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001 · Oral low-molecular-weight collagen × skin hydration and elasticity
Verdict 001 · Evidence Grade B · 9 cited sources
There are many human studies, but most were funded by companies that sell collagen
002 · Oral glutathione × whitening
Verdict 002 · Evidence Grade C · 9 cited sources
There are small studies, but they conflict with one another, and no study has ever shown the full path through to "it becomes brighter because you take it orally"
003 · Probiotics × dieting and body-fat reduction
Verdict 003 · Evidence Grade C · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
004 · Red ginseng x immunity
Verdict 004 · Evidence Grade C · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
005 · Milk thistle (silymarin) x liver health and fatigue
Verdict 005 · Evidence Grade C · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
006 · Lutein and zeaxanthin x eye health (macula)
Verdict 006 · Evidence Grade C · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
007 · Policosanol x cholesterol
Verdict 007 · Evidence Grade D · 8 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
008 · Garcinia (HCA) x body fat reduction
Verdict 008 · Evidence Grade D · 9 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
009 · Biotin x hair loss and hair
Verdict 009 · Evidence Grade D · 8 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
010 · Omega-3 x blood flow and cardiovascular health
Verdict 010 · Evidence Grade C · 5 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
011 · Probiotics x gut health and bowel movements
Verdict 011 · Evidence Grade C · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
012 · Vitamin D x immunity and cold prevention
Verdict 012 · Evidence Grade C · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
013 · Magnesium x sleep and eye twitching
Verdict 013 · Evidence Grade D · 6 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
014 · Glucosamine x joint pain
Verdict 014 · Evidence Grade D · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
015 · MSM x joints
Verdict 015 · Evidence Grade D · 6 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
016 · Green-lipped mussel x joints
Verdict 016 · Evidence Grade C · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
017 · Boswellia x joint inflammation
Verdict 017 · Evidence Grade C · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
018 · Krill oil x 'better absorbed than omega-3' claim
Verdict 018 · Evidence Grade D · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
019 · Coenzyme Q10 x antioxidant and blood pressure
Verdict 019 · Evidence Grade C · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
020 · Banaba leaf (corosolic acid) x blood glucose
Verdict 020 · Evidence Grade C · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
021 · Bitter melon and Jerusalem artichoke x blood glucose
Verdict 021 · Evidence Grade D · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
022 · Cissus x diet
Verdict 022 · Evidence Grade D · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
023 · CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) x body fat
Verdict 023 · Evidence Grade D · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
024 · Green tea catechins x body fat
Verdict 024 · Evidence Grade D · 8 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
025 · Spinach extract (thylakoids) x appetite suppression
Verdict 025 · Evidence Grade C · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
026 · Saw palmetto x prostate and hair loss
Verdict 026 · Evidence Grade F · 7 cited sources
No effect has been repeatedly confirmed
027 · Brewer’s yeast x hair loss
Verdict 027 · Evidence Grade D · 6 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
028 · Pantothenic acid x skin and hair loss
Verdict 028 · Evidence Grade C · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
029 · Oral hyaluronic acid x skin moisturization
Verdict 029 · Evidence Grade C · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
030 · Oral ceramides x skin barrier
Verdict 030 · Evidence Grade C · 5 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
031 · NMN x anti-aging
Verdict 031 · Evidence Grade D · 7 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
032 · Collagen x joints and bone
Verdict 032 · Evidence Grade C · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
033 · Elastin x skin elasticity and wrinkles
Verdict 033 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
034 · Low-molecular collagen “absorption rate” x molecular-weight marketing
Verdict 034 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 5 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
035 · Ashwagandha x stress and cortisol
Verdict 035 · Evidence Grade B · 61 · 9 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
036 · L-theanine x sleep and tension relief
Verdict 036 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
037 · Lactium x sleep and stress relief
Verdict 037 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 13 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
038 · Ecklonia cava extract x sleep
Verdict 038 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
039 · Arginine x fatigue and vitality
Verdict 039 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
040 · Octacosanol x fatigue and endurance
Verdict 040 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
041 · Propolis x immunity/oral: general immune-function/cold-prevention claims and oral antibacterial/gum/plaque claims evaluated separately
Verdict 041 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
042 · Zinc x immunity and common cold
Verdict 042 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
043 · High-dose vitamin C x cold prevention and anticancer claims (cold occurrence prevention, cold treatment/duration shortening, cancer prevention, cancer treatment/adjuvant therapy separated by efficacy)
Verdict 043 · Evidence Grade F · 12 · 16 cited sources
No effect has been repeatedly confirmed
044 · Heat-killed lactic acid bacteria x superiority claim that they are clinically better than live probiotics
