdict 866 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Some brittle nails improved in uncontrolled observations, but placebo-controlled evidence in adults without deficiency is absent
867 · Omega-3 EPA and DHA x prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in healthy older adults
Verdict 867 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
Fish-oil EPA and DHA did not slow cognitive decline in large randomized trials of older adults
868 · Amygdalin and laetrile x cancer shrinkage, treatment, and longer survival
Verdict 868 · Evidence Grade F · 5 · 3 cited sources
It does not treat cancer or extend survival and should not be used because cyanide poisoning can be fatal
869 · Korean black goat extract x anemia, chronic fatigue, and energy restoration
Verdict 869 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
It can be consumed as food, but no human efficacy trial supports anemia, chronic-fatigue, or energy-restoration claims
870 · Acer tegmentosum extract x hangover relief and alcohol-related liver improvement
Verdict 870 · Evidence Grade D · 23 · 3 cited sources
Mouse and cell studies suggest hepatoprotection, but isolated human effects on hangover or alcohol-related liver disease are unproven
871 · Metformin x delay or prevention of type 2 diabetes in high-risk adults with prediabetes
Verdict 871 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Metformin delays diabetes onset in high-risk prediabetes but does not replace lifestyle intervention
872 · Tadalafil x improved erectile function and intercourse success in men with erectile dysfunction
Verdict 872 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Tadalafil improves erectile function and intercourse success but does not treat libido or the underlying cause of erectile dysfunction
873 · Fluoxetine x acute symptom response and remission in adults with major depressive disorder
Verdict 873 · Evidence Grade B · 65 · 3 cited sources
Fluoxetine increases acute response and remission probabilities, but effect size and individual response vary
874 · Vitamin D3 x prevention of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes
Verdict 874 · Evidence Grade D · 38 · 2 cited sources
Diabetes-progression prevention in prediabetes is small and conflicting and cannot replace lifestyle intervention
875 · Coenzyme Q10 x reduction of subjective fatigue in adults with heterogeneous causes and diseases
Verdict 875 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
CoQ10 may modestly reduce subjective fatigue but does not establish treatment of the cause or improved objective fitness
876 · L-theanine x improved attention and choice reaction time after a single dose
Verdict 876 · Evidence Grade C · 51 · 3 cited sources
A single 200-mg dose may shorten selected choice reaction times, but sustained cognitive enhancement is unproven
877 · Omega-3 EPA and DHA x prevention of incident and recurrent depression in middle-aged and older adults
Verdict 877 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 3 cited sources
General fish-oil supplementation did not prevent incident depression in middle-aged and older adults without depression
878 · Quercetin x extension of human healthspan and lifespan through senescent-cell clearance
Verdict 878 · Evidence Grade D · 23 · 3 cited sources
There is no clinical evidence that quercetin alone clears senescent cells and extends human healthspan or lifespan
879 · DHEA x general anti-aging improvement in healthy older adults
Verdict 879 · Evidence Grade F · 15 · 4 cited sources
Restoring DHEA to youthful levels did not broadly rejuvenate function, cognition, body composition, or quality of life in healthy older adults
880 · Dendropanax morbiferus extract x hangover relief and improvement of alcohol-related liver injury and enzymes
Verdict 880 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
Cell and rat studies suggest protection from alcohol injury, but human hangover and alcohol-related liver benefits are unproven
881 · Lactulose x prevention of recurrent overt hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis
Verdict 881 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 4 cited sources
Lactulose reduces recurrence after recovery from overt hepatic encephalopathy, but a clinician should manage bowel targets and dehydration risk
882 · Ranibizumab x improved vision and reduced vision loss in center-involved diabetic macular edema
Verdict 882 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 3 cited sources
Ranibizumab strongly improves visual outcomes in center-involved diabetic macular edema, but repeated injections and rare serious ocular complications require specialist management
883 · Daridorexant x improved sleep and daytime functioning in adult insomnia
Verdict 883 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Daridorexant improves sleep onset and maintenance and daytime function at 50 mg, but next-day somnolence and concomitant sedatives require separate management
884 · Dutasteride x improved BPH symptoms and reduced urinary retention and surgery
Verdict 884 · Evidence Grade A · 81 · 3 cited sources
