CHAMGAP
APPROVEDReviewed and approved by the Chamgap Editorial Team (2026-08-15). The draft was written by AI, the existence of all 4 cited sources was verified at the original page, and the verdict passed blind grading and adversarial audit. Methodology v0.7.
Verdict No. 2671 · Search date 2026-08-15 · Methodology v0.7

Post-MI prophylactic arrhythmia suppression,
does it really help with Prevention of sudden death by suppressing ventricular ectopy?

30-Second Summary
D
Evidence Grade D · 34 · Safety warning
CAST and SWORD showed harm with different drugs, populations, and primary outcomes and were not counted as repeat trials
Mortality and cardiac arrest increased significantly in the pivotal trials. The Korean flecainide label contraindicates use for asymptomatic ventricular ectopy or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction.
What the
research shows
The grade is D with 34 points. CAST and SWORD tested different drugs (Class Ic versus pure d-sotalol) in different populations with different primary outcomes. CAST found arrhythmic death or cardiac arrest in 33/730 versus 9/725, RR 3.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 8.5), and SWORD found all-cause death in 78/1,549 versus 48/1,572, RR 1.65 (1.15 to 2.36). Both showed harm in the same direction, but they were not repeat trials measuring the same thing.
What the
ads claim
Reducing premature beats on an electrocardiogram does not mean fewer deaths. CAST and SWORD both showed harm, but their different drugs, populations, and primary outcomes prevent treating them as repeat trials.
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Useful facts when choosing a product

  • Korean distribution was confirmed for Tambocor 50 mg flecainide, whose label contraindicates use for asymptomatic ventricular ectopy or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction.
  • Current Korean sales of encainide and pure d-sotalol were not confirmed.
  • Racemic sotalol and the pure d-sotalol used in SWORD are not the same product.
Gap Measurement · Verdict 2671 · D 34
What advertising claims
What independent, higher-quality research supports
△ GAP
01

What the research actually shows

The CAST preliminary and final papers are reports from the same NCT00000526 trial. The preliminary primary analysis included 1,455 participants and the final cumulative analysis 1,498; CAST was supported by NHLBI/NIH contracts. SWORD randomized 3,121 participants, followed them for a mean 148 days, and was supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb. The investigator groups and funding sources did not overlap. Both trials stopped early for harm, and an exact missing-data method could not be secured in accessible reporting.

02

Why this is classified as D (34)

Both trials had harm intervals excluding no effect, but their different drugs, populations, and primary outcomes preclude counting them as repeated refutation. H, R1, I1, E−, C0, B2, and the large hard-outcome trial yield D with 34 points.

Counterpoint. Flecainide remains a prescription drug for other indications under specialist supervision. This verdict is restricted to prophylactic suppression of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction.

Rejudgment record. Cross-check applied — Cross-checked CAST and SWORD for primary outcomes, randomized and analyzed counts, harm estimates, drug classes, funding, and duplicate reports from one trial

Scoring profile behind this grade
EndpointHHard endpoint - actual events such as death
ReplicationR1Single confirmatory trial
IndependenceI1Mixed funding sources
Effect sizeE-Harm increased in the trials
PrecisionC0The confidence interval leaves room for benefit

The scoring table and the verdict agree (D).

Sub-claim grades by effect

This ingredient is marketed for several effects. A single overall grade blends strong and weak claims together, so each effect is graded separately here. The overall grade reflects the strongest disconfirming or core claim.

Effect (sub-claim)GradeBasis
Prevent sudden death by suppressing ventricular ectopy with Class Ic drugsDCAST found significantly increased arrhythmic death or cardiac arrest.
Prevent post-MI death with pure d-sotalolDSWORD found significantly increased all-cause mortality.

Cross-check — Codex and Claude

This verdict was drafted by Codex through literature review and source-existence checks, cross-checked through blind grading and adversarial audit, and settled by reapplying the methodology boundary rules. Cases with split grades were resolved through rejudgment.
03

Evidence Table

StudyDesignSampleFundingEndpointResultWeight
Study 1Multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial; both papers report the same trial743NHLBI/NIH contract supportArrhythmic death or cardiac arrest33/730 (4.5%) versus 9/725 (1.2%), RR 3.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 8.5); final all-cause death or cardiac arrest 63/755 versus 26/743Large hard-outcome trial of Class Ic drugs
Waldo AL, Camm AJ, deRuyter H, Friedman PL, MacNeil DJ, Pauls JF, Pitt B, Pratt CM, Schwartz PJ, Veltri EP. 1996 SWORDMultinational randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial1,572Supported by Bristol-Myers SquibbAll-cause mortality78/1,549 (5.0%) versus 48/1,572 (3.1%), RR 1.65 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.36), P=0.006Large hard-outcome trial of pure d-sotalol in a different population with a different endpoint
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Receipt — 4 References

All 4 cited sources were verified for existence at the original page (as of 2026-08-15).

Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, Peters RW, Obias-Manno D, Barker AH, Arensberg D, Baker A, Friedman L, Greene HL, Huther ML, Richardson DW. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo: the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:781-788. PMID: 1900101. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199103213241201. NCT00000526.
checked
Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:406-412. PMID: 2473403. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198908103210629. NCT00000526.
checked
Waldo AL, Camm AJ, deRuyter H, Friedman PL, MacNeil DJ, Pauls JF, Pitt B, Pratt CM, Schwartz PJ, Veltri EP. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1996;348:7-12. PMID: 8691967. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02149-6.
checked
Reference 4
checked
Draft and rewrite: Codex (AI) · Verification: Codex blind grading and adversarial audit · Final adjudication: Claude
Reviewed and approved: Chamgap Editorial Team · Approval date: 2026-08-15 · Corrections: none

Cite this verdict

Post-MI prophylactic arrhythmia suppression x prevention of sudden death Evidence Grade D card
[Chamgap] Post-MI prophylactic arrhythmia suppression x prevention of sudden death — Evidence Grade D·34. 4 cited sources checked. Source: https://chamgap.com/en/verdicts/heart/post-mi-prophylactic-arrhythmia-suppression-sudden-death-prevention/ · CC BY 4.0

CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution; do not distort grades, numbers, or verdict meaning.

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What this document does and does not do

Chamgap is an information source. It reports what research has and has not confirmed; it does not tell readers what to take or buy. That decision belongs to readers and, when needed, medical or legal professionals. This verdict reflects literature available up to the search date and may change as new research appears. Nothing here is medical advice.