Verdict 044 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 4 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
045 · Chondroitin x claims for joint and cartilage health, improvement of osteoarthritis pain and function, and maintenance of joint space
Verdict 045 · Evidence Grade D · 35 · 9 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
046 · Spirulina and chlorella x detoxification and immunity
Verdict 046 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 9 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
047 · Noni x anti-inflammatory and cure-all-style claims
Verdict 047 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 12 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
048 · Barley sprout x diet and liver
Verdict 048 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 8 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
049 · ABC juice x stomach health and detoxification
Verdict 049 · Evidence Grade C · 40 · 10 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
050 · Iron x fatigue
Verdict 050 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 12 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
051 · Aquaporin x skin moisture
Verdict 051 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 6 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited · based on topical (cosmetic) use · oral use lacks evidence
052 · Ginkgo biloba leaf extract x memory, cognition, and blood circulation
Verdict 052 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 11 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
053 · Complex extract including Cynanchum wilfordii x relief of menopausal symptoms in women
Verdict 053 · Evidence Grade B · 63 · 14 cited sources
There is human evidence, but it has limitations
054 · Red yeast rice x cholesterol improvement
Verdict 054 · Evidence Grade C · 59 · 14 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
055 · Nattokinase x blood clots and blood circulation
Verdict 055 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials
056 · Maca x vitality and male function (sexual desire, erectile function, late-onset hypogonadism symptoms, sperm parameters)
Verdict 056 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 10 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
057 · Evening primrose oil x PMS (discomfort due to premenstrual changes) and skin (immune hypersensitivity/atopic dermatitis, dryness, itching)
Verdict 057 · Evidence Grade F · 15 · 11 cited sources
No effect has been repeatedly confirmed
058 · Cranberry x urinary tract and bladder health: inhibition of harmful bacterial adhesion in the urinary tract and reduced risk of recurrent urinary tract infection
Verdict 058 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 15 cited sources
There is human evidence, but it has limitations
059 · Undenatured type II collagen x joint pain, function, and flexibility
Verdict 059 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 8 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
060 · GABA x stress and sleep
Verdict 060 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 10 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
061 · Phosphatidylserine x cognition, memory, and concentration
Verdict 061 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 10 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
062 · Psyllium husk x smooth bowel movements and improvement of blood cholesterol
Verdict 062 · Evidence Grade A · 84 · 15 cited sources
Evidence is relatively strong
063 · Soy isoflavones x menopausal symptoms in women, especially vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes/night sweats
Verdict 063 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 8 cited sources
Evidence is conflicting or limited
064 · Curcumin (turmeric, curcumin/turmeric) × anti-inflammatory and joint health
Verdict 064 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
065 · Creatine (creatine monohydrate) × strength and exercise performance
Verdict 065 · Evidence Grade A · 92 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is relatively strong.
066 · L-carnitine × body fat and dieting
Verdict 066 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 11 cited sources
Human evidence exists, but it has limitations.
067 · Taurine × fatigue and vitality
Verdict 067 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
068 · B-complex vitamins × fatigue
Verdict 068 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
069 · Calcium (supplement) × bone health, maintenance of bone mineral density, and fracture prevention
Verdict 069 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 15 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
070 · Vitamin E (high-dose alpha-tocopherol; mainly d-alpha or dl-alpha-tocopherol/acetate, including products of 400 IU or higher) × antioxidant and cardiovascular health/cardiovascular disease prevention
Verdict 070 · Evidence Grade F · 10 · 12 cited sources
Repeated evidence has confirmed no effect.
071 · Selenium × antioxidant and immune function
Verdict 071 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
072 · Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) × fatigue and stress
Verdict 072 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
073 · Vitamin K2 (MK-7, menaquinone-7) × bone health and vascular calcification/calcium metabolism
Verdict 073 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
074 · Whey protein (WPI/WPC) × muscle and dieting
Verdict 074 · Evidence Grade B · 78 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence exists, but it has limitations.
075 · Manuka honey (MGO/UMF) × stomach health, Helicobacter pylori, GERD symptoms, and immunity
Verdict 075 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
076 · Garlic × blood pressure and cholesterol
Verdict 076 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 13 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
077 · Beet × blood pressure and exercise performance
Verdict 077 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 8 cited sources
Human evidence exists, but it has limitations.