Dutasteride reduces symptoms, acute urinary retention, and surgery risk in enlarged-prostate BPH, but benefit takes months and sexual effects and prostate-specific antigen changes require management
885 · Magnesium x relief of depressive symptoms and adjunctive treatment in adults
Verdict 885 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 3 cited sources
A depressive-symptom signal exists, but magnesium does not replace antidepressant care and correction of deficiency is separate from general efficacy
886 · Oral Aloe vera x glycemic improvement in prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes
Verdict 886 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 4 cited sources
Short-term glycemic signals exist, but Aloe vera is not supported as a replacement for standard diabetes care
887 · Gongjin-dan x improved fatigue and physical function in unexplained chronic fatigue
Verdict 887 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Core chronic-fatigue scales did not improve versus placebo despite an isolated quality-of-life signal
888 · Omega-3 EPA and DHA x improved liver fat, enzymes, and histology in MASLD or NAFLD
Verdict 888 · Evidence Grade D · 32 · 3 cited sources
Unlike triglyceride lowering, improvement of fatty-liver MRI, stiffness, or histology has not been established
889 · Resveratrol x increased testosterone and vitality in middle-aged men
Verdict 889 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 2 cited sources
The direct human trial did not raise testosterone, and evidence for improved male vitality is absent
890 · Intravenous NAD+ x slower aging and longer healthspan in healthy adults
Verdict 890 · Evidence Grade ? · 2 cited sources
Blood-metabolite data exist, but no human evidence shows slower aging or longer healthspan
891 · Solriamfetol x reduced daytime sleepiness and sustained wakefulness in adults with narcolepsy
Verdict 891 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Solriamfetol improves daytime sleepiness and sustained wakefulness in narcolepsy but is not proven to cure the disorder or prevent long-term accidents
892 · Suvorexant x improved sleep onset, maintenance, and total sleep time in adult insomnia
Verdict 892 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Suvorexant provides moderate average benefits for sleep onset and maintenance, while next-day somnolence must be assessed separately
893 · Sertraline x relief of core PTSD symptoms and functional impairment
Verdict 893 · Evidence Grade B · 67 · 3 cited sources
Sertraline reduces PTSD symptoms and can improve functioning on average, but it is not a cure or a replacement for trauma-focused psychotherapy
894 · Resmetirom x histologic MASH resolution and fibrosis improvement in noncirrhotic disease
Verdict 894 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 2 cited sources
Resmetirom improves biopsy-defined MASH and fibrosis, while effects on cirrhosis and liver death are still being confirmed
895 · Insulin glargine x basal glucose and HbA1c control in type 1 diabetes
Verdict 895 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 3 cited sources
Insulin glargine is an effective essential basal insulin in type 1 diabetes, but it requires mealtime insulin and rigorous hypoglycemia management
896 · Branched-chain amino acids x improvement of consciousness and neuropsychiatric symptoms in cirrhosis-related hepatic encephalopathy
Verdict 896 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 3 cited sources
BCAAs may improve some hepatic-encephalopathy manifestations, but they have not been shown to extend survival
897 · Astaxanthin x improved exercise endurance, performance, and post-exercise recovery
Verdict 897 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 3 cited sources
Exercise-performance enhancement is unproven, and recovery support is limited to selected biomarker signals
898 · Omega-3 fatty acids x suppression of age-related macular degeneration progression and vision loss when added to an AREDS formulation
Verdict 898 · Evidence Grade D · 22 · 3 cited sources
Adding omega-3 to an AREDS formulation did not further reduce AMD progression or vision loss
899 · Low-dose aspirin x prevention of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline in healthy older adults
Verdict 899 · Evidence Grade F · 14 · 3 cited sources
Low-dose aspirin did not prevent dementia or cognitive decline in healthy older adults and increased major bleeding
900 · Glycine alone x slowing human aging and extending healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 900 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Mouse lifespan findings exist, but delayed aging, longer healthspan, and longer lifespan have not been tested in humans
901 · Pitolisant x reduced excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in narcolepsy
Verdict 901 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Pitolisant reduces daytime sleepiness and cataplexy but is not curative and requires attention to QT risk
902 · Tenofovir alafenamide x viral suppression in chronic hepatitis B
Verdict 902 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
TAF suppresses HBV as effectively as TDF with better average renal and bone markers, but it is not a cure
