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Joints & Bones
Joints & Bones verdicts ranked by evidence score. 211 verdicts in this category.
54 foods and supplements claimed to help joints and bones, ranked by evidence
Drugs and procedures removed — only what you swallow, ordered by how strong the evidence is.
Joints & Bones Evidence Ranking
Within this category, verdicts with higher evidence scores appear first. Verdicts without a score stay lower in the same list.
| A | 88 | Zoledronic acid (intravenous bisphosphonate, Aclasta, prescription) | Prevention of vertebral, hip, and nonvertebral fractures in patients with osteoporosis |
| A | 86 | Risedronate sodium (oral bisphosphonate, Actonel, prescription drug) | Prevention of vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis |
| A | 86 | Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance (therapeutic balance-exercise program) | Reduction of falls in community-dwelling older adults at high risk |
| A | 86 | Otago Exercise Programme (individually prescribed home balance, strength, and walking exercise) | Reduction of actual falls among community-dwelling older adults |
| B | 79 | Denosumab (RANKL inhibitor, Prolia, prescription medicine) | Reduction of vertebral, hip, and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis |
| B | 79 | Alendronate (bisphosphonate; Fosamax; prescription) | Prevention of vertebral, hip, and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis with a prior fragility fracture |
| B | 79 | Topical diclofenac (Voltaren Emulgel, nonprescription medicine) | Reduced pain and improved function in knee osteoarthritis |
| B | 79 | Methotrexate (folate-antagonist conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug and prescription medicine) | First-line disease control and inhibition of joint-damage progression in disease-modifying-antirheumatic-drug-naive moderate-to-high-activity rheumatoid arthritis |
| B | 78 | Romosozumab (sclerostin-inhibiting antibody, Evenity, prescription medicine) | Prevention of vertebral, hip, and clinical fractures in postmenopausal women at high fracture risk |
| B | 77 | Teriparatide (PTH analog and bone-forming agent, Forteo, prescription) | Prevention of new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in patients with osteoporosis at high fracture risk |
| B | 77 | Raloxifene (prescription selective estrogen-receptor modulator, or SERM) | Reduced risk of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis |
| B | 76 | Etoricoxib 30 mg, a prescription selective COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug | Reduced pain and improved physical function in symptomatic knee or hip osteoarthritis |
| B | 76 | Allopurinol (prescription xanthine-oxidase-inhibiting urate-lowering drug marketed as Zyloric) | Maintenance of target serum urate and long-term reduction of gout flares and tophi in recurrent or tophaceous gout |
| B | 76 | Etanercept (TNF-alpha inhibitor biologic; prescription injection, Enbrel) | Improved disease activity, function, and radiographic structural-damage progression when added to methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate methotrexate response |
| B | 76 | Tibolone (tissue-selective synthetic steroid; prescription drug; Livial) | Prevention of new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in older postmenopausal women with osteoporosis |
| B | 76 | Individually tailored multifactorial fall prevention addressing exercise, medication, vision, and home hazards | Reduced falls and recurrent falls over one year in community-dwelling older adults |
| B | 76 | Specialist-selected high-bioavailability oral antibiotics for the first six weeks of complex bone and joint infection treatment | No increase in one-year treatment failure beyond the prespecified margin versus prolonged intravenous therapy |
| B | 74 | Febuxostat (prescription xanthine oxidase inhibitor and urate-lowering drug; Feburic) | Long-term reduction of gout flares and tophi by maintaining serum urate below 6 mg/dL in recurrent gout |
| B | 74 | Abaloparatide (PTHrP-analog bone-forming agent, Tymlos, prescription injection) | Prevention of new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high fracture risk |
| B | 74 | Cemented hip hemiarthroplasty (bone-cement fixation, a prescribed surgical procedure) | Prevention of periprosthetic fracture compared with uncemented hemiarthroplasty in older adults with displaced femoral-neck fracture |
| B | 72 | Bazedoxifene (selective estrogen-receptor modulator, or SERM; prescription osteoporosis drug, Viviant) | Prevention of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis |
| B | 70 | Vitamin D, bone-health axis | Calcium absorption, prevention of osteomalacia, and reduction of fracture risk |
| B | 70 | Naproxen (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID, nonprescription or prescription) | Improvement of pain and function in knee or hip osteoarthritis |
| B | 70 | Upadacitinib (oral JAK1 inhibitor, Rinvoq, prescription) | Improvement in remission, pain, and physical function in rheumatoid arthritis inadequately responsive to prior antirheumatic therapy |
| B | 70 | Bilateral daytime polypropylene functional foot orthoses made from negative casts and individualized prescriptions | Relief of walking pain at six months in mild-to-moderate hallux valgus |
| B | 70 | Six to eight sessions of group cognitive behavioral therapy addressing pain-related thoughts and behaviors, pacing, graded activity, and avoidance | Reduced disability related to chronic low-back pain |
| B | 70 | Hip arthroscopy | Improved hip-related quality of life and function at 12 months in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome |
| B | 70 | Offer of a soft bandage with immediate discharge | Equivalent three-day pain after pediatric distal radius torus fracture |
| B | 68 | Ibandronate (nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate; prescription drug, Boniva) | Reduction of new morphometric vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis |
| B | 66 | Celecoxib (a selective COX-2-inhibiting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory prescription medicine marketed as Celebrex) | Reduced pain and stiffness and improved physical function in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis |
| B | 66 | Meloxicam (an oxicam NSAID with preferential COX-2 inhibition; prescription drug, marketed as Mobic) | Improved pain, stiffness, and WOMAC function scores in knee or hip osteoarthritis |
| B | 64 | Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (prescription 4-aminoquinoline conventional synthetic DMARD; Haloxin) | Improvement of pain, swelling, physical function, and disease activity in DMARD-naive low-activity early rheumatoid arthritis |
| B | 64 | Conjugated equine estrogens (CEE, menopausal hormone therapy, prescription medicine) | Reduced hip fractures during treatment in postmenopausal women after hysterectomy |
| B | 64 | Colchicine (microtubule-inhibiting prescription anti-inflammatory drug; also called colchicine and marketed in Korea as Colkin) | Pain reduction and flare relief in acute gout |
| B | 62 | Avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) | Improvement of knee osteoarthritis pain and function |
| B | 62 | Carpal tunnel release by division of the transverse carpal ligament | Long-term improvement in carpal tunnel symptoms and function |
| C | 59 | Semaglutide 2.4 mg as a once-weekly prescription subcutaneous injection | Improved pain and physical function in moderate knee osteoarthritis with obesity |
| C | 58 | Tai chi exercise intervention | Improved pain and function in knee osteoarthritis |
| C | 56 | Intra-articular corticosteroid injection | Short-term improvement in pain and shoulder function in adhesive capsulitis |
| C | 56 | Tai chi, a low-intensity mind-body exercise intervention | Improvement in fibromyalgia symptom burden, pain, fatigue, sleep, and function |
| C | 56 | Acupuncture, primarily manual needle acupuncture | Clinically meaningful improvement in pain and physical function from knee osteoarthritis |
| C | 56 | Traditional tight swaddling with the legs extended and adducted for at least 20 hours daily for one month | Increased developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants with physiologically immature hips |
| C | 56 | Hospital-issued socks with rubber or synthetic slip-resistant tread | Reduced inpatient falls |
| C | 56 | Going barefoot or wearing ordinary socks or stockings without shoes | Increased falls during everyday activity and indoor walking in older adults |
| C | 56 | A wide desk-mounted forearm-support board for computer work | Reduced incidence of new neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders |
| C | 56 | Shoe-mounted coil ice cleats (Yaktrax Walker) plus use instruction | Fewer winter outdoor falls in fall-prone older adults |
| C | 56 | A standardized fracture liaison service that systematically identifies patients aged 50 or older and links assessment, treatment, and fall prevention | Reduced subsequent distal-forearm, proximal-humerus, or hip fragility fractures |
| C | 55 | Vitamin K2 (MK-7, menaquinone-7) | Bone health and vascular calcification/calcium metabolism |
| C | 55 | Balance and functional exercise for older adults (community exercise program) | Prevention of fall-related fractures in community-dwelling older adults |