078 · Citrulline × exercise performance and blood-flow/nitric-oxide-related support
Verdict 078 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
079 · BCAA × muscle and exercise (muscle mass/strength/exercise performance, post-exercise recovery and muscle soreness)
Verdict 079 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
080 · Glutamine × gut, exercise recovery, and immunity
Verdict 080 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
081 · Chaga mushroom × immune-function enhancement and anticancer/cancer-prevention or adjunct claims
Verdict 081 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
082 · Reishi mushroom × immune function
Verdict 082 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
083 · Cordyceps × vitality, immunity, and exercise
Verdict 083 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
084 · Lion's mane mushroom × cognition, memory, and nerves
Verdict 084 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
085 · Ginger × digestion, anti-inflammatory effects, and nausea
Verdict 085 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 14 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
086 · Aloe × gut health, bowel movements, and skin health
Verdict 086 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
087 · Colostrum × immunity and gut
Verdict 087 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
088 · Bilberry extract (anthocyanins/anthocyanosides) × eye fatigue, eye health, vision/night vision, and dry-eye-related claims
Verdict 088 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
089 · Astaxanthin (astaxanthin, Haematococcus extract) × eye fatigue, skin health, and antioxidant effects
Verdict 089 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
090 · Resveratrol × anti-aging and cardiovascular
Verdict 090 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
091 · Fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae such as sea mustard and kelp) × immune and anticancer claims
Verdict 091 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
092 · Chromium (mainly chromium picolinate) × blood-glucose management and dieting/weight loss
Verdict 092 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
093 · Cinnamon (cinnamon; mainly cassia cinnamon/Ceylon cinnamon and cinnamon extract) × blood glucose
Verdict 093 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 13 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
094 · Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA, alpha-lipoic acid, thioctic acid) × antioxidant, blood glucose, and nerves
Verdict 094 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
095 · Balloon flower root (Platycodon grandiflorus, platycodin/platycodin D-series saponins) × bronchial health, cough, and phlegm
Verdict 095 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
096 · Flaxseed (lignans, flaxseed) × menopausal symptoms (hot flashes/night sweats), gut health (constipation/bowel movements), cholesterol (LDL/total cholesterol)
Verdict 096 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 15 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
097 · Tart cherry (Montmorency, Prunus cerasus) × improving sleep quality/sleep duration and post-exercise muscle recovery
Verdict 097 · Evidence Grade B · 68 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
098 · NAC (N-acetylcysteine) × liver, respiratory health, and antioxidant effects
Verdict 098 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 14 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
099 · Kimchi-derived probiotics (plant-derived lactic acid bacteria) × gut health
Verdict 099 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 3 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
100 · Melatonin × sleep
Verdict 100 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 13 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
101 · Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) × sleep and anxiety
Verdict 101 · Evidence Grade C · 44 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited
102 · Saffron (Crocus sativus) × depression and mood
Verdict 102 · Evidence Grade B · 76 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence exists but has limitations
103 · St. John's wort (St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum) × depression
Verdict 103 · Evidence Grade A · 82 · 15 cited sources
The evidence is comparatively strong
104 · Glucomannan (konjac) x weight loss and satiety
Verdict 104 · Evidence Grade D · 34 · 12 cited sources
Human evidence is insufficient or was not confirmed in key trials.
105 · Chitosan, including chitosan derivatives/polyglucosamine x fat absorption inhibition and body fat/body weight reduction
Verdict 105 · Evidence Grade C · 42 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
106 · Green coffee (chlorogenic acids; green coffee bean extract/chlorogenic acid) x weight loss and body weight/body fat reduction
Verdict 106 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
107 · Oat beta-glucan x blood cholesterol improvement (LDL-C and total cholesterol)
Verdict 107 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is relatively strong.
108 · Lactoferrin x immune function, iron, and gut health
Verdict 108 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
109 · Inositol (myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol) x PCOS, mood, and blood glucose
Verdict 109 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
110 · Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) x fatigue and anemia
Verdict 110 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
111 · Choline x liver health/fatty liver and cognition/memory
Verdict 111 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
112 · Pycnogenol x antioxidant, vascular, and skin effects
Verdict 112 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 11 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
113 · Grape seed extract x antioxidant, vascular, and edema effects
Verdict 113 · Evidence Grade C · 56 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
114 · Quercetin x allergy, antioxidant, and immune effects
Verdict 114 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
115 · Bromelain x digestive support and relief of inflammation/edema
Verdict 115 · Evidence Grade C · 45 · 6 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
116 · Fructooligosaccharides x gut health and smoother bowel movements
Verdict 116 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 8 cited sources
Human evidence exists, but it has limitations.