903 · Timolol x lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Verdict 903 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Timolol reliably lowers eye pressure, but visual-field preservation requires follow-up and systemic beta-blocker risks remain
904 · Paroxetine x reduced menopausal hot flashes and night sweats
Verdict 904 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 3 cited sources
Low-dose paroxetine modestly reduces menopausal hot flashes and night sweats but requires caution with tamoxifen
905 · Magnesium x reduced blood pressure in adults with hypertension or borderline hypertension
Verdict 905 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Magnesium may lower blood pressure by a few millimeters of mercury on average, but the small heterogeneous effect does not replace standard treatment
906 · Omega-3 fatty acids x reduced pain intensity and analgesic use in primary dysmenorrhea
Verdict 906 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 4 cited sources
There is a dysmenorrhea pain signal, but limited study quality makes omega-3 an adjunct rather than a replacement for NSAIDs
907 · Vitamin C x additional acceleration of hemoglobin recovery during oral iron therapy
Verdict 907 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 2 cited sources
Iron treats the anemia, but routine vitamin C did not add faster recovery
908 · Vitamin D3 x primary prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death
Verdict 908 · Evidence Grade D · 24 · 4 cited sources
Unlike deficiency correction, cardiovascular-event primary prevention in generally healthy older adults failed in large trials
909 · Selenium x prevention of type 2 diabetes and improved glycemic control
Verdict 909 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 3 cited sources
Being an antioxidant nutrient is not diabetes prevention, and randomized evidence points toward harm rather than benefit
910 · Berberine x slower human aging and extended healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 910 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Metabolic and animal-lifespan evidence exists, but slower human aging and longer healthspan or lifespan have not been tested
911 · Bimatoprost x lowering of intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Verdict 911 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
Bimatoprost strongly lowers pressure, but preservation of vision still requires separate longitudinal monitoring
912 · Modafinil x reduced excessive daytime sleepiness and maintained wakefulness in adults with narcolepsy
Verdict 912 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 3 cited sources
Modafinil improves narcolepsy-related sleepiness and wakefulness but does not replace sleep or cure the disorder
913 · Venlafaxine extended release x reduced anxiety symptoms and increased response and remission in generalized anxiety disorder
Verdict 913 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 3 cited sources
Venlafaxine XR improves symptoms, response, and remission in generalized anxiety disorder but requires gradual adjustment and tapering
914 · Tirzepatide x reduced glycated hemoglobin and body weight in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin
Verdict 914 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
Tirzepatide substantially lowers glycated hemoglobin and weight but does not establish cure of diabetes or superior prevention of major cardiovascular events
915 · Sumatriptan x two-hour pain freedom and relief of nausea and photophobia in acute adult migraine
Verdict 915 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 3 cited sources
The direct pain-freedom evidence is exceptionally strong, but not every attack responds and cardiovascular contraindications must be screened
916 · N-acetylcysteine x adjunctive treatment of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder
Verdict 916 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 7 cited sources
The 20-week Y-BOCS difference was 0.53 points (95% CI -2.18 to 3.23), the Costa trial found -1.30 (-6.49 to 3.89), the Afshar trial found -5.14 (-7.05 to -3.23), and the five-to-eight-week pooled MD was positive at -2.95 (-5.87 to -0.04). Results conflict and do not exclude clinically meaningful benefit, so the grade is D with 35 points, not F.
917 · Curcumin x liver fat and liver-enzyme improvement in MASLD or NAFLD
Verdict 917 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 5 cited sources
Curcumin has small positive signals on fatty-liver surrogates, but inconsistency and formulation variability prevent it from replacing lifestyle treatment
918 · Oral zinc x relief of subjective tinnitus in adults
Verdict 918 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 5 cited sources
The three trials could not be pooled because of heterogeneity. THQ improvement had RR 2.53 (95% CI 0.50 to 12.70), tinnitus loudness had MD -9.71 dB (-25.53 to 6.11), a 0-to-100 scale had 0.50 (-5.08 to 6.08), and severity had -1.41 (-2.97 to 0.15), leaving room for large benefit. Because clinically meaningful benefit is not excluded, the grade is D with 35 points, not F.