| C | 54 | Rosehip (Rosa canina) | Joints (osteoarthritis) and antioxidant |
| C | 54 | Chrysanthemum zawadskii extract (GCWB106) | Joint and cartilage health and improvement of knee pain |
| C | 54 | Supervised land-based exercise therapy (strength, aerobic, and functional exercise) | Improved pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis |
| C | 54 | Dry needling (insertion of an unmedicated needle into myofascial trigger points) | Reduced morning first-step and foot pain in plantar fasciitis |
| C | 54 | Oral prednisolone, a systemic glucocorticoid prescription drug | Analgesic equivalence to indomethacin or naproxen in adult acute gout |
| C | 54 | Therapeutic aquatic exercise | Improvement of pain and daily function in knee or hip osteoarthritis |
| C | 54 | Whole chilies and sweet peppers | Lower odds of prevalent sarcopenia |
| C | 54 | Repeated consumption of carbonated soft drinks, including cola | Lower bone mineral density or increased fracture |
| C | 54 | See title and evidence table for the studied intervention. | The stated clinical outcome in the title. |
| C | 54 | A multifaceted package of foot orthoses, foot and ankle exercise, footwear advice and subsidy, falls education, and routine podiatry | Reduced fall rate in community-dwelling older adults with disabling foot pain |
| C | 54 | Custom-molded RTV silicone toe separator worn at night | Reduced radiographic hallux valgus angle over 12 months in moderate hallux valgus |
| C | 54 | Physical therapy compared with intra-articular glucocorticoid injection | Reduced pain and functional disability in knee osteoarthritis |
| C | 52 | External hip protector (impact-absorbing pads in protective underwear; non-drug protective product) | Prevention of hip fractures in older adults at high risk of falls |
| C | 52 | Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation | Short-term improvement in pain and function for knee osteoarthritis that has not responded to conservative treatment. |
| C | 51 | Cetyl myristoleate complex (CMO and cetylated fatty acids) | Improved knee-joint pain and function |
| C | 50 | MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) | joint pain and function improvement |
| C | 50 | Boswellia serrata (frankincense) | joint inflammation and pain relief |
| C | 50 | Collagen (hydrolyzed/UC-II) | joint and bone health |
| C | 50 | Gelatin | Joints, skin, and hair |
| C | 50 | Natural eggshell membrane (NEM) | Improvement of knee-joint pain, stiffness, and function |
| C | 50 | Topical diclofenac, an NSAID gel or plaster | Improved pain and function in acute ankle sprain |
| C | 50 | Burdock-root decoction tea | Knee osteoarthritis pain and function |
| C | 50 | Ground sesame seeds, 40 g/day | Improved knee osteoarthritis pain and function |
| C | 50 | Vitamin D3 50,000 IU taken with a meal containing zero or 30% of energy from fat | Higher plasma vitamin D3 concentrations 10 to 14 hours after dosing |
| C | 50 | Sensor- and smartphone-prompted active microbreaks | Prevention of new neck and low-back pain in pain-free, high-risk office workers |
| C | 50 | A neck-mounted smartphone holder adjusted to keep neck flexion at 0-15 degrees, added to exercise | Reduced nonspecific neck pain and disability in adults with heavy smartphone use |
| C | 50 | Long-term workplace use of high heels at least 5 cm high | Increased midfoot pain |
| C | 50 | Home transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | Reduced movement-evoked pain in fibromyalgia |
| C | 50 | Original constraint-induced movement therapy combining less-affected-hand restraint with intensive task training | Improved upper-limb performance and real-world use 3 to 9 months after stroke |
| C | 50 | A wearable continuous low-level lumbar heat wrap maintained near 40 C | Reduced short-term pain and disability in acute nonspecific low-back pain |
| C | 50 | Early weight-bearing beginning two weeks after operative fixation of an adult ankle fracture | Improved four-month ankle function versus six-week delayed weight-bearing without a clear complication increase |
| C | 50 | A 10-day below-knee cast for severe acute ankle sprain with inability to bear weight | Improved ankle function at three months versus double-layer tubular compression bandage |
| C | 50 | Comprehensive orthogeriatric care delivered immediately after admission in a dedicated geriatric ward | Improved four-month mobility after hip fracture in previously ambulatory older adults |
| C | 50 | A split keyboard separated to align with forearm and shoulder width | Reduced wrist ulnar deviation while typing |