117 · Hovenia dulcis fruit x liver health and hangover
Verdict 117 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
118 · Cocoa flavanols x cognitive function and vascular/blood-flow health
Verdict 118 · Evidence Grade C · 48 · 12 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
119 · Caffeine x alertness and exercise performance
Verdict 119 · Evidence Grade A · 88 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is relatively strong.
120 · Multivitamin x general health, fatigue, and disease prevention
Verdict 120 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 7 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
121 · Folate x compound claims for anemia, pregnancy, and cardiovascular health
Verdict 121 · Evidence Grade C · 58 · 9 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
122 · Schisandra x fatigue, liver, and antioxidant effects
Verdict 122 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 8 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
123 · Gelatin x joints, skin, and hair
Verdict 123 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 10 cited sources
The evidence is conflicting or limited.
124 · Vitamin A (retinol/beta-carotene) × Eye health, night blindness, skin, and immunity
Verdict 124 · Evidence Grade B · 60 · 4 cited sources
The evidence is relatively strong under deficiency conditions, but general improvement claims are limited
125 · Potassium × Blood pressure
Verdict 125 · Evidence Grade B · 74 · 4 cited sources
Blood pressure evidence is relatively consistent, but interpretation changes depending on participant safety
126 · Iodine × Thyroid function
Verdict 126 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
Evidence for correcting deficiency is distinct from general supplementation claims
127 · Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) × PMS and morning sickness
Verdict 127 · Evidence Grade B · 58 · 4 cited sources
Evidence for morning sickness is B, while evidence for PMS is closer to C
128 · Niacin (vitamin B3) × Cholesterol and lipids
Verdict 128 · Evidence Grade D · 36 · 4 cited sources
Lipid surrogate markers and cardiovascular clinical outcomes diverge
129 · Riboflavin (vitamin B2) × Migraine prevention
Verdict 129 · Evidence Grade B · 66 · 4 cited sources
When limited to adult high-dose migraine prevention, the evidence is relatively strong
130 · HMB x muscle mass, strength, and sarcopenia (older adults)
Verdict 130 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
There is a muscle-mass signal, but evidence for functional improvement is limited.
131 · Beta-alanine x exercise performance (high-intensity and endurance)
Verdict 131 · Evidence Grade B · 72 · 4 cited sources
Evidence is relatively good when limited to short, high-intensity performance.
132 · Betaine (TMG) x exercise performance and homocysteine
Verdict 132 · Evidence Grade C · 46 · 5 cited sources
Blood-level claims and exercise-performance claims should be evaluated separately.
133 · L-tryptophan x sleep and mood
Verdict 133 · Evidence Grade C · 47 · 3 cited sources
The clinical evidence is relatively weak compared with the precursor mechanism.
134 · 5-HTP x mood, appetite, and sleep
Verdict 134 · Evidence Grade C · 43 · 3 cited sources
For this ingredient, safety and interaction checks matter more than the efficacy claim.
135 · Alpha-GPC x cognition and exercise performance
Verdict 135 · Evidence Grade C · 50 · 3 cited sources
Studies in cognitive impairment should be distinguished from supplement claims for healthy people.
136 · Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) x cognition and diabetic neuropathy
Verdict 136 · Evidence Grade C · 49 · 3 cited sources
Evidence for neuropathy in patients should be distinguished from general cognitive-supplement claims.
137 · Bacopa monnieri x memory and cognition
Verdict 137 · Evidence Grade C · 52 · 4 cited sources
There are some test signals, but the evidence is limited.
138 · PQQ x energy and cognition
Verdict 138 · Evidence Grade ? · 4 cited sources
Human efficacy evidence is still insufficient to grade.
139 · Spermidine x aging, autophagy, and cognition
Verdict 139 · Evidence Grade ? · 3 cited sources
Human efficacy evidence is still insufficient to grade.
140 · Artichoke leaf extract x cholesterol, digestion, and liver
Verdict 140 · Evidence Grade C · 55 · 4 cited sources
Blood and liver-enzyme values should be distinguished from clinical prevention effects.
141 · Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) x stress, anxiety, and sleep
Verdict 141 · Evidence Grade C · 54 · 4 cited sources
There are signals for anxiety and stress, but not at a confirmatory level.