919 · High-dose vitamin E x prevention and slowed progression of age-related cataract
Verdict 919 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 5 cited sources
High-dose vitamin E does not prevent age-related cataract or cataract surgery and carries bleeding-related safety signals
920 · Apigenin alone x slower human aging and extended healthspan and lifespan
Verdict 920 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Apigenin longevity claims remain preclinical, with no human evidence for slowing aging or extending healthspan or lifespan
921 · Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine x prevention of symptomatic hepatitis A
Verdict 921 · Evidence Grade A · 91 · 2 cited sources
Prevention of symptomatic hepatitis A in nonimmune people is strongly supported, but schedules and postexposure management remain product- and situation-specific
922 · Ibandronate x reduction of new morphometric vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Verdict 922 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Ibandronate reduces new vertebral fractures, but it should not be generalized to proven prevention of hip or all nonvertebral fractures
923 · Levothyroxine x biochemical and deficiency-symptom correction in overt primary hypothyroidism
Verdict 923 · Evidence Grade A · 86 · 4 cited sources
Levothyroxine is standard replacement for overt thyroid-hormone deficiency, not a treatment for nonspecific fatigue or weight loss in euthyroid people
924 · Pregabalin x improvement of night symptoms, limb movements, and sleep in moderate-to-severe restless legs syndrome
Verdict 924 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Pregabalin works for diagnosed moderate-to-severe restless legs syndrome, but Korean use is off-label and sedation, falls, edema, and dependence require separate management
925 · D-glucose or dextrose x 15-minute correction of nonsevere hypoglycemia in a conscious person with diabetes
Verdict 925 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Oral glucose is the most predictable initial treatment for conscious nonsevere hypoglycemia, but rechecking at 15 minutes and repeating when needed are essential
926 · Ashwagandha root extract x improved sexual function in men with normal testosterone
Verdict 926 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 4 cited sources
Small KSM-66 trials are positive, but they do not establish the same effect for arbitrary ashwagandha products or durable clinical outcomes
927 · Korean red ginseng extract x improved IIEF and intercourse satisfaction in erectile dysfunction
Verdict 927 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 4 cited sources
Red ginseng may raise IIEF scores slightly, but the average effect is below a clinically important threshold and does not establish replacement of standard care
928 · Vitamin D3 x improved strength, power, and anaerobic performance in nondeficient athletes
Verdict 928 · Evidence Grade D · 28 · 4 cited sources
Correcting vitamin D deficiency may be appropriate, but evidence does not show extra strength, power, or anaerobic performance in athletes who are already sufficient
929 · Nicotinamide riboside x improved fatigue and daily vitality in adults
Verdict 929 · Evidence Grade D · 27 · 4 cited sources
Nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ metabolites, but clinical evidence does not show that this makes adults feel less tired or more energetic
930 · Taurine x improved sleep onset and quality when taken alone at bedtime
Verdict 930 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Taurine has preclinical sleep mechanisms, but no clinical trial shows that taking taurine alone at bedtime improves human sleep onset or quality
931 · Estradiol x reduction of moderate-to-severe menopausal hot flashes and vasomotor symptoms
Verdict 931 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 4 cited sources
Estradiol is the most effective treatment for moderate-to-severe menopausal hot flashes, but individual contraindications and endometrial, thrombotic, and cancer risks must be assessed
932 · Desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol x pregnancy prevention with correct use
Verdict 932 · Evidence Grade A · 80 · 5 cited sources
Pregnancy prevention is highly effective with correct use, but missed pills and individual thrombotic and cardiovascular contraindications determine real-world suitability
933 · Isotretinoin x lesion remission in severe, scarring-risk, or treatment-refractory acne
Verdict 933 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 5 cited sources
Isotretinoin is among the most powerful remission-inducing treatments for severe scarring-risk acne, but it is not a guaranteed permanent cure and pregnancy is absolutely contraindicated
934 · Sodium picosulfate x improved complete spontaneous bowel movements and stool status in chronic constipation
Verdict 934 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Sodium picosulfate improves complete spontaneous bowel movements and stool status over the short term, but prolonged self-treatment should not continue without reassessing the cause