| C | 50 | Ibuprofen 400 mg plus acetaminophen 500 mg taken as needed after third-molar extraction | Reduced postoperative pain versus hydrocodone 5 mg plus acetaminophen 300 mg |
| C | 50 | Soft denture liner | Reduced mandibular residual-ridge resorption in complete-denture wearers |
| C | 50 | Vosoritide 15 μg/kg by once-daily subcutaneous injection | Increased annualized growth velocity over 52 weeks in children with achondroplasia |
| C | 50 | Intravenous etelcalcetide | Improved PTH response versus cinacalcet in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism |
| C | 50 | Palopegteriparatide (TransCon PTH) | Maintained corrected normocalcemia while eliminating active vitamin D and reducing calcium supplementation in chronic hypoparathyroidism |
| C | 50 | Cinacalcet | Serum calcium normalization in inoperable primary hyperparathyroidism |
| C | 50 | Burosumab | Radiographic rickets healing in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia |
| C | 50 | Loxoprofen sodium hydrogel transdermal patch | Noninferior improvement of myalgia symptoms versus oral loxoprofen |
| C | 48 | Undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) | Joint pain, function, and flexibility |
| C | 48 | Curcumin (turmeric, curcumin/turmeric) | Anti-inflammatory and joint health |
| C | 48 | Lilium lancifolium extract powder | Improvement of joint discomfort and function |
| C | 48 | SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine; ademetionine) | Improvement of osteoarthritis pain and function |
| C | 48 | Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA; Bacillus-fermented natto polymer) | Enhanced calcium absorption and bone health |
| C | 48 | Yoga (instructor-led exercise program adapted for chronic nonspecific low back pain) | Improved pain and function in chronic nonspecific low back pain |
| C | 48 | Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy for chronic plantar fasciitis, including radial and focused protocols | Improvement of morning first-step pain and function in chronic plantar fasciitis |
| C | 47 | Devil's claw root (Harpagophytum procumbens) | Relief of osteoarthritis and low-back pain |
| C | 46 | Prunes (dried plums) | Maintenance of postmenopausal bone density and prevention of osteoporosis and fractures |
| C | 46 | Calcium fructoborate, a branded boron ingredient sold as FruiteX-B | Improvement of knee-joint pain and function |
| C | 46 | Low-level laser photobiomodulation (PBM/LLLT; red or near-infrared medical device or procedure) | Short-term improvement in pain and WOMAC disability in knee osteoarthritis |
| C | 46 | Intra-articular polynucleotide injection for the knee, including PN or PDRN products | Improved pain and function in knee osteoarthritis |
| C | 46 | Cervical traction, including mechanical, manual, and over-door traction, added to exercise | Clinically meaningful improvement in pain and neck-related disability from cervical radiculopathy |
| C | 46 | One to two drinks/day, defined as beer 356 mL, wine 118 mL, or spirits 42 mL | Maintained bone density and prevention of osteoporosis or fractures |
| C | 46 | Added nonsurgical periodontal treatment with scaling and root planing | Reduced rheumatoid arthritis disease activity in patients with coexisting periodontitis |
| C | 46 | Pyrrolizidine-alkaloid-reduced comfrey root extract ointment, Kytta-Salbe f | Reduced acute nonspecific upper or lower back pain |
| C | 45 | Calcium (supplement) | Bone health, maintenance of bone mineral density, and fracture prevention |
| C | 44 | White willow bark extract | Relief of osteoarthritis pain |
| C | 44 | Dry needling (a physical-therapy adjunct inserting a needle into myofascial trigger points without injecting medicine) | Reduction of chronic nonspecific neck muscle pain and disability |
| C | 43 | Tart cherry concentrate (Prunus cerasus) | Reduction of uric acid and prevention of gout flares |
| C | 43 | Kinesiology tape (elastic adhesive tape; nonmedical product) | Improvement of pain, walking, and physical function in knee osteoarthritis |
| C | 43 | Paraffin bath therapy (superficial thermal rehabilitation treatment or home-use device) | Reduced pain and improved grip strength and hand function in hand osteoarthritis |
| C | 42 | Milk basic protein (MBP) | Maintenance of bone mineral density and suppression of bone resorption |
| C | 42 | Taheebo extract (Tabebuia avellanedae, Tabetri®) | Joint and cartilage health and knee discomfort |
| C | 42 | Oral prednisone (prescription systemic corticosteroid) | Improved function and pain in acute sciatica caused by a herniated disk |
