CHAMGAP
APPROVEDReviewed and approved by the Chamgap Editorial Team (2026-08-18). The draft was written by AI, the existence of all 1 cited sources was verified at the original page, and the verdict passed blind grading and adversarial audit. Methodology v0.7.
Verdict No. 2785 · Search date 2026-08-18 · Methodology v0.7

Plinabulin vs pegfilgrastim,
does it really help with Noninferior duration of severe neutropenia during cycle 1 of docetaxel?

30-Second Summary
C
Evidence Grade C · 50 · Safety caution
Plinabulin met boundary-line noninferiority to pegfilgrastim but did not show superiority
In the plinabulin group, adverse events occurred in 51/52 participants (98.1%) and serious adverse events in 8 (15.7%). Common grade 3-4 adverse events included hematologic events such as decreased neutrophil count, decreased white blood cell count, and neutropenia. Hospitalization occurred in 7/52 versus 5/53, infection in 4/52 versus 8/53, and febrile neutropenia in 0 versus 1. Three deaths occurred in each arm. Because this was a small trial combined with chemotherapy, this burden cannot be attributed to plinabulin alone; investigators did not judge the deaths or serious adverse events to be drug-related, and severity did not differ substantially between groups. Use during chemotherapy requires specialist supervision.
What the
research shows
The grade is C. PROTECTIVE-1 randomized 105 participants in a double-blind, double-dummy phase 3 trial. Cycle-1 duration of severe neutropenia was 0.77 days with plinabulin and 0.25 days with pegfilgrastim. The 0.52-day difference had a 98.52% CI of 0.40 to 0.65 days, meeting the prespecified 0.65-day noninferiority limit at the boundary, but superiority failed. A small, early-stopped, active-control-only noninferiority trial within the manufacturer's development program gives C with 50 points.
What the
ads claim
Noninferiority does not mean better prevention than pegfilgrastim. Mean severe-neutropenia duration was actually 0.52 days longer with plinabulin.
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Useful facts when choosing a product

  • Plinabulin was given on the day of docetaxel and pegfilgrastim the next day.
  • Double-dummy masking used matching placebos, but there was no untreated or true placebo control arm.
  • The investigational drugs were distinct from the neutrophil-count assessment.
Gap Measurement · Verdict 2785 · C 50
What advertising claims
What independent, higher-quality research supports
△ GAP
01

What the research actually shows

Seventeen centers randomized 52 and 53 participants, and every randomized participant received at least one dose, so intention-to-treat and safety populations were both 105. The article describes a "double-blind randomized clinical trial" and a double-dummy comparison of plinabulin plus pegfilgrastim placebo versus pegfilgrastim plus plinabulin placebo. Planned enrollment was 150, but the study stopped at 105 after the planned interim analysis because COVID-19 disrupted patient and sample transport, a resource and logistics limitation. Four design limitations apply: fewer than 200 participants, noninferiority design, active control without a true placebo group, and early stopping. BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals received China's 13th Five-Year Innovation Grant; its chief medical officer designed the trial and company personnel participated in data collection, analysis, manuscript preparation, and the submission decision. Blayney's institution received BeyondSpring grants and travel support, while Mohanlal and Huang disclosed company stock and patents. A separate statement of free trial-drug supply was not identified, but the confirmed efficacy evidence is entirely from the manufacturer's program.

02

Why this is classified as C (50)

The prespecified noninferiority margin was met at the boundary, but a surrogate endpoint, manufacturer-only evidence, and multiple design limitations give C with 50 points.

Counterpoint. Convenience and less bone pain may matter separately, but they do not establish superior neutropenia prevention.

Rejudgment record. Cross-check applied — Cross-checked the article, protocol, and registry for the 105-person intention-to-treat set, double-dummy active-control noninferiority design, 0.65-day margin, COVID-19 logistics stop, manufacturer role, and author disclosures

Scoring profile behind this grade
EndpointSSurrogate marker - laboratory or imaging measures
ReplicationR1Single confirmatory trial
IndependenceI0Evidence comes only from manufacturer studies
Effect sizeE+Meets the clinically important threshold

The scoring table and the verdict agree (C).

Sub-claim grades by effect

This ingredient is marketed for several effects. A single overall grade blends strong and weak claims together, so each effect is graded separately here. The overall grade reflects the strongest disconfirming or core claim.

Effect (sub-claim)GradeBasis
Noninferior duration of severe neutropenia versus pegfilgrastimCThe 0.52-day difference had a rounded upper confidence bound of 0.65 days.
Superior prevention versus pegfilgrastimDThe superiority test failed.

Cross-check — Codex and Claude

This verdict was drafted by Codex through literature review and source-existence checks, cross-checked through blind grading and adversarial audit, and settled by reapplying the methodology boundary rules. Cases with split grades were resolved through rejudgment.
03

Evidence Table

StudyDesignSampleFundingEndpointResultWeight
Study 1Seventeen-center double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled phase 3 noninferiority randomized trial53BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals received a Chinese innovation grant; company personnel participated in design, collection, analysis, writing, and the submission decisionDuration of severe neutropenia in cycle 10.77 versus 0.25 days, difference 0.52 days (98.52% CI 0.40-0.65); boundary-line success at the 0.65-day noninferiority margin and failed superiorityManufacturer-only small early-stopped active-controlled noninferiority trial
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Receipt — 1 References

All 1 cited sources were verified for existence at the original page (as of 2026-08-18).

Blayney DW, Mohanlal R, Adamchuk H, et al. Efficacy of Plinabulin vs Pegfilgrastim for Prevention of Docetaxel-Induced Neutropenia in Patients With Solid Tumors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(1):e2145446. PMID: 35084480. PMCID: PMC8796017. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.45446. NCT03102606.
checked
Draft and rewrite: Codex (AI) · Verification: Codex blind grading and adversarial audit · Final adjudication: Claude
Reviewed and approved: Chamgap Editorial Team · Approval date: 2026-08-18 · Corrections: none

Cite this verdict

Plinabulin vs pegfilgrastim x docetaxel-induced severe neutropenia Evidence Grade C card
[Chamgap] Plinabulin vs pegfilgrastim x docetaxel-induced severe neutropenia — Evidence Grade C·50. 1 cited sources checked. Source: https://chamgap.com/en/verdicts/immunity/plinabulin-vs-pegfilgrastim-docetaxel-severe-neutropenia/ · CC BY 4.0

CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution; do not distort grades, numbers, or verdict meaning.

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