935 · Amlodipine x sustained blood-pressure and cardiovascular-risk reduction in adult hypertension
Verdict 935 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 4 cited sources
Once-daily amlodipine has established sustained blood-pressure and cardiovascular-prevention efficacy, but edema and comorbid heart failure can change the preferred treatment
936 · Broad-spectrum sunscreen x slower photoaging progression with daily use
Verdict 936 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 2 cited sources
Adequately applied daily broad-spectrum sunscreen slows photoaging, but reapplication and product selection remain important
937 · MCT oil x small reductions in weight, body fat, and waist when replacing long-chain fat
Verdict 937 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 3 cited sources
MCT may produce small weight and fat reductions when replacing another fat, while adding it can simply increase calorie intake
938 · Topical caffeine x reduced shedding and improved density in pattern hair loss
Verdict 938 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 4 cited sources
Topical caffeine has selected shedding signals, but evidence from specific combination products cannot be generalized to every shampoo or tonic
939 · Green tea extract or EGCG x improved liver enzymes in MASLD or NAFLD
Verdict 939 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 4 cited sources
Green tea extract may modestly lower liver enzymes in fatty liver, but high-dose EGCG can itself cause liver injury
940 · Irish sea moss x appetite suppression and weight loss
Verdict 940 · Evidence Grade ? · 5 cited sources
Sea moss has no human weight-loss trial, appetite evidence is limited to an unpublished acute study, and iodine and heavy-metal variability remain separate concerns
941 · Updated mRNA COVID-19 vaccine x prevention of hospitalization, severe disease, and death in high-risk people
Verdict 941 · Evidence Grade A · 90 · 4 cited sources
Evidence for preventing severe outcomes in high-risk people is strong, but effectiveness varies with variants and time, making updated vaccination important
942 · Donepezil x symptomatic relief of cognition and daily function in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer dementia
Verdict 942 · Evidence Grade B · 69 · 3 cited sources
Donepezil can modestly relieve symptoms of established Alzheimer dementia but does not stop disease progression
943 · Losartan potassium x reduced end-stage kidney disease and worsening renal function in proteinuric type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Verdict 943 · Evidence Grade A · 82 · 3 cited sources
A large prescription-drug trial directly reduced end-stage kidney disease and doubling of serum creatinine, supporting A; death was not reduced
944 · Naltrexone 50 mg x reduced heavy drinking and return to drinking in alcohol use disorder with counseling
Verdict 944 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
When used with counseling, naltrexone reduces heavy-drinking relapse more clearly than it produces complete abstinence
945 · Acetaminophen x pain freedom within two hours during acute episodic tension-type headache
Verdict 945 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 3 cited sources
A 1000-mg dose modestly increases two-hour pain freedom, but the effect is small and duplicate or frequent use should be avoided
946 · Lion's mane mushroom x clinically meaningful treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms
Verdict 946 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 3 cited sources
Preliminary symptom signals exist, but lion's mane is not established as a treatment for depression or anxiety
947 · Rhodiola x induction of response and remission in mild-to-moderate major depressive disorder
Verdict 947 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
A positive 89-person randomized trial supports C, but independent replication is limited. Item 072 on rhodiola for fatigue and stress concerns a different efficacy axis
948 · Activated charcoal capsules x reduced alcohol absorption, blood alcohol, and hangover
Verdict 948 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
Activated charcoal does not lower blood alcohol or prevent hangover
949 · Does ramelteon reduce objective sleep-onset latency in chronic insomnia?
Verdict 949 · Evidence Grade C · 57 · 4 cited sources
The approximately 9.57-minute objective reduction fell below the guideline's clinical-significance threshold. Prescription-trial evidence is stronger than for melatonin, but efficacy is smaller than for Z-drugs, supporting C.
950 · Does shilajit slow human aging or extend healthspan or lifespan?
Verdict 950 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Direct clinical trials of shilajit for delayed human aging, healthspan, or lifespan were not identified. This is a different axis from the C-rated testosterone and sperm claim, while heavy-metal contamination and product variability are separate safety concerns.