| C | 42 | Therapeutic ultrasound (low-intensity long-duration or physical-therapy ultrasound device) | Improvement of pain and function in knee osteoarthritis |
| C | 41 | Angelica decursiva leaf extract | Improvement of joint discomfort and function |
| C | 41 | L-leucine (a branched-chain essential amino acid sold as a single-ingredient supplement) | Improved muscle mass, grip strength, and walking function in older adults with sarcopenia |
| C | 40 | Boron | Bones, joints, and hormones |
| C | 40 | Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa or Uncaria guianensis, dietary supplement) | Relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis |
| C | 40 | Cissus quadrangularis (a Vitaceae plant-extract supplement) | Faster clinical and radiographic fracture union with less pain and swelling when added to fracture fixation |
| D | 35 | Chondroitin (chondroitin, mainly chondroitin sulfate) | Claims for joint and cartilage health, improvement of osteoarthritis pain and function, and maintenance of joint space |
| D | 34 | Glucosamine | joint (knee) pain and function improvement |
| D | 34 | Aquamin marine-algae multimineral from Lithothamnion | Increased bone mineral density and prevention of fractures |
| D | 34 | Calcitonin salmon nasal spray (antiresorptive peptide prescription drug) | Prevention of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis |
| D | 34 | Pulsed electromagnetic field device (PEMF; non-drug wellness or rehabilitation device) | Improved pain, stiffness, and physical function in knee osteoarthritis |
| D | 34 | Lumbar support (back belt or occupational low-back brace) | Prevention of low back pain incidence and related sick leave in physical workers |
| D | 34 | Long-term opioid analgesic strategy using stepped prescription medication management | Superior long-term pain-related function versus a nonopioid strategy for chronic back or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain |
| D | 34 | Mixed intake of lean and oily fish | Prevention of incident rheumatoid arthritis |
| D | 34 | Nonfermented milk without complete separation by fat content | Prevention of total and hip fractures in adults |
| D | 34 | Periodontitis diagnosis and treatment codes in health-care records | Increased incidence of rheumatoid arthritis |
| D | 34 | A guideline, education, leadership, and onsite-support bundle to reduce physical restraints in nursing homes | The claim that physical restraints prevent falls and fall-related fractures |
| D | 34 | Expanded use of hospital bed and chair exit alarms | Reduced inpatient falls and injurious falls |
| D | 34 | Habitual knuckle cracking | Increased hand osteoarthritis |
| D | 34 | Low-level amber LED arrays outlining the bathroom or entry doorframe as seen from the bed | Reduced nighttime falls among assisted-living residents with dementia |
| D | 34 | A physiotherapist-prescribed individualized home exercise program soon after hospital discharge | Improved mobility while reducing falls in older adults |
| D | 34 | A stand-alone HARP program in which an occupational therapist assesses and removes or modifies home fall hazards | Lower hazard of a first fall over 12 months in high-risk community-dwelling older adults |
| D | 34 | An early complex occupational-medicine add-on intervention | Reduced six-month cumulative low-back-pain sick leave in workers with physically demanding jobs |
| D | 34 | Parathyroidectomy | Prevention of death and major disease in mild primary hyperparathyroidism |
| D | 34 | Total hip arthroplasty | Reduced reoperation within two years versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral-neck fracture |
| D | 32 | Glucosamine sulfate (oral joint supplement and medicine in some countries) | Improvement of chronic low back pain and disability associated with degenerative lumbar disease |
| D | 31 | Choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA, a bioavailable silicon complex sold in supplements such as BioSil) | Improved bone formation and femoral bone density when added to calcium and vitamin D in women with osteopenia |
| D | 30 | Autologous platelet-rich plasma administered by intra-articular knee injection | Reduced pain and slowed cartilage loss in knee osteoarthritis |
| D | 30 | Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS, low-frequency medical device available without a prescription) | Improved persistent pain and disability in chronic nonspecific low back pain |
| D | 30 | Emu oil (topical animal-derived oil from emu fat, sold as a cosmetic or wellness product) | Relief of knee or hand arthritis and joint pain |
| D | 30 | Whole-body vibration platform (vibration exercise device) | Prevention of bone loss and increased bone density in postmenopausal osteopenia |