951 · Mesalamine x induction and maintenance of clinical remission in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis
Verdict 951 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 3 cited sources
Mesalamine induces and maintains remission in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis but is not sufficient monotherapy for severe or refractory disease
952 · Metronidazole x reduced discharge and odor and clinical cure of symptomatic bacterial vaginosis
Verdict 952 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
Metronidazole improves odor, discharge, and short-term cure in symptomatic bacterial vaginosis but does not establish permanent normalization without recurrence
953 · Olopatadine eye drops x relief of ocular itching and redness in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Verdict 953 · Evidence Grade B · 71 · 3 cited sources
Olopatadine eye drops relieve itching and redness in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis over the short term but do not remove the allergic disease itself
954 · Extended-release phentermine/topiramate x 56-week reductions in body weight and waist circumference in adults with obesity
Verdict 954 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 3 cited sources
Extended-release phentermine/topiramate reduces 56-week body weight and waist circumference with lifestyle treatment but carries pregnancy contraindication and substantial safety constraints
955 · Topical 5% to 8% glycolic acid x improved rough texture and fine lines in photoaged skin
Verdict 955 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Topical 5% to 8% glycolic acid may modestly smooth photoaged texture, but fine-line evidence is limited and irritation and ultraviolet sensitivity require management
956 · Dulaglutide x lower HbA1c and reduce MACE in type 2 diabetes
Verdict 956 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 2 cited sources
Dulaglutide lowers HbA1c and reduces MACE in higher-risk type 2 diabetes, while prescribing suitability and safety remain separate questions
957 · Carvedilol x prevention of first decompensation in compensated cirrhosis with CSPH
Verdict 957 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 3 cited sources
Carvedilol probably prevents first decompensation in compensated cirrhosis with CSPH, but it is off-label specialist therapy requiring careful selection and monitoring
958 · Coenzyme Q10 x improved aerobic, anaerobic, and strength performance in healthy exercisers
Verdict 958 · Evidence Grade D · 31 · 3 cited sources
Coenzyme Q10 raises circulating levels but does not reliably improve aerobic, anaerobic, or strength performance in healthy exercisers
959 · Korean red ginseng x improved maximal oxygen uptake, endurance, and power in healthy adults
Verdict 959 · Evidence Grade D · 29 · 3 cited sources
Korean red ginseng does not consistently improve maximal oxygen uptake, endurance, or power in healthy adults, and signals from a specific ginsenoside material cannot be generalized
960 · Caprylic acid x eradication of intestinal Candida and improvement of bloating
Verdict 960 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Caprylic acid has in vitro antifungal activity, but no human evidence shows that oral use eradicates intestinal Candida or improves bloating
961 · Flurazepam x improved sleep onset and maintenance in short-term insomnia
Verdict 961 · Evidence Grade B · 62 · 3 cited sources
Flurazepam works for short-term insomnia, but its long residual action and dependence risk make a brief, tightly supervised course important
962 · Reishi mushroom extract x sleep onset, nocturnal awakenings, and sleep quality in adult insomnia
Verdict 962 · Evidence Grade D · 25 · 3 cited sources
Reishi sleep signals remain preclinical, and clinical benefit from monotherapy in adults with insomnia has not been established
963 · Hydrocortisone x correction of deficiency symptoms and prevention of adrenal crisis in primary adrenal insufficiency
Verdict 963 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 3 cited sources
Hydrocortisone is life-preserving replacement for confirmed cortisol deficiency, not a general treatment for fatigue or so-called adrenal fatigue
964 · L-carnitine x reduced residual mental fatigue during levothyroxine treatment
Verdict 964 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 3 cited sources
A small mental-fatigue signal does not establish overall fatigue relief and cannot replace levothyroxine treatment or evaluation of residual symptoms
965 · Celecoxib x pain, stiffness, and function in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Verdict 965 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 4 cited sources
Celecoxib genuinely relieves knee-osteoarthritis symptoms but does not modify joint structure and requires cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal risk review
966 · Cissus quadrangularis x faster fracture union with reduced pain and swelling
Verdict 966 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 5 cited sources
Cissus has preliminary signals for fracture pain and healing, but it is not proven to accelerate union or replace standard fixation care
967 · Vardenafil x improved erectile function, penetration, and intercourse success
Verdict 967 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 5 cited sources
Vardenafil reliably improves erectile function and intercourse success, but it must never be combined with nitrates
968 · Irish sea moss x improved testosterone, libido, and male vitality
Verdict 968 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
No human study shows that sea moss raises testosterone or libido in healthy men, while iodine and contaminant risks still require attention
969 · Bisoprolol x reduced death, sudden death, and hospitalization in stable symptomatic HFrEF
Verdict 969 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 4 cited sources
Bisoprolol reduces death and hospitalization in stable HFrEF, but it must be titrated from a low dose and never stopped abruptly
970 · Sublingual nitroglycerin x rapid short-term relief of acute angina
Verdict 970 · Evidence Grade B · 64 · 5 cited sources
Sublingual nitroglycerin rapidly relieves angina, but it does not replace emergency evaluation of persistent pain or long-term prognostic treatment
971 · Lamotrigine x delayed depressive-episode recurrence during bipolar I maintenance
Verdict 971 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Lamotrigine delays depressive recurrence in stabilized bipolar I disorder but is not a rapid acute treatment and requires slow titration
972 · Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 x reduced visceral fat area and waist circumference over 12 weeks
Verdict 972 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 2 cited sources
A high-dose BNR17 visceral-fat-area signal exists, but independent replication of waist or weight loss is lacking
973 · Atomoxetine x reduced core symptoms of adult ADHD
Verdict 973 · Evidence Grade B · 73 · 4 cited sources
Atomoxetine reduces adult ADHD core symptoms, but benefit develops gradually and is smaller on average than stimulant effects
974 · Tdap during pregnancy x prevention of early-infant pertussis and hospitalization
Verdict 974 · Evidence Grade A · 91 · 5 cited sources
Tdap at 27 to 36 weeks in every pregnancy markedly reduces pertussis and hospitalization in newborn infants
975 · Permethrin 5% x mite clearance and clinical cure of classic scabies
Verdict 975 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 4 cited sources
Permethrin 5% has high cure rates with correct repeat application and simultaneous contact treatment, but regional treatment failure occurs
976 · Linagliptin x lower 24-week HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes
Verdict 976 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 4 cited sources
Linagliptin lowers 24-week glycemic markers but has not thereby demonstrated cardiovascular protection or weight loss
977 · Inhaled lavender essential oil x improved sleep onset, maintenance, and quality in adults with poor sleep
Verdict 977 · Evidence Grade C · 41 · 4 cited sources
Lavender odor has a subjective sleep-quality signal but is not established as a treatment for sleep onset or maintenance
978 · Cinnamon bark x clinically meaningful weight, BMI, and body-fat reduction in adults with overweight or obesity
Verdict 978 · Evidence Grade D · 33 · 4 cited sources
Cinnamon's small statistical weight signal does not amount to clinically meaningful weight or body-fat loss
979 · Topical vitamin E x cosmetic improvement of postsurgical scars and prevention of hypertrophic scars
Verdict 979 · Evidence Grade F · 16 · 5 cited sources
Topical vitamin E has not improved surgical scars and may worsen them through contact dermatitis
980 · Desiccated beef liver x increased everyday energy and reduced fatigue in nondeficient adults
Verdict 980 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
No human trial shows that desiccated beef liver improves energy or fatigue in adults without a nutritional deficiency
981 · Bromfenac ophthalmic solution x reduced inflammation and ocular pain after cataract surgery
Verdict 981 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 3 cited sources
Bromfenac reduces short-term inflammation and pain after cataract surgery but does not establish complete recovery or long-term complication prevention
982 · Peginterferon alfa-2a x sustained response after finite therapy for chronic hepatitis B
Verdict 982 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 3 cited sources
Selected patients may gain a sustained response from a finite 48-week course, but only about one third respond and toxicity is substantial
983 · AAKG x preworkout bench-press and leg-press strength and repetitions
Verdict 983 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 2 cited sources
Mechanistic pump claims do not establish that one preworkout dose of AAKG improves bench- or leg-press strength or repetitions