| D | 30 | Plantar-fasciitis tension night splint | Improvement of first-step morning pain and function in plantar fasciitis |
| D | 30 | Dextrose prolotherapy (peri-ligament injection procedure) | Reduction of chronic nonspecific low back pain and functional disability |
| D | 30 | Autologous platelet-rich plasma (ultrasound-guided subacromial autologous-blood injection) | Improved shoulder pain and function in rotator-cuff tendinopathy |
| D | 30 | Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate, an image-guided viscosupplement injection | Improved pain and function in hip osteoarthritis |
| D | 30 | Subacromial corticosteroid injection | Long-term improvement in rotator cuff-related shoulder pain and disability |
| D | 30 | Therapeutic ultrasound, low-intensity sound used in physical therapy | Additional pain and function improvement when added to exercise and heat for rotator cuff disease |
| D | 30 | Continuous passive motion device | Clinically meaningful additional range-of-motion, pain, and functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty |
| D | 30 | Custom-made semirigid foot orthoses molded from an individual cast | Improved plantar-fasciitis pain and function versus a sham insert |
| D | 30 | Instrumented lumbar fusion as elective surgery for chronic nonspecific low back pain | Greater disability improvement than intensive cognitive and exercise rehabilitation |
| D | 30 | At least four 150-mL cups of coffee daily, 600 mL or more, or caffeine above 330 mg/day | Prevention of osteoporotic fractures in women |
| D | 30 | Vitamin D3 1,200 IU daily in healthy term infants | Greater bone strength at 24 months than standard 400 IU daily |
| D | 30 | Stopping or continuing alendronate after five years of use | Fracture prevention over the next five years |
| D | 30 | Posture-correcting shirt and tension bands | Posture and neck-pain improvement |
| D | 30 | Compression arthritis gloves | Relief of hand pain in rheumatoid or undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis |
| D | 30 | A raised toilet seat used after total hip arthroplasty | Prevention of early hip dislocation within six months after surgery |
| D | 30 | Six weeks of strict sling immobilization and prohibition of active motion after rotator cuff repair | Reduced 12-month ultrasound retear versus early pain-limited active motion |
| D | 30 | Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) | Increased marginal bone level 12 months after regenerative surgery for peri-implantitis |
| D | 28 | Green-lipped mussel oil (New Zealand green-lipped mussel) | joint pain relief |
| D | 28 | Intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide (prescription corticosteroid injection) | Long-term relief of knee osteoarthritis pain with repeated injections |
| D | 28 | Continuous therapeutic ultrasound (physical-therapy energy device) | Improving chronic nonspecific low back pain and disability |
| D | 28 | Lumbar radiofrequency denervation of facet or sacroiliac joint nerves | Long-term pain and function improvement in chronic low back pain |
| D | 28 | Whole full-fat yogurt | Improved bone-turnover markers |
| D | 28 | Uncooked lactobacilli-rich vegan diet | Improved rheumatoid-arthritis activity and symptoms |
| D | 28 | Ice added to usual care for acute ankle sprain | Pain relief and faster recovery |
| D | 28 | Same-day split dosing of weekly oral methotrexate 25 mg | Improved rheumatoid arthritis treatment response |
| D | 28 | A weighted vest worn about eight hours daily during weight loss | Attenuation of hip bone loss |
| D | 28 | Keeping a schoolbag at or below 10% of body weight | Prevention of new low back pain in adolescents |
| D | 28 | Unstable curved rocker-sole footwear | Improved chronic low-back-pain disability and pain versus flat athletic shoes |
| D | 28 | Cushioned insoles containing static bipolar magnets | Relief of plantar heel pain |
| D | 27 | Far-infrared sauna (whole-body heat therapy using a non-drug device or facility) | Relief of joint pain and morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis |
| D | 27 | Low-dose naltrexone (6 mg orally) | Reduced pain in fibromyalgia |
| D | 26 | Lorecivivint 0.07 mg (a single investigational intra-articular knee injection) | Reduced pain in moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis |
| D | 25 | Shark cartilage | Joints and anticancer effects |
| D | 25 | Acetaminophen/paracetamol (non-opioid analgesic, Tylenol, nonprescription drug) | Faster recovery and improved pain and function in acute nonspecific low back pain |