984 · Raloxifene x reduced new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Verdict 984 · Evidence Grade B · 77 · 3 cited sources
Raloxifene reduces new vertebral fractures, but hip and total nonvertebral prevention is unproven and thrombotic risk matters
985 · Topical tretinoin x fine wrinkles, mottled pigmentation, and rough texture in facial photoaging
Verdict 985 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 3 cited sources
Topical tretinoin mitigates fine wrinkles, mottled pigmentation, and rough texture over months but does not eliminate or reverse photoaging
986 · Clonazepam x reduced frequency and intensity of dream enactment in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder
Verdict 986 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 3 cited sources
Clonazepam may reduce RBD dream enactment, but the evidence is predominantly observational and the safety burden is substantial
987 · Recombinant glucagon x emergency recovery from severe diabetic hypoglycemia
Verdict 987 · Evidence Grade B · 79 · 4 cited sources
Recombinant glucagon is an established emergency rescue medicine for restoring glucose and consciousness when severe diabetic hypoglycemia prevents swallowing
988 · Divalproex x improved symptoms and treatment response in adult bipolar I acute mania
Verdict 988 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 4 cited sources
Divalproex improves symptoms and response in adult acute mania, but pregnancy, hepatic, pancreatic, and hematologic risks require strict management
989 · Highly mineralized alkaline water x improved exercise hydration, lactate recovery, and anaerobic performance
Verdict 989 · Evidence Grade D · 33 · 5 cited sources
Highly mineralized alkaline water can alter selected surrogate measures, but superiority over regular water for exercise performance has not been reproduced
990 · Topical beef tallow x treatment-level improvement of itching, inflammation, and barrier damage in atopic eczema
Verdict 990 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
No human trial shows that beef tallow treats atopic itching, inflammation, or skin-barrier damage
991 · Nepafenac x prevention of macular edema and visual loss after cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy
Verdict 991 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 3 cited sources
Nepafenac helps prevent macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy but does not replace treatment of established diabetic macular edema
992 · Pramipexole x improved nocturnal symptoms and sleep satisfaction in moderate-to-severe idiopathic restless legs syndrome
Verdict 992 · Evidence Grade B · 75 · 3 cited sources
Short-term restless-legs symptoms and sleep satisfaction improve, but long-term augmentation and impulse-control disorders require active monitoring
993 · Bakuchiol 0.5% x improvement of facial photoaging wrinkles and hyperpigmentation
Verdict 993 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
Specific 0.5% formulations may modestly improve wrinkles and pigmentation, but this does not make every bakuchiol product equivalent to retinol
994 · Low-dose aspirin 100 mg x longer disability-free survival and healthspan in healthy adults aged 70 years or older
Verdict 994 · Evidence Grade F · 8 · 3 cited sources
Aspirin did not extend disability-free survival in healthy older adults and increased major hemorrhage and all-cause mortality
995 · Insulin degludec x reduced symptomatic and severe hypoglycemia in high-risk type 1 diabetes
Verdict 995 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 3 cited sources
Degludec reduces hypoglycemia versus glargine U100 in high-risk type 1 diabetes, but it does not eliminate the risk
996 · Propranolol x prevention of a first bleed from large esophageal varices in cirrhosis
Verdict 996 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 5 cited sources
Propranolol reliably reduces first bleeding from large esophageal varices, but specialist dosing must account for blood pressure, pulse, ascites, and kidney function
997 · Lithium carbonate x prevention of mood-episode recurrence in stabilized bipolar I disorder
Verdict 997 · Evidence Grade A · 82 · 5 cited sources
Lithium is one of the best-established medicines for bipolar relapse prevention, but its narrow therapeutic index makes regular blood testing essential
998 · Silodosin x improved urinary symptoms, flow, and quality of life in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Verdict 998 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 5 cited sources
Silodosin improves urinary symptoms and flow but does not shrink the prostate, and counseling about ejaculation and cataract-surgery risk is important
999 · Self-instilled 100% castor oil x dissolution or reversal of age-related cataract and restored vision
Verdict 999 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
There is no human evidence that castor oil dissolves cataract, and nonsterile general-purpose oil risks infection, corneal injury, and harmful delay of surgery