| D | 25 | Proper lifting education and assistive-device training (manual material handling training, a workplace ergonomics education program) | Prevention of low back pain, back-related disability, and absence in workers |
| D | 24 | Diazepam (prescription benzodiazepine) | Rapid reduction of pain and disability in acute nonspecific low back pain |
| D | 24 | Customized orthotic insoles (non-drug foot orthoses) | Prevention of low back pain and duty suspension during prolonged walking or training |
| D | 24 | Therapeutic ultrasound for acute ankle sprain rehabilitation | Reduction of pain and swelling and acceleration of functional recovery after acute ankle sprain |
| D | 22 | Mechanical lumbar traction | Improved pain and function in subacute or chronic nonspecific low-back pain |
| F | 18 | Glucosamine (a prescription product or dietary supplement) | Improvement of chronic low-back pain and disability in degenerative lumbar osteoarthritis |
| F | 18 | Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, a fat-soluble vitamin sold nonprescription and as a supplement) | Improved pain and function and reduced cartilage loss in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis |
| F | 18 | Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate (intra-articular hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation procedure) | Clinically meaningful improvement in knee osteoarthritis pain and function |
| F | 15 | Epidural steroid injection (spinal procedure commonly combined with local anesthetic) | Relieving leg pain and disability from lumbar spinal stenosis |
| F | 12 | Acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol) | Sustained pain and function improvement in knee or hip osteoarthritis |
| F | 12 | Lateral-wedge insole (a nonmedical corrective shoe insert) | Improvement in pain, stiffness, and walking function in medial knee osteoarthritis |
| F | 12 | Cervical collar for immobilization after whiplash injury | Prevention of neck pain and disability after acute whiplash |
| F | 12 | Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS, fracture-healing medical device) | Acceleration of fracture union and functional recovery |
| F | 12 | Corticosteroid injection (local prescription injection such as peri-epicondylar triamcinolone) | Improved sustained one-year recovery and prevention of recurrence in lateral epicondylalgia |
| F | 10 | Copper bracelet (skin-worn device) | Relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis |
| F | 10 | Static magnetic bracelet (magnetic health bracelet) | Improved pain, stiffness, and function in knee or hip osteoarthritis |
| F | 10 | Colchicine (microtubule-inhibiting prescription anti-inflammatory drug; marketed in Korea as Colkin) | Treatment-level improvement in pain, stiffness, and physical function in knee osteoarthritis |
| F | 10 | Autologous platelet-rich plasma injection | Recovery of pain and function in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy |
| F | 10 | Advice to use bed rest for acute sciatica | Improved pain, function, and overall recovery |
| F | 8 | Transdermal testosterone gel (prescription androgen-replacement hormone) | Prevention of clinical fractures in middle-aged and older men with low testosterone |
| F | 8 | Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (orthopedic surgery) | Improved pain, locking, and knee function in middle-aged adults with degenerative meniscal tears |
| F | 8 | Arthroscopic subacromial decompression (surgery including acromioplasty) | Improved shoulder pain and disability attributed to impingement syndrome |
| F | 7 | Percutaneous vertebroplasty (prescription procedure injecting PMMA bone cement) | Pain and functional improvement beyond sham for acute or subacute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures |
| F | 6 | Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (a prescription 4-aminoquinoline immunomodulator; off-label for osteoarthritis) | Improved pain and function in hand osteoarthritis |
| F | 5 | Vitamin D3, or cholecalciferol | Prevention of falls in community-dwelling older adults without vitamin D deficiency |
| F | 5 | Arthroscopic lavage or debridement of the knee (invasive surgical procedure) | Improvement in pain and function from knee osteoarthritis |
| ? | score not listed | Achyranthes root | Joints |
| ? | score not listed | Strontium citrate | Increased bone mineral density and fracture prevention |
| ? | score not listed | Rhus toxicodendron 30C homeopathic product | Relief of joint pain, stiffness, and weather-related muscle pain |
| ? | score not listed | Sagol-guk or gomtang, a soup made by prolonged simmering of beef bones | Reduced osteoarthritis pain and improved physical function |